Cited by 299Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchMicrobial Community Ecology and PhysiologyGut microbiota and health

Biogeography of the Oral Microbiome: The Site-Specialist Hypothesis

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Mark Welch, Jessica L., Dewhirst, Floyd E., Borisy, Gary G.·2019·Annual Review of Microbiology

Abstract

Microbial communities are complex and dynamic, composed of hundreds of taxa interacting across multiple spatial scales. Advances in sequencing and imaging technology have led to great strides in understanding both the composition and the spatial organization of these complex communities. In the human mouth, sequencing results indicate that distinct sites host microbial communities that not only are distinguishable but to a meaningful degree are composed of entirely different microbes. Imaging suggests that the spatial organization of these communities is also distinct. Together, the literature supports the idea that most oral microbes are site specialists. A clear understanding of microbiota structure at different sites in the mouth enables mechanistic studies, informs the generation of hypotheses, and strengthens the position of oral microbiology as a model system for microbial ecology in general.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062503

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  • The oral cavity as a microbial environment is complicated by spatial gradients created by salivary flow, nutrient availability, oxygen concentration, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluids, in addition to regular environmental disturbances caused by eating and mastication, facial movement related to speaking and expression, and oral hygiene practices.

    “The oral cavity as a microbial environment is further complicated by spatial gradients created by salivary flow, nutrient availability, oxygen concentration, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluids,61, 227, 231, 232 in addition to regular environmental disturbances caused by eating and mastication, facial movement related to speaking and expression, and oral hygiene practices.227”
  • Site specialization is dictated by the ability of a microbe to adhere, colonize, grow, and divide at that site.

    “Site specialization is dictated by the ability of a microbe to adhere, colonize, grow, and divide at that site.227, 234”
  • The nonshedding enamel surfaces, the gingival crevice, the mucosal epithelium of the cheeks, the tongue dorsum, and tonsillar crypts together present the oral cavity as a complex microbial environment with wide-ranging topography.

    “The nonshedding enamel surfaces, the gingival crevice, the mucosal epithelium of the cheeks, the tongue dorsum, and tonsillar crypts, together present the oral cavity as a complex microbial environment with wide‐ranging topography.227, 228”

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [72]Nyvad B, Fejerskov O. 1987 Scanning electron microscopy of early microbial colonization of human enamel and root surfaces in vivo. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 95: 287– 296. 3476984

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Authors
Mark Welch, J. L., Dewhirst, F. E., & Borisy, G. G.
Affiliations
  • Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;
  • Harvard University (US)
  • The Forsyth Institute (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Microbiology
Published
2019-09-08
Volume
73
Issue
1
Pages
335-358
ISSN
  • 0066-4227 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3251
OpenAlex
W2949610528
Cited by
284
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 3
FWCI
4.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R37DE016937, R01DE022586, R01DE016937)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
oral microbiota, biogeography, microbial ecology, oral microbiology
MeSH terms
Humans, Mouth, Spatial Analysis, Microbiota

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