Cited by 196Drug Transport and Resistance MechanismsFibroblast Growth Factor ResearchCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Molecular basis of bile acid-FXR-FGF15/19 signaling axis

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Katafuchi, Takeshi, Makishima, Makoto·2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Bile acids (BAs) are a group of amphiphilic molecules consisting of a rigid steroid core attached to a hydroxyl group with a varying number, position, and orientation, and a hydrophilic side chain. While BAs act as detergents to solubilize lipophilic nutrients in the small intestine during digestion and absorption, they also act as hormones. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that forms a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), is activated by BAs in the enterohepatic circulation reabsorbed via transporters in the ileum and the colon, and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression involved in cholesterol, BA, and lipid metabolism in the liver. The FXR/RXRα heterodimer also exists in the distal ileum and regulates production of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/FGF19, a hormone traveling via the enterohepatic circulation that activates hepatic FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4)-β-klotho receptor complex and regulates gene expression involved in cholesterol, BA, and lipid metabolism, as well as those regulating cell proliferation. Agonists for FXR and analogs for FGF15/19 are currently recognized as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and cholestatic diseases.

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Crossref · 10.3390/ijms23116046

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  • BAs are important modulators of the MGB axis, functioning directly via BA receptors in the ENS and brain or indirectly via GLP-1 or the FXR-FGF15/19 axis.

    “these metabolites have emerged as important modulators of the MGB axis, functioning directly via BA receptors in the ENS and brain or indirectly via GLP-1 or the FXR-FGF15/19 axis (297, 319).”

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Authors
Katafuchi, T., & Makishima, M.
Affiliations
Nihon University (JP)
Corresponding author
Katafuchi, Takeshi
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-05-27
Volume
23
Issue
11
Pages
6046
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4281710331
Cited by
193
References
183
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 9
FWCI
3.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (20K22746)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords
bile acids, farnesoid X receptor, FGF receptor 4, β-Klotho, enterohepatic circulation, nuclear receptor signaling, retinoid X receptor alpha, bile acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, metabolic syndrome, FXR agonists
MeSH terms
Bile Acids and Salts, Cholesterol, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Liver, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

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