Human gut bacteria produce ΤΗ17-modulating bile acid metabolites
Open accessAbstract
The microbiota modulates gut immune homeostasis. Bacteria influence the development and function of host immune cells, including T helper cells expressing interleukin-17A (T H 17 cells). We previously reported that the bile acid metabolite 3-oxolithocholic acid (3-oxoLCA) inhibits T H 17 cell differentiation 1. Although it was suggested that gut-residing bacteria produce 3-oxoLCA, the identity of such bacteria was unknown, and it was unclear whether 3-oxoLCA and other immunomodulatory bile acids are associated with inflammatory pathologies in humans. Here we identify human gut bacteria and corresponding enzymes that convert the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid into 3-oxoLCA as well as the abundant gut metabolite isolithocholic acid (isoLCA). Similar to 3-oxoLCA, isoLCA suppressed T H 17 cell differentiation by inhibiting retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor-γt, a key T H 17-cell-promoting transcription factor. The levels of both 3-oxoLCA and isoLCA and the 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes that are required for their biosynthesis were significantly reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, the levels of these bile acids were inversely correlated with the expression of T H 17-cell-associated genes. Overall, our data suggest that bacterially produced bile acids inhibit T H 17 cell function, an activity that may be relevant to the pathophysiology of inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Certain secondary bile acids serve significant biological functions, including regulation of host metabolism, immunity, and resistance against intestinal pathogen expansion.
“Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that certain secondary BAs serve significant biological functions, including the regulation of host metabolism, immunity, and resistance against intestinal pathogen expansion.21,360–364”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [364]
Certain secondary bile acids exert anti-inflammatory effects by stimulating Treg cell differentiation and inhibiting TH17 cell differentiation.
“On the other hand, certain secondary BAs exert anti-inflammatory effects by stimulating Treg cell differentiation and inhibiting TH17 cell differentiation.361,363,364,702,710”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [364]
Gut microbiota that produce bile acid metabolite 3-oxolithocholic acid as well as an abundant gut metabolite isolithocholic acid inhibit Th17 cell differentiation.
“Gut microbiota that produce bile acid metabolite 3-oxolithocholic acid as well as an abundant gut metabolite isolithocholic acid inhibit Th17 cell differentiation [102].”
From Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2022) · cites this paper as [102]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106 · see citing works
Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression
Patro, R., Duggal, G., Love, M. I., Irizarry, R. A., & Kingsford, C. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4197 · Cited by 12,700 · see citing works
voom: precision weights unlock linear model analysis tools for RNA-seq read counts
Law, C. W., Chen, Y., Shi, W., & Smyth, G. K. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2014-15-2-r29 · Cited by 6,155 · see citing works
limma: Linear Models for Microarray Data
Smyth, G. K. (2005) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/0-387-29362-0_23 · Cited by 5,796 · see citing works
Ivanov, I. I., McKenzie, B. S., Zhou, L., Tadokoro, C. E., Lepelley, A., Lafaille, J. J., Cua, D. J., & Littman, D. R. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.035 · Cited by 5,145 · see citing works
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554 · see citing works
Sakaguchi, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141122 · Cited by 3,293 · see citing works
Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases
Lloyd-Price, J., Arze, C., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Schirmer, M., Avila-Pacheco, J., Poon, T. W., Andrews, E., Ajami, N. J., Bonham, K. S., Brislawn, C. J., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1237-9 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Self-citationA Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies <i>IL23R</i> as an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gene
Duerr, R. H., Taylor, K. D., Brant, S. R., Rioux, J. D., Silverberg, M. S., Daly, M. J., Steinhart, A. H., Abraham, C., Regueiro, M., Griffiths, A., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135245 · Cited by 3,039 · see citing works
Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function
Josefowicz, S. Z., Lu, L.-F., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623 · Cited by 2,866 · see citing works
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D.-J., & Hylemon, P. B. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r500013-jlr200 · Cited by 2,829 · see citing works
Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies
Mallick, H., Rahnavard, A., McIver, L. J., Ma, S., Zhang, Y., Nguyen, L. H., Tickle, T. L., Weingart, G., Ren, B., Schwager, E. H., et al. (2021) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009442 · Cited by 2,596 · see citing works
Self-citationSayin, S. I., Wahlström, A., Felin, J., Jäntti, S., Marschall, H.-U., Bamberg, K., Angelin, B., Hyötyläinen, T., Orešič, M., & Bäckhed, F. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.01.003 · Cited by 2,331 · see citing works
