Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089

The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination

Stevens, B., Allen, N. J., Vazquez, L. E., Howell, G. R., Christopherson, K. S., Nouri, N., Micheva, K. D., Mehalow, A. K., Huberman, A. D., Stafford, B., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036 · Cited by 3,313

Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm

Hochberg, L. R., Bacher, D., Jarosiewicz, B., Masse, N. Y., Simeral, J. D., Vogel, J., Haddadin, S., Liu, J., Cash, S. S., van der Smagt, P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11076 · Cited by 2,719

Targeting Recovery: Priorities of the Spinal Cord-Injured Population

Anderson, K. D. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1371 · Cited by 2,094

Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain

Holtmaat, A., & Svoboda, K. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2699 · Cited by 1,934

Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration

Anderson, M. A., Burda, J. E., Ren, Y., Ao, Y., O’Shea, T. M., Kawaguchi, R., Coppola, G., Khakh, B. S., Deming, T. J., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17623 · Cited by 1,851

High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia

Collinger, J. L., Wodlinger, B., Downey, J. E., Wang, W., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Weber, D. J., McMorland, A. J., Velliste, M., Boninger, M. L., & Schwartz, A. B. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61816-9 · Cited by 1,848

Thrombospondins are astrocyte-secreted proteins that promote CNS synaptogenesis

Christopherson, K. S., Ullian, E. M., Stokes, C. C. A., Mullowney, C. E., Hell, J. W., Agah, A., Lawler, J., Mosher, D. F., Bornstein, P., & Barres, B. A. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.020 · Cited by 1,688

Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway

Park, K. K., Liu, K., Hu, Y., Smith, P. D., Wang, C., Cai, B., Xu, B., Connolly, L., Kramvis, I., Sahin, M., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1161566 · Cited by 1,686

Reactive Gliosis and the Multicellular Response to CNS Damage and Disease

Burda, J. E., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.034 · Cited by 1,500

Recovery of Volitional Motor Control and Overground Walking in Participants With Chronic Clinically Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Restoration of Rehabilitative Function With Epidural Spinal Stimulation (RESTORES) Trial—A Preliminary Study

Wan, K. R., Ng, Z.-Y. V., Wee, S. K., Misbaah, F., Lui, W. L., Phua, M. W., So, Q. Y. R., Maszczyk, T. K., Premchand, B., Saffari, S. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0265 · Cited by 22

Electrical Stimulation for Nervous System Injury: Research Progress and Prospects

Shan, Y., Feng, H., & Li, Z. (2020) · Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica · doi:10.3866/pku.whxb202005038 · Cited by 20

Exploring the potential of RhoA inhibitors to improve exercise-recoverable spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Luo, M., Li, Y. Q., Lu, Y. F., Wu, Y., Liu, R., Zheng, Y. R., & Yin, M. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101879 · Cited by 20

Daily electric field treatment improves functional outcomes after thoracic contusion spinal cord injury in rats

Harland, B. C., Matter, L., López, S. G., Fackelmeier, B., Hazelgrove, B., Meissner, S., O’Carroll, S. J., Raos, B. J., Asplund, M., & Svirskis, D. M. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60332-0 · Cited by 21

Brain-Computer Interface, Neuromodulation, and Neurorehabilitation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury

Cajigas, I., & Vedantam, A. (2021) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2021.03.012 · Cited by 23

Overground gait kinematics and muscle activation patterns in the Yucatan mini pig

Mirkiani, S., Roszko, D. A., O’Sullivan, C. L., Faridi, P., Hu, D. S., Fang, D., Everaert, D. G., Toossi, A., Konrad, P. E., Robinson, K. D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac55ac · Cited by 18

Binary scaffold facilitates in situ regeneration of axons and neurons for complete spinal cord injury repair

Liu, D., Shu, M., Liu, W., Shen, Y., Long, G., Zhao, Y., Hou, X., Xiao, Z., Dai, J., & Li, X. (2021) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d0bm02212h · Cited by 19

Upregulation of Apol8 by Epothilone D facilitates the neuronal relay of transplanted NSCs in spinal cord injury

Xue, W., Zhang, H., Fan, Y., Xiao, Z., Zhao, Y., Liu, W., Bai, X., Yin, Y., Chen, B., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02375-w · Cited by 19

