The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The exerkine apelin reverses age-associated sarcopenia
Open accessAbstract
Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength, lacks early diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to prevent the frailty-to-disability transition often responsible for the medical institutionalization of elderly individuals. Herein we report that production of the endogenous peptide apelin, induced by muscle contraction, is reduced in an age-dependent manner in humans and rodents and is positively associated with the beneficial effects of exercise in older persons. Mice deficient in either apelin or its receptor (APLNR) presented dramatic alterations in muscle function with increasing age. Various strategies that restored apelin signaling during aging further demonstrated that this peptide considerably enhanced muscle function by triggering mitochondriogenesis, autophagy and anti-inflammatory pathways in myofibers as well as enhancing the regenerative capacity by targeting muscle stem cells. Taken together, these findings revealed positive regulatory feedback between physical activity, apelin and muscle function and identified apelin both as a tool for diagnosis of early sarcopenia and as the target of an innovative pharmacological strategy to prevent age-associated muscle weakness and restore physical autonomy.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In both humans and animal models, exercise increases muscle mRNA levels of apelin94 and possibly serum levels of apelin95,96.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [96]
In the citing paper
“In an animal model, skeletal muscle95,96 served as a source of apelin secretion, which improved skeletal muscle function in the setting of ageing, supporting the potential of apelin as a therapeutic to combat age-related sarcopenia94–96.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [96]
In the citing paper
“Specifically in old mice, increased apelin exposure (by daily injection or skeletal muscle overexpression) stimulated muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle protein synthesis and enhancement of muscle stem cells to stimulate muscle regeneration96.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [96]
Citations
Cites
Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits
Rockwood, K., & Mitnitski, A. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.7.722 · Cited by 3,076
Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms
Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2007 · Cited by 2,495
The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States
Janssen, I., Shepard, D. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Roubenoff, R. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x · Cited by 1,546
Pahor, M., Guralnik, J. M., Ambrosius, W. T., Blair, S., Bonds, D. E., Church, T. S., Espeland, M. A., Fielding, R. A., Gill, T. M., Groessl, E. J., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5616 · Cited by 1,427
Self-citationRyu, D., Mouchiroud, L., Andreux, P. A., Katsyuba, E., Moullan, N., Nicolet-dit-Félix, A. A., Williams, E. G., Jha, P., Lo Sasso, G., Huzard, D., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4132 · Cited by 1,105
Welcome to the ICD‐10 code for sarcopenia
Anker, S. D., Morley, J. E., & von Haehling, S. (2016) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12147 · Cited by 983
Sarcopenia: alternative definitions and associations with lower extremity function
Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E., Goodpaster, B., Nevitt, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Rubin, S. M., Harris, T. B., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51534.x · Cited by 981
Frailty and cognitive impairment—A review of the evidence and causal mechanisms
Robertson, D. A., Savva, G. M., & Kenny, R. A. (2013) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.06.004 · Cited by 784
The LIFE Study Investigators* [*See Appendix for List of LIFE Study Investigators] (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.11.1157 · Cited by 668
Bernet, J. D., Doles, J. D., Hall, J. K., Kelly Tanaka, K., Carter, T. A., & Olwin, B. B. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3465 · Cited by 573
Apelin Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Normal and Obese Insulin-Resistant Mice
Dray, C., Knauf, C., Daviaud, D., Waget, A., Boucher, J., Buléon, M., Cani, P. D., Attané, C., Guigné, C., Carpéné, C., et al. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.003 · Cited by 522
Self-citationExercise Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle
Cartee, G. D., Hepple, R. T., Bamman, M. M., & Zierath, J. R. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.007 · Cited by 483
Medhurst, A. D., Jennings, C. A., Robbins, M. J., Davis, R. P., Ellis, C. E., Winborn, K. Y., Lawrie, K. W. M., Hervieu, G. J., Riley, G. J., Bolaky, J. E., et al. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01587.x · Cited by 448
Fry, C. S., Lee, J. D., Mula, J., Kirby, T. J., Jackson, J. R., Liu, F., Yang, L., Mendias, C. L., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., McCarthy, J. J., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3710 · Cited by 432