MetaPhlAn2 for enhanced metagenomic taxonomic profiling
Truong, D. T., Franzosa, E. A., Tickle, T. L., Scholz, M., Weingart, G., Pasolli, E., Tett, A., Huttenhower, C., & Segata, N. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3589 · Cited by 2,185 · see citing works
Self-citationGut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease
Franzosa, E. A., Sirota-Madi, A., Avila-Pacheco, J., Fornelos, N., Haiser, H. J., Reinker, S., Vatanen, T., Hall, A. B., Mallick, H., McIver, L. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0306-4 · Cited by 1,995 · see citing works
Self-citationUniRef clusters: a comprehensive and scalable alternative for improving sequence similarity searches
Suzek, B. E., Wang, Y., Huang, H., McGarvey, P. B., Wu, C. H., & the UniProt Consortium (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu739 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
JPred4: a protein secondary structure prediction server
Drozdetskiy, A., Cole, C., Procter, J. B., & Barton, G. J. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv332 · Cited by 1,714 · see citing works
Mi, H., Muruganujan, A., & Thomas, P. D. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks1118 · Cited by 1,693 · see citing works
Species-level functional profiling of metagenomes and metatranscriptomes
Franzosa, E. A., McIver, L. J., Rahnavard, G., Thompson, L. R., Schirmer, M., Weingart, G., Lipson, K. S., Knight, R., Caporaso, J. G., Segata, N., et al. (2018) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0176-y · Cited by 1,693 · see citing works
Self-citationUniRef: comprehensive and non-redundant UniProt reference clusters
Suzek, B. E., Huang, H., McGarvey, P., Mazumder, R., & Wu, C. H. (2007) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm098 · Cited by 1,613 · see citing works
T Helper 17 Lineage Differentiation Is Programmed by Orphan Nuclear Receptors RORα and RORγ
Yang, X. O., Pappu, B. P., Nurieva, R., Akimzhanov, A., Kang, H. S., Chung, Y., Ma, L., Shah, B., Panopoulos, A. D., Schluns, K. S., et al. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.016 · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works
Gut microbiome–mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells
Ma, C., Han, M., Heinrich, B., Fu, Q., Zhang, Q., Sandhu, M., Agdashian, D., Terabe, M., Berzofsky, J. A., Fako, V., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan5931 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation
Hang, S., Paik, D., Yao, L., Kim, E., Trinath, J., Lu, J., Ha, S., Nelson, B. N., Kelly, S. P., Wu, L., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1785-z · Cited by 1,457 · see citing works
Self-citationGenome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-κB pathways
Nair, R. P., Duffin, K. C., Helms, C. A., Ding, J., Stuart, P. E., Goldgar, D. E., Gudjonsson, J. E., Li, Y., Tejasvi, T., Feng, B., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.311 · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works
Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation
Browne, H. P., Forster, S. C., Anonye, B. O., Kumar, N., Neville, B. A., Stares, M. D., Goulding, D., & Lawley, T. D. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17645 · Cited by 1,299 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies seven new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci
BIRAC Consortium, Stahl, E. A., YEAR Consortium, Raychaudhuri, S., Remmers, E. F., Xie, G., Eyre, S., Thomson, B. P., Li, Y., Kurreeman, F. A. S., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.582 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works
Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut RORγ+ regulatory T cell homeostasis
Song, X., Sun, X., Oh, S. F., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W., Geva-Zatorsky, N., Jupp, R., Mathis, D., Benoist, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1865-0 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Self-citationBacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells
Campbell, C., McKenney, P. T., Konstantinovsky, D., Isaeva, O. I., Schizas, M., Verter, J., Mai, C., Jin, W.-B., Guo, C.-J., Violante, S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2193-0 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Bile Acids Control Inflammation and Metabolic Disorder through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome
Guo, C., Xie, S., Chi, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Zheng, M., Zhang, X., Xia, D., Ke, Y., et al. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.008 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
PhyloPhlAn is a new method for improved phylogenetic and taxonomic placement of microbes
Segata, N., Börnigen, D., Morgan, X. C., & Huttenhower, C. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3304 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, I.-M. A., Chu, K., Palaniappan, K., Pillay, M., Ratner, A., Huang, J., Huntemann, M., Varghese, N. J., White, J. R., Seshadri, R., et al. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky901 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
A novel Ruminococcus gnavus clade enriched in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Hall, A. B., Yassour, M., Sauk, J., Garner, A., Jiang, X., Arthur, T., Lagoudas, G. K., Vatanen, T., Fornelos, N., Wilson, R., et al. (2017) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0490-5 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Self-citationSystemic gut microbial modulation of bile acid metabolism in host tissue compartments
