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Reduction of measurement noise in a continuous glucose monitor by coating the sensor with a zwitterionic polymer
Open accessAbstract
Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), used by patients with diabetes mellitus, can autonomously track fluctuations in blood glucose over time. However, the signal produced by CGMs during the initial recording period following sensor implantation contains substantial noise, requiring frequent recalibration via fingerprick tests. Here, we show that coating the sensor with a zwitterionic polymer, found via a combinatorial-chemistry approach, significantly reduces signal noise and improves CGM performance. We evaluated the polymer-coated sensors in mice as well as in healthy and diabetic non-human primates, and show that the sensors accurately record glucose levels without the need for recalibration. We also show that the polymer-coated sensors significantly abrogated immune responses to the sensor, as indicated by histology, fluorescent whole-body imaging of inflammation-associated protease activity, and gene expression of inflammation markers. The polymer coating may allow CGMs to become standalone measuring devices.
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“Certain features of material chemistry can also be exploited to beneficially influence FBR, such as the use of low-fouling materials which prevent FBR-triggering non-specific protein adsorption (Figure 1) (Zhang et al., 2013; Xie et al., 2018).”
From Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics (2021) · cites this paper as Xie et al., 2018
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“Low fouling materials minimize the adsorption of proteins to their surface—the first step leading to FBR—and coating implants with these can greatly diminish FBR (Xie et al., 2018).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xie, X., Doloff, J. C., Yesilyurt, V., Sadraei, A., McGarrigle, J. J., Omami, M., Veiseh, O., Farah, S., Isa, D., Ghani, S., Joshi, I., Vegas, A., Li, J., Wang, W., Bader, A., Tam, H. H., Tao, J., Chen, H.-J., Yang, B., Williamson, K. A., Oberholzer, J., Langer, R., & Anderson, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Daniel G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2018-07-30
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 894-906
- ISSN
- 2157-846X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6436621
- OpenAlex
- W2884370030
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 7.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (4r37eb000244-34)
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA151884)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK091526)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000244, R37-EB000244, R01EB000351)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE013023)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, combinatorial chemistry, implantable glucose sensor, non-human primates
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Electrodes, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Polymers, Skin, Biosensing Techniques, Reactive Oxygen Species, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Mice, Electrochemical Techniques, Transcriptome, Signal-To-Noise Ratio
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