Cited by 392SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesT-cell and B-cell Immunology

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Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection

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Zuo, Jianmin, Dowell, Alexander C., Pearce, Hayden, Verma, Kriti, Long, Heather M., Begum, Jusnara, Aiano, Felicity, Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin, Hoschler, Katja, Brooks, Tim, Taylor, Stephen, Hewson, Jacqueline, Hallis, Bassam, Stapley, Lorrain, Borrow, Ray, Linley, Ezra, Ahmad, Shazaad, Parker, Ben, Horsley, Alex, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Brown, Kevin, Ramsay, Mary E., Ladhani, Shamez, Moss, Paul·2021·Nature Immunology

DOI 10.1038/s41590-021-00902-8PMC PMC7610739

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Abstract

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical in controlling disease, but there is concern that waning immunity may predispose to reinfection. We analyzed the magnitude and phenotype of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response in 100 donors at 6 months following infection. T cell responses were present by ELISPOT and/or intracellular cytokine staining analysis in all donors and characterized by predominant CD4+ T cell responses with strong interleukin (IL)-2 cytokine expression. Median T cell responses were 50% higher in donors who had experienced a symptomatic infection, indicating that the severity of primary infection establishes a 'set point' for cellular immunity. T cell responses to spike and nucleoprotein/membrane proteins were correlated with peak antibody levels. Furthermore, higher levels of nucleoprotein-specific T cells were associated with preservation of nucleoprotein-specific antibody level although no such correlation was observed in relation to spike-specific responses. In conclusion, our data are reassuring that functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are retained at 6 months following infection.

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CELL2025_Grifoni
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Summary
Crotty, S., Sette, A., & Weiskopf, D. (2022) · ImmPort · doi:10.21430/m31tx0gfhu

Authors: Zuo, J., Dowell, A. C., Pearce, H., Verma, K., Long, H. M., Begum, J., Aiano, F., Amin-Chowdhury, Z., Hoschler, K., Brooks, T., Taylor, S., Hewson, J., Hallis, B., Stapley, L., Borrow, R., Linley, E., Ahmad, S., Parker, B., Horsley, A., Amirthalingam, G., Brown, K., Ramsay, M. E., Ladhani, S., & Moss, P.
Affiliations: University of Birmingham (GB)
Manchester Royal Infirmary (GB)
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
University of Manchester (GB)
St George's, University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Ladhani, Shamez
Moss, Paul
ORCID: Zuo, Jianmin
Dowell, Alexander C.
Pearce, Hayden
Verma, Kriti
Long, Heather M.
Begum, Jusnara
Aiano, Felicity
Brooks, Tim
Taylor, Stephen
Hewson, Jacqueline
Hallis, Bassam
Borrow, Ray
Linley, Ezra
Ahmad, Shazaad
Parker, Ben
Horsley, Alex
Amirthalingam, Gayatri
Brown, Kevin
Ramsay, Mary E.
Ladhani, Shamez
Moss, Paul
Venue: Nature Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-03-05
Volume: 22
Issue: 5
Pages: 620-626
ISSN: 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
1529-2916
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00902-8
PMC: PMC7610739
OpenAlex: W3134099704
Cited by: 392
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 137
FWCI: 27.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2021-05-20)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/R011230/1)
Bloodwise (17009)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, T cell immunity, CD4+ T cells, waning immunity, reinfection, interleukin-2, spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, membrane proteins, antibody kinetics, symptomatic infection, set point
MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Antigens, Viral, Female, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Interleukin-2, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Time Factors, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Young Adult

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Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection

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