A spatial gradient of bacterial diversity in the human oral cavity shaped by salivary flow
Open accessAbstract
Spatial and temporal patterns in microbial communities provide insights into the forces that shape them, their functions and roles in health and disease. Here, we used spatial and ecological statistics to analyze the role that saliva plays in structuring bacterial communities of the human mouth using >9000 dental and mucosal samples. We show that regardless of tissue type (teeth, alveolar mucosa, keratinized gingiva, or buccal mucosa), surface-associated bacterial communities vary along an ecological gradient from the front to the back of the mouth, and that on exposed tooth surfaces, the gradient is pronounced on lingual compared to buccal surfaces. Furthermore, our data suggest that this gradient is attenuated in individuals with low salivary flow due to Sjögren’s syndrome. Taken together, our findings imply that salivary flow influences the spatial organization of microbial communities and that biogeographical patterns may be useful for understanding host physiological processes and for predicting disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Variation in the amount and velocity of salivary flow experienced by these sites, dictated by proximity to salivary glands, affects the composition of microbial communities harbored in distinct niches.
“Variation in the amount and velocity of salivary flow experienced by these sites, dictated by proximity to salivary glands, affects the composition of microbial communities harbored in distinct niches.231”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [231]
The oral cavity as a microbial environment is complicated by spatial gradients created by salivary flow, nutrient availability, oxygen concentration, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluids, in addition to regular environmental disturbances caused by eating and mastication, facial movement related to speaking and expression, and oral hygiene practices.
“The oral cavity as a microbial environment is further complicated by spatial gradients created by salivary flow, nutrient availability, oxygen concentration, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluids,61, 227, 231, 232 in addition to regular environmental disturbances caused by eating and mastication, facial movement related to speaking and expression, and oral hygiene practices.227”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [231]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DADA2: High–resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data
Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., Rosen, M. J., Han, A. W., Johnson, A. J. A., & Holmes, S. P. (2016) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3869 · Cited by 35,698 · see citing works
Self-citationStructure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726 · see citing works
The ade4 Package: Implementing the Duality Diagram for Ecologists
Dray, S., & Dufour, A. (2007) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v022.i04 · Cited by 6,168 · see citing works
Landscape Ecology: The Effect Of Pattern On Process
Turner, M. G. (1989) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001131 · Cited by 3,289 · see citing works
Exact sequence variants should replace operational taxonomic units in marker-gene data analysis
Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., & Holmes, S. (2017) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.119 · Cited by 3,253 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map
Martiny, J. B. H., Bohannan, B. J. M., Brown, J. H., Colwell, R. K., Fuhrman, J. A., Green, J. L., Horner‐Devine, M. C., Kane, M. D., Krumins, J. A., Kuske, C. R., et al. (2006) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1341 · Cited by 2,995 · see citing works
Occlusal Caries: Biological Approach for Its Diagnosis and Management
Carvalho, J. C., Dige, I., Mačhiulskienė, V., Qvist, V., Bakhshandeh, A., Parolo, C. C. F., & Maltz, M. (2016) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000448662 · Cited by 2,159 · see citing works
Dray, S., Legendre, P., & Peres‐Neto, P. R. (2006) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.015 · Cited by 2,047 · see citing works
Shiboski, S. C., Shiboski, C. H., Criswell, L. A., Baer, A. N., Challacombe, S., Lanfranchi, H. E., Schiødt, M., Umehara, H., Vivino, F. B., Zhao, Y., et al. (2012) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.21591 · Cited by 1,355 · see citing works
Defining the healthy “core microbiome” of oral microbial communities
Zaura, E., Keijser, B. J., Huse, S. M., & Crielaard, W. (2009) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-259 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes?