Circadian clock regulator Bmal1 gates axon regeneration via Tet3 epigenetics in mouse sensory neurons

Halawani, D., Wang, Y., Ramakrishnan, A., Estill, M. S., He, X., Shen, L., Friedel, R. H., & Zou, H. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40816-7 · Cited by 20

Engineered Living Oriented Electrospun Fibers Regulate Stem Cell Para‐Secretion and Differentiation to Promote Spinal Cord Repair

Xu, J., Xi, K., Tang, J., Wang, J., Tang, Y., Wu, L., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Chen, L., Cui, W., et al. (2022) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202202785 · Cited by 19

Combining long-term circuit mapping and network transcriptomics with SiR-N2c

Lee, H., Ciabatti, E., González-Rueda, A., Williams, E., Nugent, F., Mookerjee, S., Morgese, F., & Tripodi, M. (2023) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-023-01787-1 · Cited by 18

Co-Delivery of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor from Electrospun Aligned Core–Shell Fibrous Membranes in Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Liu, Z., Huang, Y.-C., Kuo, C., Chuang, C., Chen, C., Chen, N.-Y., Yip, P. K., & Chen, J. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020321 · Cited by 17

Hypergravity Attenuates Reactivity in Primary Murine Astrocytes

Lichterfeld, Y., Kalinski, L., Schunk, S., Schmakeit, T., Feles, S., Frett, T., Herrmann, H. O., Hemmersbach, R., & Liemersdorf, C. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081966 · Cited by 17

Next generation of neurological therapeutics: Native and bioengineered extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells

Jin, S., Lv, Z., Kang, L., Wang, J., Tan, C., Shen, L., Wang, L., & Liu, J. (2022) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2022.10.002 · Cited by 18

Htr2b Promotes M1 Microglia Polarization and Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury via Inhibition of Neuregulin-1/ErbB Signaling

Chen, W., Gao, X., Yang, W., Xiao, X., Pan, X., & Li, H. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03656-6 · Cited by 17

Interfacing Neuron-Motor Pathways with Stretchable and Biocompatible Electrode Arrays

Jiang, Z., Zhu, M. J., & Chen, X. (2024) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00215 · Cited by 18

Click chemistry-conjugated protein-drug micelles with anti-ferroptotic and anti-inflammatory properties promote regeneration in spinal cord injury

Zhou, P., Zhang, X., Xin, X., Yang, J., Pan, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Yu, X., Li, Z., Jiao, G., et al. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.132118 · Cited by 17

Reverse Adverse Immune Microenvironments by Biomaterials Enhance the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury

Wang, H., Xia, Y., Li, B., Li, Y., & Fu, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.812340 · Cited by 17

Combination therapy using nanomaterials and stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries

Zarepour, A., Bal‐Öztürk, A., Irmak, D. K., Yaşayan, G., Gökmen, A., Karaöz, E., Zarepour, A., Zarrabi, A., & Mostafavi, E. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.004 · Cited by 18

Femtosecond laser microdissection for isolation of regenerating C. elegans neurons for single-cell RNA sequencing

Zhao, P., Mondal, S., Martin, C., DuPlissis, A., Chizari, S., Ma, K.-Y., Maiya, R., Messing, R. O., Jiang, N. J., & Ben‐Yakar, A. (2023) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-023-01804-3 · Cited by 16

Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits ferroptosis in spinal cord injury by regulating iron metabolism through the NRF2/ARE pathway

Tao, J., Zhou, J., Zhu, H., Xu, L., Yang, J., Mu, X., & Fan, X. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1503064 · Cited by 16

The Dorsal Root Ganglion as a Novel Neuromodulatory Target to Evoke Strong and Reproducible Motor Responses in Chronic Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series of Five Patients

Soloukey, S., de Rooij, J. D., Osterthun, R., Drenthen, J., Zeeuw, C. I. D., Huygen, F. J. P. M., & Harhangi, B. S. (2020) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13235 · Cited by 16

Engineering Topographical Cues to Enhance Neural Regeneration in Spinal Cord Injury: Overcoming Challenges and Advancing Therapies

Xu, W., Wang, F., Stein, J., Wang, S., Jiang, P., Yang, L., Cheng, L., & Lee, K. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202508435 · Cited by 15

Neuroinflammation and apoptosis after surgery for a rat model of double-level cervical cord compression

