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The role of diet in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
Open accessAbstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively known as IBD, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the aetiopathogenesis of IBD is largely unknown, it is widely thought that diet has a crucial role in the development and progression of IBD. Indeed, epidemiological and genetic association studies have identified a number of promising dietary and genetic risk factors for IBD. These preliminary studies have led to major interest in investigating the complex interaction between diet, host genetics, the gut microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this Review, we discuss the recent epidemiological, gene–environment interaction, microbiome and animal studies that have explored the relationship between diet and the risk of IBD. In addition, we highlight the limitations of these prior studies, in part by explaining their contradictory findings, and review future directions.Emerging data implicate diet as a crucial factor in the development and progression of IBD. Here, the authors discuss epidemiological, animal, gene–environment interaction and gut microbiome studies that have investigated the role of diet in the aetiopathogenesis of IBD.Key pointsEpidemiological studies have identified a number of potential dietary risk factors for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Early results from dietary intervention studies in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have been promising, particularly in paediatric patients, but high-quality randomized trials are needed to assess efficacy.Preliminary gene–environment and microbiome studies have demonstrated an interaction between diet, host genetics and the gut microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Large-scale studies are needed to prospectively examine the role of diet in the aetiopathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the context of host genetics and the gut microbiota.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Khalili, H., Chan, S. S. M., Lochhead, P., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Hart, A. R., & Chan, A. T.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- Published
- 2018-05-22
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 525-535
- ISSN
- 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5053
- OpenAlex
- W2803683171
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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