Marsh, P. D. (2003) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.26082-0 · Cited by 1,256 · see citing works
Topographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract
Charlson, E. S., Bittinger, K., Haas, A. R., Fitzgerald, A. S., Frank, I., Yadav, A., Bushman, F. D., & Collman, R. G. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201104-0655oc · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Temporal and spatial variation of the human microbiota during pregnancy
DiGiulio, D. B., Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., Costello, E. K., Lyell, D. J., Robaczewska, A., Sun, C. L., Goltsman, D. S. A., Wong, R. J., Shaw, G., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1502875112 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Self-citationBiogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale
Mark Welch, J. L., Rossetti, B. J., Rieken, C. W., Dewhirst, F. E., & Borisy, G. G. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1522149113 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Navazesh, M., & Kumar, S. (2008) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0353 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Pyrosequencing analysis of the oral microflora of healthy adults
Keijser, B. J. F., Zaura, E., Huse, S. M., van der Vossen, J. M. B. M., Schuren, F. H. J., Montijn, R. C., ten Cate, J. M., & Crielaard, W. (2008) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910808701104 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individuals
Bik, E. M., Long, C. D., Armitage, G. C., Loomer, P., Emerson, J., Mongodin, E. F., Nelson, K. E., Gill, S. R., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., & Relman, D. A. (2010) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.30 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Self-citationThe oral metagenome in health and disease
Belda‐Ferre, P., Alcaraz, L. D., Cabrera‐Rubio, R., Romero, H., Simón‐Soro, Á., Pignatelli, M., & Mira, Á. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.85 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Distribution of selected bacterial species on intraoral surfaces
Mager, D. L., Ximenez‐Fyvie, L., Haffajee, A. D., & Socransky, S. S. (2003) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00376.x · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Interpreting prevotella and bacteroides as biomarkers of diet and lifestyle
Gorvitovskaia, A., Holmes, S. P., & Huse, S. M. (2016) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0160-7 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationA reference guide to drugs and dry mouth – 2nd edition
Sreebny, L. M., & Schwartz, S. S. (1997) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1997.00033.x · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Molecular cartography of the human skin surface in 3D
Bouslimani, A., Porto, C., Rath, C. M. B., Wang, M., Guo, Y., González, A., Berg-Lyons, D., Ackermann, G. L., Christensen, G. J. M., Nakatsuji, T., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1424409112 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Oligotyping analysis of the human oral microbiome
Eren, A. M., Borisy, G. G., Huse, S. M., & Mark Welch, J. L. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1409644111 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Bültzingslöwen, I. V., Sollecito, T. P., Fox, P. C., Daniels, T. E., Jonsson, R., Lockhart, P. B., Wray, D., Brennan, M. T., Carrozzo, M., Gandera, B., et al. (2007) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology · doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.010 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Prevention of Xerostomia-Related Dental Caries in Irradiated Cancer Patients
Dreizen, S., Brown, L. R., Daly, T. E., & Drane, J. B. (1977) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345770560022101 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Effect of Radiation-Induced Xerostomia on Human Oral Microflora
Brown, L. R., Dreizen, S., Handler, S. F., & Johnston, D. A. (1975) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345750540040801 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Microbial Geography of the Oral Cavity
Simón‐Soro, Á., Tomás, I., Cabrera‐Rubio, R., Catalan, M. D., Nyvad, B., & Mira, Á. (2013) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034513488119 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Fehr, F. R. V. D., Löe, H. A., & Theilade, E. (2009) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000259635 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Oral Manifestations of Sjögren’s Syndrome
Mathews, S. A., Kurien, B. T., & Scofield, R. H. (2008) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910808700411 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Aging and saliva: A review of the literature
Vissink, A., Spijkervet, F. K. L., & Amerongen, A. V. N. (1996) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00842.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat
Proctor, D. M., & Relman, D. A. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.011 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationRadiation-induced dental caries, prevention and treatment - A systematic review
Pal, M. K., Gupta, N., Rawat, S., Grewal, M., Garg, H., Chauhan, D., Ahlawat, P., Tandon, S., Khurana, R., Pahuja, A. K., et al. (2015) · National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.4103/0975-5950.183870 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Kleinberg, I., & Jenkins, G. N. (1964) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/0003-9969(64)90015-9 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Progression of salivary gland dysfunction in patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Pijpe, J., Kalk, W. W. I., Bootsma, H., Spijkervet, F. K. L., Kallenberg, C. G. M., & Vissink, A. (2006) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.052647 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
A Mathematical Model of Salivary Clearance of Sugar from the Oral Cavity
awes, C. (2009) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000260684 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome
Nikolov, N. P., & Illei, G. G. (2009) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0b013e32832eba21 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Ximénez‐Fyvie, L. A., Haffajee, A. D., Som, S., Thompson, M., Torresyap, G., & Socransky, S. S. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027009637.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Oral Microflora in Subjects with Reduced Salivary Secretion
Almståhl, A., & Wikström, M. K. F. (1999) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345990780080601 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Estimation of the Velocity of the Salivary Film at Some Different Locations in the Mouth
Dawes, C., Watanabe, S., Biglow-Lecomte, P., & Dibdin, G. H. (1989) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345890680110201 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Becks, H., & Wainwright, W. W. (1943) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345430220050601 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Caries prevalence in xerostomic individuals.