Swann, J. R., Want, E. J., Geier, F. M., Spagou, K., Wilson, I. D., Sidaway, J. E., Nicholson, J. K., & Holmes, E. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006734107 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Bile acid receptors as targets for drug development
Schaap, F. G., Trauner, M., & Jansen, P. L. M. (2014) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.151 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Two Methods for Mapping and Visualizing Associated Data on Phylogeny Using Ggtree
Yu, G., Lam, T. T., Zhu, H., & Guan, Y. (2018) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msy194 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Control of TH17 cells occurs in the small intestine
Esplugues, E., Huber, S., Gagliani, N., Hauser, A. E., Town, T., Wan, Y. Y., O’Connor, W., Rongvaux, A., van Rooijen, N., Haberman, A. M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10228 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians
Sato, Y., Atarashi, K., Plichta, D. R., Arai, Y., Sasajima, S., Kearney, S. M., Suda, W., Takeshita, K., Sasaki, T., Okamoto, S., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03832-5 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Self-citationBile Acid-Activated Receptors, Intestinal Microbiota, and the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders
Fiorucci, S., & Distrutti, E. (2015) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.09.001 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
A biosynthetic pathway for a prominent class of microbiota-derived bile acids
Devlin, A. S., & Fischbach, M. A. (2015) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1864 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Self-citationEnteric Salmonellosis Disrupts the Microbial Ecology of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract
Barman, M., Unold, D., Shifley, K., Amir, E., Hung, K.-C., Bos, N. A., & Salzman, N. H. (2007) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01432-07 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Deciphering the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR paradigm
Modica, S., Gadaleta, R. M., & Moschetta, A. (2010) · Nuclear Receptor Signaling · doi:10.1621/nrs.08005 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism
Yao, L., Seaton, S. C., Ndousse-Fetter, S., Adhikari, A. A., DiBenedetto, N., Mina, A. I., Banks, A. S., Bry, L., & Devlin, A. S. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.37182 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Human cecal bile acids: concentration and spectrum
Hamilton, J. P., Xie, G., Raufman, J.-P., Hogan, S., Griffin, T. L., Packard, C. A., Chatfield, D. A., Hagey, L. R., Steinbach, J. H., & Hofmann, A. F. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00027.2007 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Lee, J. W. J., Plichta, D. R., Hogstrom, L. J., Borren, N. Z., Lau, H., Gregory, S. M., Tan, W., Khalili, H., Clish, C. B., Vlamakis, H. C., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.019 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationGenomes OnLine database (GOLD) v.7: updates and new features
Mukherjee, S., Stamatis, D., Bertsch, J., Ovchinnikova, G., Katta, H. Y., Mojica, A., Chen, I.-M. A., Kyrpides, N. C., & Reddy, T. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky977 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Revu, S. K., Wu, J., Henkel, M., Rittenhouse, N., Menk, A. V., Delgoffe, G. M., Poholek, A. C., & McGeachy, M. J. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Bile Acids Control Inflammation and Metabolic Disorder through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome
Guo, C., Xie, S., Chi, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Zheng, M., Zhang, X., Xia, D., Ke, Y., et al. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.009 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Small molecule inhibitors of ROR γt: Targeting T h17 cells and other applications
Huh, J. R., & Littman, D. R. (2012) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201242740 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationGarcía-Bayona, L., & Comstock, L. E. (2019) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01762-19 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The Xenobiotic Transporter Mdr1 Enforces T Cell Homeostasis in the Presence of Intestinal Bile Acids
Cao, W., Kayama, H., Chen, M. L., Delmas, A., Sun, A., Kim, S. Y., Rangarajan, E. S., McKevitt, K., Beck, A. P., Jackson, C. B., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.012 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Mouse Model of Infection with Citrobacter rodentium
Bouladoux, N. J., Harrison, O. J., & Belkaid, Y. (2017) · Current Protocols in Immunology · doi:10.1002/cpim.34 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
A Genomic Toolkit for the Mechanistic Dissection of Intractable Human Gut Bacteria
Bisanz, J. E., Soto-Perez, P., Noecker, C. A., Aksenov, A. A., Lam, K. N., Kenney, G. E., Bess, E. N., Haiser, H. J., Kyaw, T. S., Yu, F. B., et al. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationHong, P., Wu, J., & Liu, W. (2008) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02568-07 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Transformation of bile acids by Eubacterium lentum