Yao, M., Gan, L., Pu, P., Zhou, L., Li, Z.-Y., Liu, S., Sng, K. S., Zheng, Z., Song, Y.-J., Zhu, K., et al. (2022) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105340 · Cited by 15

Genetically engineered electrospinning contributes to spinal cord injury repair by regulating the immune microenvironment

Sun, Y., Wu, J., Zhou, L., Wang, W., Wang, H., Sun, S., Xu, Y., Zhang, L., Jiang, X., Zhu, G., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1415527 · Cited by 15

Highly Sensitive Microstructure-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor for Quantitative Evaluation of Motor Function Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Yang, D., Yang, W. M., Li, L., Zhou, K., Hao, M., Feng, X., Zhang, T., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19214673 · Cited by 14

Transplantation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury Based on Microenvironment Modulation

Shu, J., Cheng, F., Gong, Z., Ying, L., Wang, C., Yu, C., Zhou, X., Xiao, M., Wang, J., Xia, K., et al. (2020) · Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.2174/1574888x15666200421112622 · Cited by 15

Acute Implantation of a Bioresorbable Polymer Scaffold in Patients With Complete Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial (INSPIRE 2.0)

Harrop, J. S., Kim, K. D., Okonkwo, D. O., Goldstein, I. M., Lee, K. S., & Toselli, R. M. (2024) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000003180 · Cited by 14

Harnessing spinal circuit reorganization for targeted functional recovery after spinal cord injury

Sun, X., Li, L., Huang, L., Li, Y., Wang, L., & Wei, Q. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106854 · Cited by 16

Lipid Droplets Metabolism Mediated by ANXA7‐PPARγ Signaling Axis Regulates Spinal Cord Injury Repair in Mice

Lu, C., Liu, H., Jiang, L., Wang, Z., Chang, Y., Li, N., & Feng, S. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202417326 · Cited by 17

Targeting Microglia Extracellular Traps via an “Internal‐External” Synergistic Strategy to Reshape the Dysregulated Microglia‐Neuron Axis for Spinal Cord Injury Recovery

Fang, N., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Xiao, J., Zhang, H., Zhou, K., Li, Y., & Yang, L. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202519846 · Cited by 15

Epidural Spinal Electrogram Provides Direct Spinal Recordings in Awake Human Participants

Burke, J. F., Kunwar, N., Yaroshinsky, M. S., Louie, K. H., Shirvalkar, P. R., Su, P., Henry, M., Pasvankas, G. W., Poree, L. R., Jacques, L. G., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.721076 · Cited by 15

Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel scaffold loaded with activated Schwann cells attenuates apoptosis and promotes functional recovery following spinal cord injury

Liu, Y., Yu, H., Yu, P., Peng, P., Li, C., Xiang, Z., & Ban, D. (2023) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2023.11843 · Cited by 14

Adult spinal cord tissue transplantation combined with local tacrolimus sustained‐release collagen hydrogel promotes complete spinal cord injury repair

Zhao, X., Gu, R., Zhao, Y., Wei, F., Gao, X., Zhuang, Y., Xiao, Z., Shen, H., & Dai, J. (2023) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.13451 · Cited by 14

Longitudinal multiparametric MRI of traumatic spinal cord injury in animal models

Chen, L. M., Wang, F., Mishra, A., Yang, P., Sengupta, A., Reed, J. L., & Gore, J. C. (2023) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2023.06.007 · Cited by 15

Contribution of ApoB-100/SORT1-Mediated Immune Microenvironment in Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Ferroptosis After Spinal Cord Injury

Wu, C., Ji, C., Qian, D., Li, C., Chen, J., Zhang, J., Bao, G., Xu, G., & Cui, Z. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-03956-5 · Cited by 14

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new drug carrier for the treatment of spinal cord injury: A review

Cheng, L., You, C.-Q., Cheng, P., Ren, J.-J., Guo, K., & Liu, T. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Traumatology · doi:10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.03.009 · Cited by 16

A Review of Different Stimulation Methods for Functional Reconstruction and Comparison of Respiratory Function after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Chang, J., Shen, D., Wang, Y., Wang, N., & Liang, Y. (2020) · Applied Bionics and Biomechanics · doi:10.1155/2020/8882430 · Cited by 13