Papas, A., Joshi, A. D., MacDonald, S. L., Maravelis-Splagounias, L., Pretara-Spanedda, P., & Curro, F. A. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Predictors of root caries in the elderly
Kitamura, M., Kiyak, H. A., & Mulligan, K. (1986) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1986.tb01491.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Individuality, Stability, and Variability of the Plaque Microbiome
Utter, D. R., Welch, J. L. M., & Borisy, G. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00564 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Effect of Saliva on Plaque pH in vivo
Abelson, D. C., & Mandel, I. D. (1981) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345810600090101 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Spatial organisation of microbiota in quiescent adenoiditis and tonsillitis
Swidsinski, A. V., Göktas, Ö., Bessler, C., Loening-Baucke, V. A., Hale, L. P., Andree, H., Weizenegger, M., Hölzl, M., Scherer, H. H., & Lochs, H. H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2006.037309 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The Effect of Desalivation on Coronal and Root Surface Caries in Rats
Bowen, W. H., Pearson, S. K., & Young, D. A. (1988) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345880670010301 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Salivary microbiota in individuals with different levels of caries experience
Belstrøm, D., Holmstrup, P., Fiehn, N., Kirkby, N. S., Kokaras, A. S., Paster, B. J., & Bardow, A. (2017) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2016.1270614 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Dental Plaque pH and Micro-organisms during Hyposalivation
Eliasson, L., Carlén, A., Almståhl, A., WIKSTRÖM, M., & Lingström, P. (2006) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910608500410 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Differences in salivary flow rates in elderly subjects using xerostomatic medications
Persson, R. E., Izutsu, K. T., Truelove, E. L., & Persson, R. (1991) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology · doi:10.1016/0030-4220(91)90187-h · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Pattern of dental caries experience on tooth surfaces in an adult population
Hopcraft, M. S., & Morgan, M. V. (2006) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00270.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Microbial community succession on developing lesions on human enamel
Torlakovic, L., Klepac‐Ceraj, V., Øgaard, B., Cotton, S. L., Paster, B. J., & Olsen, I. (2012) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.3402/jom.v4i0.16125 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Lecomte, P. B., & Dawes, C. (1987) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345870660110101 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sato, Y., Yamagishi, J., Yamashita, R., Shinozaki, N. O., Ye, B., Yamada, T., Yamamoto, M. P., Nagasaki, M., & Tsuboi, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131607 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. I. Plaque mass
Haffajee, A. D., Teles, R. P., Patel, M., Song, X., Veiga, N., & Socransky, S. S. (2008) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01154.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. II. Tooth position
Haffajee, A. D., Teles, R. P., Patel, M., Song, X., Yaskell, T., & Socransky, S. S. (2008) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01155.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Early dental loss in Sjögren's syndrome
Baudet-Pommel, M., Albuisson, É., Kémény, J., Falvard, F., Ristori, J.-M., Mp, F., & Sauvezie, B. (1994) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology · doi:10.1016/0030-4220(94)90143-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Effects of Saliva on the pH and Lactate Concentration in Dental Plaques
Englander, H. R., Shklair, I. L., & FOSDICK, L. S. (1959) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345590380051201 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Supra-gingival microbiota in Sjögren’s syndrome
Leung, K., Leung, W. K., & McMillan, A. S. (2007) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0132-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Revisiting Guerry’s data: Introducing spatial constraints in multivariate analysis
Dray, S., & Jombart, T. (2011) · The Annals of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1214/10-aoas356 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Subgingival temperature Relation to microbial counts
Haffajee, A. D., Socransky, S. S., Smith, C., Dibart, S., & Goodson, J. M. (1992) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1992.tb00672.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Incidence of Caries at Different Locations on the Teeth
Barr, J. H., Diodati, R. R., & Stephens, R. G. (1957) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345570360040801 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Does a temperature gradient exist across the mucogingival junction?