Beneficial health effects of exercise – the role of IL-6 as a myokine
Pedersen, B. K., & Fischer, C. P. (2007) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.02.002 · Cited by 371
Lukjanenko, L., Jung, M. J., Hegde, N., Perruisseau-Carrier, C., Migliavacca, E., Rozo, M., Karaz, S., Jacot, G. E., Schmidt, M., Li, L., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4126 · Cited by 347
Self-citationSandri, M., Barberi, L., Bijlsma, A. Y., Blaauw, B., Dyar, K. A., Milan, G., Mammucari, C., Meskers, C. G. M., Pallafacchina, G., Paoli, A., et al. (2013) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-013-9432-9 · Cited by 340
Mamchaoui, K., Trollet, C., Bigot, A., Négroni, E., Chaouch, S., Wolff, A., Kandalla, P. K., Marie, S., Santo, J. P. D., Guily, J. L. S., et al. (2011) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/2044-5040-1-34 · Cited by 338
Self-citationApelin signaling antagonizes Ang II effects in mouse models of atherosclerosis
Chun, H. J., Ali, Z. A., Kojima, Y., Kundu, R. K., Sheikh, A. Y., Agrawal, R., Zheng, L., Leeper, N. J., Pearl, N., Patterson, A. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34871 · Cited by 332
Kuba, K., Zhang, L., Imai, Y., Arab, S., Chen, M., Maekawa, Y., Leschnik, M. W., Leibbrandt, A., Markovic, M., Schwaighofer, J., et al. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.158659 · Cited by 316
Castan‐Laurell, I., Dray, C., Attané, C., Duparc, T., Knauf, C., & Valet, P. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9 · Cited by 297
Self-citationApelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity
Yue, P., Jin, H. H., Aillaud, M., Deng, A. C., Azuma, J., Asagami, T., Kundu, R. K., Reaven, G. M., Quertermous, T., & Tsao, P. S. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00385.2009 · Cited by 283
MAPT STUDY: A MULTIDOMAIN APPROACH FOR PREVENTING ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: DESIGN AND BASELINE DATA
Vellas, B. J., Guyonnet, S., Touchon, J., DANTOINE, T. F., Dartigues, J., Cufi, M.-N., Bordes, S., Gasnier, Y., Robert, P. H., Bories, L., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2014.34 · Cited by 257
Self-citationYang, P. B., Read, C., Kuc, R. E., Buonincontri, G., Southwood, M. R., Torella, R., Upton, P. D., Crosby, A., Sawiak, S. J., Carpenter, T. A., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.023218 · Cited by 240
Mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging: insights from Drosophila and mammalian models
Demontis, F., Piccirillo, R., Goldberg, A. L., & Perrimon, N. (2013) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.012559 · Cited by 238
Skeletal muscle aging and the mitochondrion
Johnson, M. L., Robinson, M. M., & Nair, K. S. (2013) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.12.003 · Cited by 233
Besse-Patin, A., Montastier, E., Vinel, C., Castan-Laurell, I., Louche, K., Dray, C., Daviaud, D., Mir, L., Marques, M.-A., Thalamas, C., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.158 · Cited by 227
Self-citationKATUGAMPOLA, S. D., Maguire, J. J., Matthewson, S. R., & Davenport, A. P. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703939 · Cited by 216
Relationship Between Frailty and Cognitive Decline in Older Mexican Americans
Samper‐Ternent, R., Snih, S. A., Raji, M. A., Markides, K. S., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01947.x · Cited by 212
Apelin (65‐77) activates p70 S6 kinase and is mitogenic for umbilical endothelial cells
Masri, B., Morin, N., Cornu, M., Knibiehler, B., & Audigier, Y. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-1930fje · Cited by 211
Pitkin, S. L., Maguire, J. J., Bonner, T. I., & Davenport, A. P. (2010) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.110.002949 · Cited by 198
Apelin and APJ regulation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice and humans
Dray, C., Debard, C., Jager, J., Disse, E., Daviaud, D., Martin, P. G. P., Attané, C., Wanecq, E., Guigné, C., Bost, F., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00598.2009 · Cited by 171
Self-citationHan, K., Park, Y., Kwon, H., Ko, S., Lee, S., Yim, H. W., Lee, W.-C., Park, Y. G., Kim, M. K., & Park, Y. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086902 · Cited by 161
Castan‐Laurell, I., Šiklová, M., Daviaud, D., Dray, C., Kováčiková, M., Kováčová, Z., Hejnová, J., Štich, V., & Valet, P. (2008) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-08-0039 · Cited by 161
Self-citationMitochondrial Involvement and Impact in Aging Skeletal Muscle
Hepple, R. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00211 · Cited by 161
Functional dysregulation of stem cells during aging: a focus on skeletal muscle stem cells
García‐Prat, L., Sousa‐Victor, P., & Muñoz‐Cánoves, P. (2013) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.12221 · Cited by 152
Construction and analysis of compact muscle-specific promoters for AAV vectors
Wang, B., Li, J., Fu, F. H., Chen, C., Zhu, X., Zhou, L., Jiang, X. L., & Xiao, X. (2008) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2008.104 · Cited by 149
Stewart, V. H., Saunders, D. H., & Greig, C. A. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12123 · Cited by 144
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Physical Function in Healthy Older Men. Time to Talk Hormones?