Magnetically Guided Catheters, Micro- and Nanorobots for Spinal Cord Stimulation

Torlakcik, H., Sarica, C., Bayer, P., Yamamoto, K., Iorio‐Morin, C., Hodaie, M., Kalia, S. K., Neimat, J. S., Hernesniemi, J. A., Bhatia, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurorobotics · doi:10.3389/fnbot.2021.749024 · Cited by 16

Biomimetic Electrospun PLLA/PPSB Nanofibrous Scaffold Combined with Human Neural Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Dai, Y. Q., Wang, W., Zhou, X., li, L., Tang, Y., Shao, M., & Lyu, F. (2023) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c00374 · Cited by 14

Modeling chronic cervical spinal cord injury in aged rats for cell therapy studies

Martín-López, M., González-Muñoz, E., Gómez-González, E., Sánchez‐Pernaute, R., Márquez-Rivas, J., & Fernández‐Muñoz, B. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.042 · Cited by 14

Respiratory plasticity following spinal cord injury: perspectives from mouse to man

Locke, K. C., Randelman, M. L., Hoh, D. J., Zholudeva, L. V., & Lane, M. A. (2022) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.335839 · Cited by 14

GPX4 activator enhances neuroprotection and functional recovery in spinal cord injury

Liu, X., Pang, Y., Fan, B., Zhang, J., Liu, S., Deng, X., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Translation · doi:10.1016/j.jot.2025.03.013 · Cited by 13

Multichannel 3D-Printed Bioactive Scaffold Combined with Small Interfering RNA Delivery to Promote Neurological Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Ye, J., Li, F., Wen, Z., He, J., Pan, G., Zhai, X., Song, L., Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Yao, X., et al. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0951 · Cited by 15

Toxic aldehyde-scavenging polypeptides mitigate secondary injury after spinal cord injury

Liu, Y., Lin, F., Zhang, T., Wu, C., Liu, W., Wang, H., Xiao, C., & Chen, X. (2023) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-022-2409-4 · Cited by 13

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Prevents Endothelial Necroptosis to Alleviate Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Disruption After Spinal Cord Injury

Chen, H., Feng, Z., Min, L., Tan, M., Zhang, D., Gong, Q., Liu, H., & Hou, J. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03477-7 · Cited by 13

The role of Patient and public involvement (PPI) in pre-clinical spinal cord research: An interview study

Carroll, P., Dervan, A. G., McCarthy, C., Woods, I., Beirne, C., Harte, G., O’Flynn, D., O’Connor, C., McGuire, T. K., Leahy, L. M., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301626 · Cited by 12

Dynamic cell interactions allow spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish

Becker, T., & Becker, C. G. (2020) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2020.01.009 · Cited by 13

Ulinastatin attenuates spinal cord injury by targeting AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway

Guo, R., Gao, S., Feng, Y., Mao, C., & Sheng, W. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102145 · Cited by 13

LZK-dependent stimulation of astrocyte reactivity promotes corticospinal axon sprouting

Chen, M., Ingle, L., Plautz, E. J., Kong, X., Tang, R., Ghosh, N., Romprey, M. K., Fenske, W. K., & Goldberg, M. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.969261 · Cited by 13

Biomimetic Hierarchical Nanocomposite Hydrogels: From Design to Biomedical Applications

Yao, Z., Xu, J., Shen, J., Qin, L., & Yuan, W. (2022) · Journal of Composites Science · doi:10.3390/jcs6110340 · Cited by 14

Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used clinically, improves bladder function in a mouse model of moderate spinal cord injury

Ma, L., Tang, J., Zhou, J.-Y., Zhou, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, P., Qiu, Y., Wang, Y., & Gu, X.-J. (2021) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.308667 · Cited by 13

Therapeutic effects of Tetanus neurotoxin in spinal cord injury: a case series on four dogs

Hesse, S., Kutschenko, A., Bryl, B., Deutschland, M., & Liebetanz, D. (2020) · Spinal Cord Series and Cases · doi:10.1038/s41394-020-0258-9 · Cited by 14

Corticospinal circuit neuroplasticity may involve silent synapses: Implications for functional recovery facilitated by neuromodulation after spinal cord injury

Chen, M., Chen, Z., Xiao, X., Zhou, L., Fu, R., Jiang, X., Pang, M., & Xia, J. (2022) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.005 · Cited by 15

Spinal cord stimulation for spinal cord injury – Where do we stand? A narrative review