Brill, N., MAEDA, T., & Stoltze, K. (1978) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.1978.tb00394.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Davis, N. M., Proctor, D. M., Holmes, S. P., Relman, D. A., & Callahan, B. J. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0605-2 · Cited by 3,493 · see citing works
Self-citationThe oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease
Sedghi, L., DiMassa, V., Harrington, A., Lynch, S. V., & Kapila, Y. L. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12393 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Biogeography of the Oral Microbiome: The Site-Specialist Hypothesis
Mark Welch, J. L., Dewhirst, F. E., & Borisy, G. G. (2019) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062503 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Identifying biases and their potential solutions in human microbiome studies
Nearing, J. T., Comeau, A. M., & Langille, M. G. I. (2021) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-021-01059-0 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Oral Microbiome Geography: Micron-Scale Habitat and Niche
Welch, J. L. M., Ramírez-Puebla, S. T., & Borisy, G. G. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.009 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Saliva is a non‐negligible factor in the spread of COVID‐19
Li, Y., Ren, B., Peng, X., Hu, T., Li, J., Gong, T., Tang, B., Xu, X., & Zhou, X. (2020) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/omi.12289 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Proctor, D. M., Dangana, T., Sexton, D. J., Fukuda, C., Yelin, R. D., Stanley, M., Bell, P. B., Baskaran, S., Deming, C., Chen, Q., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01383-w · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, W., Zhang, X., Xu, H., Li, S., Lau, H. C.-H., Chen, Q., Zhang, B., Zhao, L., Chen, H., Sung, J. J. �., et al. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.020 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiota
Kaan, A. M., Kahharova, D., & Zaura, E. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12366 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Byrd, K. M., & Gulati, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.620124 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Zaura, E., Pappalardo, V. Y., Buijs, M. J., Volgenant, C. M. C., & Brandt, B. W. (2020) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12359 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Assessing the Role of Pharyngeal Cell Surface Glycans in Group A Streptococcus Biofilm Formation
Vyas, H. K. N., Indraratna, A. D., Everest‐Dass, A., Packer, N. H., Oliveira, D. M. P. D., Ranson, M., McArthur, J. D., & Sanderson‐Smith, M. L. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110775 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Microbiome-based body fluid identification of samples exposed to indoor conditions
Dobay, A., Haas, C., Fucile, G., Downey, N., Morrison, H. G., Kratzer, A., & Arora, N. (2019) · Forensic Science International Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.02.010 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The microbiome: Composition and locations
Kennedy, M. S., & Chang, E. B. (2020) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.013 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Brito‐Zerón, P., Acar‐Denizli, N., Ng, W., Horváth, I. F., Rasmussen, A., Séror, R., Li, X., Baldini, C., Gottenberg, J., Danda, D., et al. (2019) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez578 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Shetty, S. A., & Lahti, L. (2019) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-019-9930-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Single-cell and spatially resolved interactomics of tooth-associated keratinocytes in periodontitis
Easter, Q. T., Matuck, B. F., Stark, G. B., Worth, C. L., Predeus, A. V., Fremin, B. J., Huynh, K., Ranganathan, V. N., Ren, Z. F., Pereira, D., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49037-y · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Microbial biogeography and ecology of the mouth and implications for periodontal diseases
Proctor, D. M., Shelef, K. M., González, A., Long, C. D., Dethlefsen, L., Burns, A. R., Loomer, P. M., Armitage, G. C., Ryder, M. I., Millman, M. E., et al. (2019) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12268 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationOne population, multiple lifestyles: Commensalism and pathogenesis in the human mycobiome
Proctor, D. M., Drummond, R. A., Lionakis, M. S., & Segre, J. A. (2023) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.010 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, C., Wang, L., Lin, Y., Liang, H., Zhou, S., Zheng, F., Feng, X., Rui, Y., & Shao, L. (2019) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201901301 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
A Landscape of Opportunities for Microbial Ecology Research
