SLC25A51 is a mammalian mitochondrial NAD(+) transporter
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Mitochondria require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to carry out the fundamental processes that fuel respiration and mediate cellular energy transduction. Mitochondrial NAD+ transporters have been identified in yeast and plants 1,2, but their existence in mammals remains controversial 3-5. Here we demonstrate that mammalian mitochondria can take up intact NAD+, and identify SLC25A51 (also known as MCART1)-an essential 6,7 mitochondrial protein of previously unknown function-as a mammalian mitochondrial NAD+ transporter. Loss of SLC25A51 decreases mitochondrial-but not whole-cell-NAD+ content, impairs mitochondrial respiration, and blocks the uptake of NAD+ into isolated mitochondria. Conversely, overexpression of SLC25A51 or SLC25A52 (a nearly identical paralogue of SLC25A51) increases mitochondrial NAD+ levels and restores NAD+ uptake into yeast mitochondria lacking endogenous NAD+ transporters. Together, these findings identify SLC25A51 as a mammalian transporter capable of importing NAD+ into mitochondria.
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NADH is not efficiently transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, necessitating electron shuttle pathways that transport reducing equivalents from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation in the ETC.
“Notably, while NAD+ itself can be imported into mitochondria through SLC25A51–MCART1 (98, 99, 100), NADH is not efficiently transported.”
From Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
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- Authors
- Luongo, T. S., Eller, J. M., Lu, M.-J., Niere, M., Raith, F., Perry, C., Bornstein, M. R., Oliphint, P., Wang, L., McReynolds, M. R., Migaud, M. E., Rabinowitz, J. D., Johnson, F. B., Johnsson, K., Ziegler, M., Cambronne, X. A., & Baur, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Princeton University (US)
- USA Mitchell Cancer Institute (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Cambronne, Xiaolu A.
- Baur, Joseph A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2020-09-09
- Volume
- 588
- Issue
- 7836
- Pages
- 174-179
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC7718333
- OpenAlex
- W3084174900
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 12.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (TL1TR001880)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F32HL145923)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (DP2GM126897)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK019525, R01DK098656)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR053461)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- mitochondrial respiration, yeast mitochondria
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Cell Line, Genetic Complementation Test, Humans, Mitochondria, NAD, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cell Respiration, Mitochondrial Proteins, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Nucleotide Transport Proteins, Mice
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