Mundra, A., Kalidindi, K. K. V., Chhabra, H. S., & Manghwani, J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma · doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2023.102210 · Cited by 14

Functional Polyphenol-Based Nanoparticles Boosted the Neuroprotective Effect of Riluzole for Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Yuan, T., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Ye, F., Gu, Z., Li, Y., & Xu, J. (2024) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00173 · Cited by 12

Hydrogen Sulfide can Scavenge Free Radicals to Improve Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting the p38MAPK/mTOR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Lin, K., Zhang, Y., Shen, Y., Xu, Y., Huang, M., & Liu, X. (2024) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-024-08794-1 · Cited by 13

Advances in Novel Biomaterial-Based Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment

Zhang, N., Hu, J., Liu, W., Cai, W., Xu, Y., Wang, X., Li, S., & Ru, B. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01104 · Cited by 12

The Key to Spinal Cord Recovery: Harnessing p21 Inhibition to Boost Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation

Xiong, T., Xiao, X., Zhao, H., Yang, W. J., Gao, X., Yang, K., Zheng, K., Ji, Y., Xu, D., Fu, R., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c05512 · Cited by 12

CircTYW1 serves as a sponge for microRNA-380 in accelerating neurological recovery following spinal cord injury via regulating FGF9

Sun, Y., Zhou, Y., Shi, X., Ma, X., Peng, X., Xie, Y., & Cao, X. (2021) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2021.1962634 · Cited by 12

SVR modelling of mechanomyographic signals predicts neuromuscular stimulation-evoked knee torque in paralyzed quadriceps muscles undergoing knee extension exercise

Ibitoye, M. O., Hamzaid, N. A., Wahab, A. K. A., Hasnan, N., Olatunji, S. O., & Davis, G. M. (2020) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103614 · Cited by 12

FBW7 protects against spinal cord injury by mitigating inflammation-associated neuronal apoptosis in mice

Chen, M., Gao, Y., Li, W., Wang, J., He, Y.-P., Li, Z., Gan, G.-S., & Yuan, B. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.071 · Cited by 12

Reactive oxygen species targeted biomaterials for spinal cord injury therapy

Zuo, Y., Ying, Y., Huang, Z., Shen, J., Li, X., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Brain‐X · doi:10.1002/brx2.32 · Cited by 11

Combinatorial strategies for cell transplantation in traumatic spinal cord injury

Jagrit, V., Koffler, J. Y., & Dulin, J. N. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1349446 · Cited by 11

Epigenetic Cross-Talk Between Sirt1 and Dnmt1 Promotes Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury in Zebrafish

Gupta, S., & Hui, S. P. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04408-w · Cited by 11

Hybrid hydrogels containing gradients in gold nanoparticles for localized delivery of mesenchymal stem cells and enhanced nerve tissues remodeling in vivo

Gao, J., Zhou, Y., Xu, G., Wei, Z., Ding, L., Zhang, W., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101411 · Cited by 11

Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: a new therapy approach in neurological diseases

Wang, M., Chen, D., Pan, R., Sun, Y., He, X., Qiu, Y.-Y., Hu, Y., Wu, X., Xi, X., Hu, R., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1548206 · Cited by 11

Exosome-based regenerative rehabilitation: A novel ice breaker for neurological disorders

Wang, Y., Cheng, J., Liu, Y., Wang, Y.-P., Yang, Q., & Zhou, N. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115920 · Cited by 11

Identification and analysis of spinal cord injury subtypes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis

Chen, Q., Zhao, Z., Yin, G., Yang, C., Wang, D., Feng, Z., & Ta, N. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-21-340 · Cited by 11

Signal control during tissue regeneration in adult animals

Bangru, S., Diegmiller, R., Talia, S. D., & Poss, K. D. (2025) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-025-00917-1 · Cited by 11

The Application of Biomaterial‐Based Spinal Cord Tissue Engineering

Ma, L., Zhang, Z., Mu, Y., Liu, B., Zhou, H., & Wang, D. (2024) · Macromolecular Bioscience · doi:10.1002/mabi.202400444 · Cited by 10

Characterizing progenitor cells in developing and injured spinal cord: Insights from single-nucleus transcriptomics and lineage tracing