Mony, C., Vandenkoornhuyse, P., Bohannan, B. J. M., Peay, K., & Leibold, M. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.561427 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Dysbiosis of the buccal mucosa microbiome in primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients
van der Meulen, T. A., Harmsen, H. J. M., Bootsma, H., Liefers, S. C., Vila, A. V., Zhernakova, A., Fu, J., Wijmenga, C., Spijkervet, F. K. L., Kroese, F. G. M., et al. (2018) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/key215 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Shi, W., Tian, J., Xu, H., Zhou, Q., & Qin, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200337 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Xiao, H., Fan, Y., Li, Y., Dong, J., Zhang, S., Wang, B., Liu, J., Liu, X., Fan, S., Guan, J., et al. (2021) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.028 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dental Calculus as a Tool to Study the Evolution of the Mammalian Oral Microbiome
Brealey, J. C., Leitão, H. G., van der Valk, T., Xu, W., Bougiouri, K., Dalén, L., & Guschanski, K. (2020) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa135 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
High-Throughput and Continuous Chaotic Bioprinting of Spatially Controlled Bacterial Microcosms
Ceballos‐González, C. F., Bolívar‐Monsalve, E. J., Quevedo‐Moreno, D. A., Lam‐Aguilar, L. L., Borrayo-Montaño, K. I., León, J. F. Y.-D., Zhang, Y. S., Álvarez, M. M., & Santiago, G. T. (2021) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01646 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Next-Generation Examination, Diagnosis, and Personalized Medicine in Periodontal Disease
Kikuchi, T., Hayashi, J., & Mitani, A. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12101743 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Characterizing Microbiota from Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients
Singh, M., Teles, F., Uzel, N. G., & Papas, A. (2020) · JDR Clinical & Translational Research · doi:10.1177/2380084420940623 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dieckow, S., Szafrański, S. P., Grischke, J., Qu, T., Doll‐Nikutta, K., Steglich, M., Yang, I., Häußler, S., & Stiesch, M. (2024) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-024-00624-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Investigating the demographic history of Japan using ancient oral microbiota
Eisenhofer, R., Kanzawa‐Kiriyama, H., Shinoda, K., & Weyrich, L. S. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0578 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Marotz, C. A., Morton, J. T., Navarro, P., Coker, J. K. C., Belda‐Ferre, P., Knight, R. D., & Zengler, K. (2021) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01182-20 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Probing periodontal microbial dark matter using metataxonomics and metagenomics
Kumar, P., Dabdoub, S. M., & Ganesan, S. M. (2020) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12349 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hagenfeld, D., Prior, K., Harks, I., Jockel‐Schneider, Y., May, T. W., Harmsen, D., Schlagenhauf, U., & Ehmke, B. (2019) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.12645 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Early microbial markers of periodontal and cardiometabolic diseases in ORIGINS
Marotz, C. A., Molinsky, R. L., Martino, C., Bohn, B., Roy, S. S., ROSENBAUM, M. S., Desvarieux, M., yuzefpolskaya, M., Paster, B. J., Jacobs, D. R., et al. (2022) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-022-00289-w · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Oral microbiota in aging and diseases
Ren, Y., Chen, M., Wang, Z., & Han, J. J. (2024) · Life Medicine · doi:10.1093/lifemedi/lnae024 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Stability of healthy subgingival microbiome across space and time
Tamashiro, R. A., Strange, L., Schnackenberg, K., Santos, J., Gadalla, H., Zhao, L., Li, E. C., Hill, E. V., Hill, B., Sidhu, G. S., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03479-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Benchmarking laboratory processes to characterise low-biomass respiratory microbiota
Hasrat, R., Kool, J., Piters, W. A. A. D. S., Chu, M. L. J. N., Kuiling, S., Groot, J. A., van Logchem, E. M., Fuentes, S., Franz, E., Bogaert, D., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96556-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Guo, S., Wu, G., Liu, W., Fan, Y., Song, W., Wu, J., Gao, D., Gu, X. J., Jing, S., Shen, Q., et al. (2022) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20210694 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kohn, J. N., Kościółek, T., Marotz, C. A., Aleti, G., Guay-Ross, R. N., Hong, S.-H., Hansen, S., Swafford, A. D.-E., Knight, R. D., & Hong, S. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Microbiology in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Passman, F. J., & Küenzi, P. (2020) · Tribology Transactions · doi:10.1080/10402004.2020.1764684 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pagnussatti, M. E. L., Santos, H. S. D. B., Parolo, C. C. F., Hilgert, J. B., & Arthur, R. A. (2024) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106070 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Handsley‐Davis, M., Jamieson, L., Kapellas, K., Hedges, J., & Weyrich, L. S. (2020) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01308-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Microbial characteristics across different tongue coating types in a healthy population
