Closed-loop insulin delivery from bench to clinical practice

Hovorka, Roman

doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.32

Cited by 342Diabetes Management and ResearchPancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Treatment and Management

Closed-loop insulin delivery from bench to clinical practice

Hovorka, Roman·2011·Nature Reviews Endocrinology

DOI 10.1038/nrendo.2011.32

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Abstract

Automated closed-loop insulin delivery, also referred to as the 'artificial pancreas', has been an important but elusive goal of diabetes treatment for many decades. Research milestones include the conception of continuous glucose monitoring in the early 1960s, followed by the production of the first commercial hospital-based artificial pancreas in the late 1970s that combined intravenous glucose sensing and insulin delivery. In the past 10 years, research into the artificial pancreas has gained substantial momentum and focused on the subcutaneous route for glucose measurement and insulin delivery, which reflects technological advances in interstitial glucose monitoring and the increasing use of the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. This Review discusses the design of an artificial pancreas, its components and clinical results, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different types of automated closed-loop systems and potential future advances. The introduction of the artificial pancreas into clinical practice will probably occur gradually, starting with simpler approaches, such as overnight control of blood glucose concentration and temporary pump shut-off, that are adapted to more complex situations, such as glycemic control during meals and exercise.

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The Hovorka model and the UVAPadova model were originally formulated to represent the physiological behaviour of T1DM individuals, and no modification is necessary for the purpose of the present work.
“On the contrary, the Hovorka model and the UVAPadova model were originally formulated to represent the physiological behaviour of T1DM individuals, and no modification is necessary for the purpose of the present work.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
The Hovorka model and the UVAPadova Simulator describe only the glucose metabolism of a subject with type 1 diabetes.
“While the Hovorka model and the UVAPadova Simulator only describe the glucose metabolism of a subject with type 1 diabetes, the Sorensen model was formulated to simulate the behaviour of both normal and diabetic individuals.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
The Hovorka model is the simplest of the three models.
“The Hovorka model is the simplest of the three models, well documented and used primarily for the development of control algorithms.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
The Hovorka model is well documented.
“The Hovorka model is the simplest of the three models, well documented and used primarily for the development of control algorithms.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
The Hovorka model is used primarily for the development of control algorithms.
“The Hovorka model is the simplest of the three models, well documented and used primarily for the development of control algorithms.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors: Hovorka, R.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Hovorka, Roman
ORCID: Hovorka, Roman
Venue: Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-02-22
Volume: 7
Issue: 7
Pages: 385-395
ISSN: 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
1759-5037
DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.32
OpenAlex: W1968405174
Cited by: 342
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 4.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK085621, R01DK085621)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: artificial pancreas, type 1 diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump therapy, glycemic control
MeSH terms: Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Equipment Design, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Biomedical Technology

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Closed-loop insulin delivery from bench to clinical practice

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