Zhang, Q., Wu, X., Fan, Y., Zhang, H., Yin, M., Xue, X., Yin, Y., Chen, J., Quan, R., Jiang, P., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2413140122 · Cited by 12

Single‐Cell Multi‐omics Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury Blocking via Cerium‐doped Upconversion Antioxidant Nanoenzymes

Wang, K., Zheng, J., Li, R., Chen, T., Ma, Y., Wu, P., Luo, J., Zhu, J., Lin, W., Zhao, M., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202412526 · Cited by 12

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Antler Blastema Progenitor Cells: A Therapeutic Choice for Spinal Cord Injury

Yang, S., Xue, B., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Yu, B., Li, S., Ma, T., Gao, X. J., Hao, Y., Guo, L., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c10298 · Cited by 10

Self‐Enhancing Drug Pair‐Driven Selenium Nanotherapeutics Reverses Microglial Pyroptosis Through NLRP3/Caspase‐1 Pathway and Neuronal Apoptosis for Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Liu, J., Mai, L., Tan, A., Du, Y., Luo, J., Xu, S., Rao, S., Chen, S., Su, G., Chen, T., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202503505 · Cited by 10

Fast inference of spinal neuromodulation for motor control using amortized neural networks

Govindarajan, L. N., Calvert, J. S., Parker, S. R., Jung, M., Darie, R., Miranda, P., Shaaya, E. A., Borton, D. A., & Serre, T. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac9646 · Cited by 10

Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold seeded with adipose-derived stem cells promotes neurorestoration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulation

Su, X., Teng, M., Zhang, Y., & Ji, W. (2023) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/ad0fa1 · Cited by 10

Adult neurogenesis of the median eminence contributes to structural reconstruction and recovery of body fluid metabolism in hypothalamic self-repair after pituitary stalk lesion

Ou, Y., Zhou, M., Che, M., Gong, H., Wu, G., Peng, J., Li, K., Yang, R., Wang, X., Zhang, X., et al. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04457-1 · Cited by 10

Therapeutic Effect of Biomimetic Scaffold Loaded with Human Amniotic Epithelial Cell-Derived Neural-like Cells for Spinal Cord Injury

Qiu, C., Sun, Y., Li, J., Xu, Y., Zhou, J., Qiu, C., Zhang, S., He, Y., & Yu, L. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9100535 · Cited by 10

Anp32a Promotes Neuronal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury of Zebrafish Embryos

Lee, H., Lai, W.-L., Lin, C., Zeng, C., Sheu, J., Chou, T.-B., & Tsai, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415921 · Cited by 10

A fresh look at propriospinal interneurons plasticity and intraspinal circuits remodeling after spinal cord injury

Cheng, J., & Guan, N. N. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.04.001 · Cited by 9

Fucosyltransferase 9 promotes neuronal differentiation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury by suppressing the activation of Notch signaling

Chen, J., Zeng, X., Zhang, W., Li, G., Zhong, H., Xu, C., Li, X., & Lin, T. (2023) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2023138 · Cited by 9

Voluntary walking related joint movement training with targeted epidural electrical stimulation enabled neural recovery for individuals with spinal cord injury

Zhang, X., Lu, Y., Zhang, B., Li, H., Yao, Q., Lim, J., Wei, Y., He, K., Zuo, C., Sui, Y., et al. (2024) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.036 · Cited by 9

Sodium butyrate alleviates spinal cord injury via inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis

Cui, Y., Cen, Q., Feng, J., Wei, J., Wang, L., Chang, C., Pang, R., Wang, J., & Zhang, A. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01589-8 · Cited by 9

Large Language Models’ Responses to Spinal Cord Injury: A Comparative Study of Performance

Li, J., Chang, C., Li, Y., Cui, S., Yuan, F., Li, Z., Wang, X., Li, K., Feng, Y., Wang, Z., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-025-02170-7 · Cited by 9

Advances in Neuromodulation and Digital Brain–Spinal Cord Interfaces for Spinal Cord Injury

Jaszczuk, P., Bratelj, D., Capone, C., Rudnick, M., Pötzel, T., Verma, R. K., & Fiechter, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136021 · Cited by 11

Nanogel Integrated Zwitterionic Injectable Hydrogel with Sequential Drug‐Releasing Capability for the Programmable Repair of Spinal Cord Injury