Chen, H., Li, Q., Li, M., Liu, S., Yao, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, Z., Liu, P., Yang, F., Li, X., et al. (2021) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2021.1946316 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases
Mechelli, R., Romano, S., Romano, C., Morena, E., Buscarinu, M. C., Bigi, R., Bellucci, G., Reniè, R., Pellicciari, G., Salvetti, M., et al. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9061132 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The microbial abundance dynamics of the paediatric oral cavity before and after sleep
Carlson-Jones, J. A. P., Kontos, A., Kennedy, D., Martin, J. M., Lushington, K., McKerral, J. C., Paterson, J. S., Smith, R. J., Dann, L. M., Speck, P. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2020.1741254 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kim, D., Jeong, Y. J., Lee, Y., Choi, J., Park, Y. M., Kwon, O. C., Ji, Y. W., Ahn, S. J., Lee, H. K., Park, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.874285 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Best practices for collecting and preserving marine mammal biological samples in the ‘omics era
Cise, A. M. V., Switzer, A. D., Apprill, A. M., Champagne, C. D., Chittaro, P. M., Dudek, N. K., Gavery, M. R., Hancock‐Hanser, B. L., Harmon, A., Jaffe, A. L., et al. (2024) · Marine Mammal Science · doi:10.1111/mms.13148 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kazarina, A., Pētersone-Gordina, E., Ķimsis, J., Kuzmicka, J., Zayakin, P., Griškjans, Ž., Gerhards, G., & Ranka, R. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12020309 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Li, J., Chang, S., Guo, H., Ji, Y., Jiang, H., Ruan, L., & Du, M. (2020) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens9110960 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A Statistical Perspective on the Challenges in Molecular Microbial Biology
Jeganathan, P., & Holmes, S. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics · doi:10.1007/s13253-021-00447-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationFagernäs, Z., Salazar‐García, D. C., Uriarte, M. H., Fernández, A. A., Henry, A. G., Maurandi, J. L., Ozga, A. T., Velsko, I. M., & Warinner, C. (2022) · FEMS Microbes · doi:10.1093/femsmc/xtac006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhang, J. S., Huang, S. W., Chen, Z., Chu, C.-H., Takahashi, N., & Yu, O. Y. (2023) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104801 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lundtorp-Olsen, C., Enevold, C., Jensen, C. A. J., Stofberg, S. N., Twetman, S., & Belstrøm, D. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10040392 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Site- and Time-Dependent Compositional Shifts in Oral Microbiota Communities
Esberg, A., Eriksson, L., & Johansson, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Oral Health · doi:10.3389/froh.2022.826996 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dysbiosis in Head and Neck Cancer: Determining Optimal Sampling Site for Oral Microbiome Collection
Pandey, D., Szczesniak, M. M., Maclean, J., Yim, H. C. H., Zhang, F., Graham, P., El-Omar, E. M., & Wu, P. Z. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11121550 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Microbiome in Sjögren's syndrome: here we are
van der Meulen, T. A., Vissink, A., Bootsma, H., Spijkervet, F. K. L., & Kroese, F. G. M. (2020) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218213 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Velsko, I. M., Gallois, S., Stahl, R., Henry, A. G., & Warinner, C. (2023) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16988 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Advances of Metal‐Based Nanomaterials in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Infections
Qi, J., Si, C., Liu, H., Li, H., Kong, C., Wang, Y., & Chang, B. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202500416 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Visualized analysis of trends and hotspots in global oral microbiome research: A bibliometric study
Liao, G., Wu, J., Peng, X., Li, Y., Tang, L., Xu, X., Deng, D., & Zhou, X. (2020) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.47 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Oropharyngeal microbiome of a college population following a meningococcal disease outbreak
Retchless, A. C., Kretz, C. B., Rodriguez‐Rivera, L. D., Chen, A. C., Soeters, H. M., Whaley, M. J., & Wang, X. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57450-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sami, A., Elimairi, I., Ryan, C. A., Stanton, C., Patangia, D. V., & Ross, R. P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32892-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I