Giannoulis, M. G., Martin, F. C., Nair, K. S., Umpleby, A. M., & Sonksen, P. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2012-1002 · Cited by 132
Emerging Roles of ROS/RNS in Muscle Function and Fatigue
Westerblad, H., & Allen, D. G. (2011) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2011.3909 · Cited by 130
Zhang, H., Gong, Y., Wang, Z., Jiang, L., Chen, R., Fan, X., Zhu, H.-M., Han, L., Li, X., Xiao, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.12208 · Cited by 115
Apelin protects myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol in rats
Jia, Y.-X., Pan, C., Zhang, J., Geng, B., Zhao, J., Gerns, H., Yang, J., Chang, J., Tang, C., & Qi, Y.-F. (2005) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2005.09.033 · Cited by 115
Snijders, T., Verdijk, L. B., Smeets, J. S. J., McKay, B. R., Senden, J. M., Hartgens, F., Parise, G., Greenhaff, P. L., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2014) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9699-z · Cited by 112
Apelin stimulates glucose uptake but not lipolysis in human adipose tissue ex vivo
Attané, C., Daviaud, D., Dray, C., Dusaulcy, R., Masseboeuf, M., Prévot, D., Carpéné, C., Castan‐Laurell, I., & Valet, P. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme-10-0105 · Cited by 109
Self-citationPasco, J. A., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Stupka, N., Brennan-Olsen, S. L., Holloway‐Kew, K. L., & Berk, M. (2015) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-015-0279-7 · Cited by 102
Analysis of Muscle Creatine Kinase Regulatory Elements in Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors
Hauser, M. A., Robinson, A. S., Hartigan-O’Connor, D. J., Williams-Gregory, D., Buskin, J. N., Apone, S., Kirk, C. J., Hardy, S. F., Hauschka, S. D., & Chamberlain, J. S. (2000) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1006/mthe.2000.0089 · Cited by 99
Frequency of sarcopenia and associated factors among hospitalized elderly patients
Martinez, B. P., Batista, A. K. M. S., Gomes, I. B., Olivieri, F. M., Camelier, F. W. R., & Camelier, A. A. (2015) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0570-x · Cited by 97
McMahon, C. D., Popović, L., Oldham, J. M., Jeanplong, F., Smith, H. K., Kambadur, R., Sharma, M., Maxwell, L., & Bass, J. J. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00275.2002 · Cited by 96
Rai, R., Ghosh, A. K., Eren, M., Mackie, A. R., Levine, D. C., Kim, S., Cedernaes, J., Ramirez, V., Procissi, D., Smith, L. H., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.057 · Cited by 94
Fujie, S. J., Sato, K., Miyamoto‐Mikami, E., Hasegawa, N., Fujita, S., Sanada, K., Hamaoka, T., & Iemitsu, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093545 · Cited by 79
Randomized Controlled Trials Involving Multidisciplinary Interventions in the Community
Pahor, M. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.5.472 · Cited by 73
Self-citationPapachristou, E., Ramsay, S. E., LENNON, L. T., Papacosta, O., Iliffe, S., Whincup, P. H., & Wannamethee, S. G. (2015) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0169-y · Cited by 73
Yamamoto, T., Habata, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Yasuhara, Y., Hashimoto, T., Hamajyo, H., Anayama, H., Fujii, R., Fuse, H., Shintani, Y., et al. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.05.004 · Cited by 72
Bertrand, C., Pignalosa, A., Wanecq, E., Rancoule, C., Batut, A., Deleruyelle, S., Lionetti, L., Valet, P., & Castan‐Laurell, I. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078874 · Cited by 66
Self-citationSnijders, T., Verdijk, L. B., Beelen, M., McKay, B. R., Parise, G., Kadi, F., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2012) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063313 · Cited by 66
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy
Xie, F., Liu, W., Feng, F., Li, X., He, L., Lv, D., Qin, X., Li, L., Li, L., & Chen, L. (2015) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gmv111 · Cited by 66
The Intestinal Glucose–Apelin Cycle Controls Carbohydrate Absorption in Mice
Dray, C., Sakar, Y., Vinel, C., Daviaud, D., Masri, B., Garrigues, L., Wanecq, E., Galvani, S., Nègre‐Salvayre, A., Barak, L. S., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.004 · Cited by 60