Wei, Z., Huang, S., Zhang, W., Wen, J., Zhou, X., He, W., Yang, X., Wang, H., Zhai, G., Shi, B., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202510976 · Cited by 10

Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via the PI3K/AKT Pathway

Yang, H., Liang, C., Luo, J., Liu, X., Wang, W., Zheng, K., Luo, D., Hou, Y., Guo, D., Lin, D., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8 · Cited by 9

Application of Adipose Extracellular Matrix and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Verstappen, K., Bieler, L., Barroca, N., Bronkhorst, E. M., Couillard‐Després, S., Leeuwenburgh, S. C. G., Marques, P. A. A. P., Klymov, A., & Walboomers, X. F. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202402775 · Cited by 9

Protocol for rapid onset of mobilisation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (PROMPT-SCI) study: a single-arm proof-of-concept trial of early in-bed leg cycling following acute traumatic spinal cord injury

Mac‐Thiong, J., Richard‐Denis, A., Petit, Y., Bernard, F., Barthélemy, D., Dionne, A., & Magnuson, D. S. K. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049884 · Cited by 10

An electroceutical approach enhances myelination via upregulation of lipid biosynthesis in the dorsal root ganglion

Intisar, A., Kim, W., Shin, H. Y., Kim, M. Y., Kim, Y. S., Lim, H., Kang, H. G., Mo, Y. J., Aly, M. A. S., Lee, Y., et al. (2021) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ac457c · Cited by 9

Mapping the Long Rocky Road to Effective Spinal Cord Injury Therapy: A Meta-Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research

Estrada, V., Oldenburg, E., Popa, O., & Müller, H. W. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0298 · Cited by 9

Using Network Pharmacology to Systematically Decipher the Potential Mechanisms of Jisuikang in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Li, S., Shao, Y., Chen, H., & Wang, J. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/4932153 · Cited by 9

TRIM32 Inhibits NEK7 Ubiquitylation-Dependent Microglia Pyroptosis After Spinal Cord Injury

Yu, J., Feng, D., Bao, L., & Zhang, B. (2023) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-023-00989-4 · Cited by 8

Photobiomodulation regulates inflammation and autophagy in spinal cord injury through NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β pathway by targeting TLR2

Zuo, X., Ju, C., Zhang, Z., Wei, X., Ma, Y., Song, Z., Zhang, J., Luo, L., Zhu, Z., Wang, Z., et al. (2025) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2025.03.014 · Cited by 8

Nervous System Repair and Immunity: Chiral Effects of Biomimetic Self‐Assembled Neuropeptide Hydrogels

Zhou, X., Guo, Y., Wei, Y., Cheng, H., Wu, A., Wang, X., Chen, L., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202503576 · Cited by 8

Genetic control of neuronal activity enhances axonal growth only on permissive substrates

Mesquida-Veny, F., Martínez‐Torres, S., del Rı́o, J. A., & Hervera, A. (2022) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-022-00524-2 · Cited by 8

Upregulation of UBR1 m6A Methylation by METTL14 Inhibits Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury

Wang, C., Zhu, X., Chen, R., Zhang, X., & Lian, N. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0338-22.2023 · Cited by 8

Recovery of Spinal Walking in Paraplegic Dogs Using Physiotherapy and Supportive Devices to Maintain the Standing Position

Henea, M. E., Sindilar, E. V., BURTAN, L. C., Mihai, I., Grecu, M., Anton, A., & Solcan, G. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13081398 · Cited by 8

Regenerative and Repair Strategies for the Central Nervous System: Progress in Basic and Clinical Research on Spinal Cord Injury

Sandoval, A., & Chen, B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68237-7_53

Spinal Cord Regeneration

Verma, P., & Fawcett, J. W. (2005) · Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology · doi:10.1007/b99999 · Cited by 34

Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Hu, X., Xu, W., Ren, Y., Wang, Z., He, X., Huang, R., Ma, B., Zhao, J., Zhu, R., & Cheng, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01477-6 · Cited by 840

Emerging strategies for spinal cord injury repair: stem cells, extracellular vesicles, biomaterials, and neuromodulation

Wu, B., Ying, X., Dou, J., Zhang, H., Chen, C., Feng, J., Zhang, J., Tang, B., Wu, L., Dong, L., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1870955 · Cited by 1

Miracles and molecules—progress in spinal cord repair

Blight, A. R. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn939 · Cited by 96