Barboza‐Solís, C., & Acuña-Amador, L. (2019) · Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences · doi:10.15517/ijds.2020.39178 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The oral mucosal barrier: a dynamic gateway in oral and systemic health
Xin, Y., & Lei, H. (2026) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2025.2610035 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adade, E. E., Lakhen, K. A., Lemus, A. A., & Valm, A. M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2021.04.005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yang, F., Teng, F., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., Xu, J., & Huang, S. W. (2025) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2025.05.006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lundtorp-Olsen, C., Enevold, C., Twetman, S., & Belstrøm, D. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10040391 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stubbendieck, R. M., Zelasko, S. E., Safdar, N., & Currie, C. R. (2021) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01669-21 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Temporal oral microbiome changes with brushing in children with cleft lip and palate
Rodrigues, R., Chung, A., Mortensen, M. S., Fernandes, M., Monteiro, A. B., Furfuro, R., Silva, C., Manso, M., Sørensen, S., & Morais, P. V. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06513 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hockney, R., Orr, C. H., Waring, G., Christiaens, I., Taylor, G., Cummings, S. P., Robson, S. C., & Nelson, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265441 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Oral microbial biomap in the drought environment: Sjogren's syndrome
Bustos‐Lobato, L., Rus, M. J., Saúco, C., & Simón‐Soro, Á. (2023) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/omi.12435 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Salivary tissue factor induces thrombin generation in a diurnal rhythm
van der Vorm, L. N., Brouwers, J. E. I. G., Mondria, C., de Laat, B., de Groot, P. G., & Remijn, J. A. (2018) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1002/rth2.12130 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
dos Santos-Lima, E. K. N., Cardoso, K. A. P. A., de Miranda, P. M., Pimentel, A. C. M., de Carvalho-Filho, P. C., de Oliveira, Y. A., de Moura‐Costa, L. F., Olczak, T., Gomes‐Filho, I. S., Meyer, R., et al. (2019) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-019-0757-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Maruyama, H., Masago, A., Nambu, T., Mashimo, C., Takahashi, K., & Okinaga, T. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.27502.1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
COVID-19 heterogeneity in islands chain environment
Chyba, M., Kunwar, P., Mileyko, Y., Tong, A., Lau, W., & Koniges, A. E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263866 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Renno, A. J., Shields, R. C., & McLellan, L. K. (2025) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00066-25 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Muilwijk, M., Beulens, J. W. J., Groeneveld, L., Rutters, F., Blom, M. T., Agamennone, V., van den Broek, T., Keijser, B. J. F., & Hoevenaars, F. P. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290261 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Byrne, S. J., Butler, C. A., Reynolds, E. C., & Dashper, S. G. (2018) · Methods in microbiology · doi:10.1016/bs.mim.2018.07.001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tsuchida, S., Yoshimura, K., Nakamura, N., Asanuma, N., Iwasaki, S., Miyagawa, Y., Yamagiwa, S., Ebihara, T., Morozumi, Y., Asami, T., et al. (2019) · Odontology · doi:10.1007/s10266-019-00444-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bartholdy, B. P., & Henry, A. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2022.886512 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Block Bootstrap Method for Longitudinal Microbiome DataPreprint
Jeganathan, P., Callahan, B. J., Proctor, D. M., Relman, D. A., & Holmes, S. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1809.01832 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPolybacterial intracellular coinfection of epithelial stem cells in periodontitisPreprint
Easter, Q. T., Matuck, B. F., Stark, G. B., Worth, C. L., Predeus, A. V., Fremin, B. J., Huynh, K., Ranganathan, V. N., Pereira, D., Weaver, T. M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554343 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kamounah, S., Sarathi, A., Sørensen, C. E., Arumugam, M., & Pedersen, A. M. L. (2025) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.71150/jm.2501030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Inferring diet, disease and antibiotic resistance from ancient human oral microbiomes
Dahlquist-Axe, G., Standeven, F. J., Speller, C., Tedder, A., & Meehan, C. J. (2024) · Microbial Genomics · doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001251 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Interrogation of imaging-based interspecies dynamics in the oral microbiome