Hirano, S., & Masuda, N. (1981) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.42.5.912-915.1981 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Development of a real-time PCR assay for quantification of Citrobacter rodentium
Sagaidak, S., Taïbi, A., Wen, B., et al. (2016) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2016.05.008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [46]Franzosa EA Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Microbiol 4, 293– 305 (2019). 30531976 PMC6342642
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease
Collins, S. L., Stine, J. G., Bisanz, J. E., Okafor, C. D., & Patterson, A. D. (2023) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Microbial metabolite enhances immunotherapy efficacy by modulating T cell stemness in pan-cancer
Jia, D., Wang, Q., Qi, Y., Jiang, Y., He, J., Lin, Y., Sun, Y., Xu, J., Chen, W., Fan, L., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.022 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
<i>Ruminococcus gnavus</i> : friend or foe for human health
Crost, E. H., Coletto, E., Bell, A., & Juge, N. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuad014 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
A bacterial bile acid metabolite modulates Treg activity through the nuclear hormone receptor NR4A1
Li, W., Hang, S., Fang, Y., Bae, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, G., McCurry, M. D., Bae, M., Paik, D., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.013 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationTH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation
Schnell, A., Littman, D. R., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01387-9 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer
Lin, J., Rao, D., Zhang, M., & Gao, Q. (2024) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01527-8 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationGut commensal <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i> alleviates inflammatory arthritis
Sun, H., Guo, Y., Wang, H., Yin, A., Hu, J., Yuan, T., Zhou, S., Xu, W., Wei, P., Yin, S., et al. (2023) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327756 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms of disease and therapeutic opportunities
Iliev, I. D., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., & Guo, C.-J. (2025) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-025-01163-0 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Gong, W., Guo, P., Li, Y., Liu, L., Yan, R., Liu, S., Wang, S., Xue, F., Zhou, X., & Yuan, Z. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4974 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Molecular basis of bile acid-FXR-FGF15/19 signaling axis
Katafuchi, T., & Makishima, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23116046 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity
Lee, M. H., Nuccio, S.-P., Mohanty, I., Hagey, L. R., Dorrestein, P. C., Chu, H., & Raffatellu, M. (2024) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Th17 cell pathogenicity in autoimmune disease
Park, E., & Ciofani, M. (2025) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-025-01535-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cholangiokines: undervalued modulators in the hepatic microenvironment
Cai, X., Tacke, F., Guillot, A., & Liu, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192840 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gut microbial metabolites in cancer therapy
Song, P., Peng, Z., & Guo, X. (2025) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.016 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Paik, D., Yao, L., Zhang, Y., Bae, S., D’Agostino, G. D., Zhang, M., Kim, E., Franzosa, E. A., Avila-Pacheco, J., Bisanz, J. E., Rakowski, C. K., Vlamakis, H., Xavier, R. J., Turnbaugh, P. J., Longman, R. S., Krout, M. R., Clish, C. B., Rastinejad, F., Huttenhower, C., Huh, J. R., & Devlin, A. S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Bucknell University (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huh, Jun R.
- Devlin, A. Sloan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2022-03-16
- Volume
- 603
- Issue
- 7903
- Pages
- 907-912
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC9132548
- OpenAlex
- W4221131751
- Cited by
- 594
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 125 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 38.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (210664/Z/18/Z)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM095450, R35GM128618)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K99AI147165, R00AI147165)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK114252, R01DK110559, R24DK110499, P30DK034854, P30DK043351, P30DK040561, R01DK120985)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR074500)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U54DE023798)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, lithocholic acid, Th17 cells, IL-17A, RORγt, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, inflammatory bowel disease, immunomodulation, secondary bile acids, gut immune homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bile Acids and Salts, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Lithocholic Acid, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Interleukin-17, Gastrointestinal Tract, Th17 Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