Self-citationPaturi, S., Gutta, A. K., Katta, A., Kakarla, S. K., Arvapalli, R. K., Gadde, M. K., Nalabotu, S. K., Rice, K. M., Wu, M., & Blough, E. (2010) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2010.01.008 · Cited by 54
Minetti, G., Feige, J. N., Bombard, F., Heier, A., Morvan, F., Nürnberg, B., Leiss, V., Birnbaumer, L., Glass, D. J., & Fornaro, M. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00957-13 · Cited by 47
Self-citationMyocardial Apelin Production is Reduced in Humans With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Chandrasekaran, B., Kalra, P. R., Donovan, J., Hooper, J., Clague, J. R., & McDonagh, T. A. (2010) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.02.004 · Cited by 39
Son, J. S., Kim, H., Son, Y., Lee, H., Chae, S. A., Seong, J. K., & Song, W. J. (2017) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25596 · Cited by 38
Muscle weakness during aging: a deficiency state involving declining angiogenesis
Ambrose, C. T. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.005 · Cited by 37
Jacobs, R. A., Díaz, V., Soldini, L., Haider, T., Thomassen, M., Nordsborg, N. B., Gassmann, M., & Lundby, C. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls335 · Cited by 37
Differentiation and fiber type-specific activity of a muscle creatine kinase intronic enhancer
Tai, P. W. L., Fisher-Aylor, K. I., Himeda, C. L., Smith, C. L., MacKenzie, A. P., Helterline, D., Angello, J. C., Welikson, R. E., Wold, B. J., & Hauschka, S. D. (2011) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/2044-5040-1-25 · Cited by 33
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., & Sayer, A. A. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31138-9 · Cited by 3,905
Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study
Justice, J. N., Nambiar, A. M., Tchkonia, T., LeBrasseur, N. K., Pascual, R., Hashmi, S. K., Prata, L., Masternak, M. M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Musi, N., et al. (2019) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.052 · Cited by 1,261
Exerkines in health, resilience and disease
Chow, L. S., Gerszten, R. E., Taylor, J. M., Pedersen, B. K., van Praag, H., Trappe, S., Febbraio, M. A., Galis, Z. S., Gao, Y., Haus, J. M., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2 · Cited by 927
Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty
Angulo, J., El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513 · Cited by 771
Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing
Sousa-Victor, P., García-Prat, L., & Muñoz-Cánoves, P. (2022) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-021-00421-2 · Cited by 476
Metadata
- Authors
- Vinel, C., Lukjanenko, L., Batut, A., Deleruyelle, S., Pradère, J.-P., Le Gonidec, S., Dortignac, A., Geoffre, N., Pereira, O., Karaz, S., Lee, U., Camus, M., Chaoui, K., Mouisel, E., Bigot, A., Mouly, V., Vigneau, M., Pagano, A. F., Chopard, A., Pillard, F., Guyonnet, S., Cesari, M., Burlet-Schiltz, O., Pahor, M., Feige, J. N., Vellas, B., Valet, P., & Dray, C.
- Affiliations
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (FR)
- Université de Montpellier (FR)
- University of Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2018-07-30
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1360-1371
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W2884388698
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 21.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- infoscience.epfl.ch
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE18-0022)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Apelin-related biomedical research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- apelin, sarcopenia, aging, skeletal muscle function, physical activity, apelin receptor, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, muscle stem cells, muscle regeneration, frailty, anti-inflammatory signaling, exerkines, muscle weakness
- MeSH terms
- Apelin, Apelin Receptors, Adenylate Kinase, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Animals, Organelle Biogenesis, Body Weight, Humans, Kinetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Regeneration, Protein Biosynthesis, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Weakness, Muscle Cells, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