Xiang, Z., Wang, Z., Ghasemi, N., Wang, Y., Wen, J., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2026.2640344 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Saliva as a Window into the Human Oral Microbiome and Metabolome
Maughan, H., & Whiteson, K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35784-9_7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wenyan, H., Pujue, Z., Yuhang, H., Zhenni, L., Yuejun, W., Wenbin, W., Ziling, L., Pathak, J. L., & Sujuan, Z. (2022) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02537-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Salivary microbiome in kidney diseases: A narrative review
Ramanathan, K., Padmanabhan, G., Gulilat, H., & Malik, T. (2023) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.3864 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Standeven, F. J., Dahlquist-Axe, G., Hendy, J., Fiddyment, S., Holst, M., McGrath, K., Collins, M., Mundorff, A., Radini, A., Wagner, J., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111770 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mann, A. E., Aumend, C., Crull, S., O’Connell, L. M., Osagie, E., Akhigbe, P., Obuekwe, O. N., Omoigberale, A. I., Rowe, M., Blouin, T., et al. (2025) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-025-02123-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Liang, Q., Youjin, S., Chen, J., & Xu, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1783810 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
From Global to Nano: A Geographical Perspective of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Ryder, M. I., Fine, D. H., & Barron, A. E. (2024) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens13100837 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationSedghi, L. M., Green, S. J., & Byron, C. D. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1518-8_16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effect of silver diamine fluoride upon the microbial community of carious lesions: A scoping review
Zhang, J. S., Chen, Z., Chu, C.-H., & Yu, O. Y. (2023) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104554 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Successful strategies for human microbiome data generation, storage and analyses
Holmes, S. (2019) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-019-9934-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationCeballos‐González, C. F., Bolívar‐Monsalve, E. J., Quevedo‐Moreno, D. A., Lam‐Aguilar, L. L., Borrayo-Montaño, K. I., León, J. F. Y.-D., Zhang, Y. S., Álvarez, M. M., & Santiago, G. T. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.12.199307 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spatial patterns of dental disease in patients with low salivary flowPreprint
Proctor, D. M., Seiler, C., Burns, A. R., Walker, S., Jung, T., Weng, J., Sastiel, S., Rajendran, Y., Kapila, Y. L., Millman, M. E., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.21264534 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationBartholdy, B. P., & Henry, A. G. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.466104 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Baer, A. N., Bunya, V. Y., Wu, A. J., Xavier Mariette, A., & Vivino, F. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23488-0_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Hou, Q., Wei, F., Liu, B., & Feng, Q. (2025) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00989-25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Collection, Storing, and Processing of Other Samples
Triller, S., Beasy, G., Hughes, S., Serghiou, I. R., & Ahn‐Jarvis, J. H. (2025) · Springer protocols handbooks/Springer protocols · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5009-7_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Proctor, D. M., Fukuyama, J. A., Loomer, P. M., Armitage, G. C., Lee, S. A., Davis, N. M., Ryder, M. I., Holmes, S. P., & Relman, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Relman, David A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 681-681
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5813034
- OpenAlex
- W2801640552
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 18.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IUScholarWorks Open (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD000964)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007276)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32AI007328)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE023113)
- Division of Graduate Education
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, salivary flow, spatial gradients, bacterial diversity, Sjögren's syndrome, dental plaque, oral mucosa, biogeography, microbial community structure, tooth surface
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Bacteria, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth, Mouth Mucosa, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Saliva, Salivation, Sjogren's Syndrome, Tongue, Tooth, Genetic Variation, Xerostomia, Biodiversity, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
