Spinal cord repair: advances in biology and technology

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089

The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination

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Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm

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Targeting Recovery: Priorities of the Spinal Cord-Injured Population

Anderson, K. D. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1371 · Cited by 2,094

Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain

Holtmaat, A., & Svoboda, K. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2699 · Cited by 1,934

Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration

Anderson, M. A., Burda, J. E., Ren, Y., Ao, Y., O’Shea, T. M., Kawaguchi, R., Coppola, G., Khakh, B. S., Deming, T. J., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17623 · Cited by 1,851

High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia

Collinger, J. L., Wodlinger, B., Downey, J. E., Wang, W., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Weber, D. J., McMorland, A. J., Velliste, M., Boninger, M. L., & Schwartz, A. B. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61816-9 · Cited by 1,848

Thrombospondins are astrocyte-secreted proteins that promote CNS synaptogenesis

Christopherson, K. S., Ullian, E. M., Stokes, C. C. A., Mullowney, C. E., Hell, J. W., Agah, A., Lawler, J., Mosher, D. F., Bornstein, P., & Barres, B. A. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.020 · Cited by 1,688

Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway

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Reactive Gliosis and the Multicellular Response to CNS Damage and Disease

Burda, J. E., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.034 · Cited by 1,500

Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation

Sofroniew, M. V. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3898 · Cited by 1,202

Dynamic Sensorimotor Interactions in Locomotion

Rossignol, S., Dubuc, R., & Gossard, J.-P. (2006) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2005 · Cited by 1,096

The injured spinal cord spontaneously forms a new intraspinal circuit in adult rats

Bareyre, F. M., Kerschensteiner, M., Raineteau, O., Mettenleiter, T. C., Weinmann, O., & Schwab, M. E. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1195 · Cited by 1,088

Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury

Wagner, F. B., Mignardot, J.-B., Le Goff-Mignardot, C. G., Demesmaeker, R., Komi, S., Capogrosso, M., Rowald, A., Seáñez, I., Caban, M., Pirondini, E., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0649-2 · Cited by 1,087

Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces

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PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons

Liu, K., Lü, Y., Lee, J. K., Samara, R. F., Willenberg, R., Sears‐Kraxberger, I., Tedeschi, A., Park, K. K., Jin, D., Cai, B., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2603 · Cited by 987

Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

Chen, Q., Boire, A., Jin, X., Valiente, M., Er, E. E., Lopez-Soto, A., S. Jacob, L., Patwa, R., Shah, H., Xu, K., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18268 · Cited by 969

Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury

Assinck, P., Duncan, G. J., Hilton, B. J., Plemel, J. R., & Tetzlaff, W. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4541 · Cited by 960

STAT3 is a Critical Regulator of Astrogliosis and Scar Formation after Spinal Cord Injury

Herrmann, J. E., Imura, T., Song, B., Qi, J., Ao, Y., Nguyen, T. K., Korsak, R. A., Takeda, K., Akira, S., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1709-08.2008 · Cited by 958

Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia

Bouton, C. E., Shaikhouni, A., Annetta, N. V., Bockbrader, M. A., Friedenberg, D. A., Nielson, D. M., Sharma, G., Sederberg, P. B., Glenn, B. C., Mysiw, W. J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17435 · Cited by 924

Biological Pattern Generation: The Cellular and Computational Logic of Networks in Motion

Grillner, S. E. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.008 · Cited by 920

Long-Distance Growth and Connectivity of Neural Stem Cells after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Lu, P., Wang, Y., Graham, L., McHale, K., Gao, M., Wu, D., Brock, J., Blesch, A., Rosenzweig, E. S., Havton, L. A., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.020 · Cited by 908

Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials

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Neural stem cells constitutively secrete neurotrophic factors and promote extensive host axonal growth after spinal cord injury

Lu, P., Jones, L. L., Snyder, E. Y., & Tuszynski, M. H. (2003) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00037-2 · Cited by 869

LOCOMOTOR CIRCUITS IN THE MAMMALIAN SPINAL CORD

Kiehn, O. (2006) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112910 · Cited by 868

Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: a proof-of-concept demonstration

Ajiboye, A. B., Willett, F. R., Young, D. R., Memberg, W. D., Murphy, B. A., Miller, J. P., Walter, B. L., Sweet, J. A., Hoyen, H. A., Keith, M. W., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30601-3 · Cited by 862

A Pericyte Origin of Spinal Cord Scar Tissue

Göritz, C., Dias, D. O., Tomilin, N., Barbacid, M., Shupliakov, O., & Frisén, J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1203165 · Cited by 858

The cellular inflammatory response in human spinal cords after injury

Fleming, J. C., Norenberg, M. D., Ramsay, D. A., Dekaban, G. A., Marcillo, A. E., Saenz, A. D., Pasquale-Styles, M., Dietrich, W. D., & Weaver, L. C. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl296 · Cited by 847

Plasticity of motor systems after incomplete spinal cord injury

Raineteau, O., & Schwab, M. E. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35067570 · Cited by 825

Restoring Voluntary Control of Locomotion after Paralyzing Spinal Cord Injury

van den Brand, R., Heutschi, J., Barraud, Q., DiGiovanna, J., Bartholdi, K., Huerlimann, M., Friedli, L., Vollenweider, I., Moraud, E. M., Duis, S., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1217416 · Cited by 767

Astrocyte glypicans 4 and 6 promote formation of excitatory synapses via GluA1 AMPA receptors

Allen, N. J., Bennett, M. L., Foo, L. C., Wang, G. X., Chakraborty, C., Smith, S. J., & Barres, B. A. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11059 · Cited by 764

Sustained axon regeneration induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3

Sun, F., Park, K. K., Belin, S., Wang, D., Lu, T., Chen, G., Zhang, K., Yeung, C., Feng, G., Yankner, B. A., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10594 · Cited by 754

Altering spinal cord excitability enables voluntary movements after chronic complete paralysis in humans

Angeli, C. A., Edgerton, V. R., Gerasimenko, Y. P., & Harkema, S. J. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu038 · Cited by 750

Materials and technologies for soft implantable neuroprostheses

Lacour, S. P., Courtine, G., & Guck, J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.63 · Cited by 738

National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical CenterPreprint

Chen, Y. (2018) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/np24c · Cited by 732

Recovery of supraspinal control of stepping via indirect propriospinal relay connections after spinal cord injury

Courtine, G., Song, B., Roy, R. R., Zhong, H., Herrmann, J. E., Ao, Y., Qi, J., Edgerton, V. R., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1682 · Cited by 730

cAMP and Schwann cells promote axonal growth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

Pearse, D. D., Pereira, F. C., Marcillo, A. E., Bates, M. L., Berrocal, Y. A., Filbin, M. T., & Bunge, M. B. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1056 · Cited by 729

Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input

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Intracortical microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex

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Regeneration of Dorsal Column Fibers into and beyond the Lesion Site following Adult Spinal Cord Injury

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Intrinsic Control of Axon Regeneration

He, Z., & Jin, Y. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.022 · Cited by 654

Control of excitatory CNS synaptogenesis by astrocyte-secreted proteins Hevin and SPARC

Kucukdereli, H., Allen, N. J., Lee, A. T., Feng, A., Ozlu, M. I., Conatser, L. M., Chakraborty, C., Workman, G., Weaver, M., Sage, E. H., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104977108 · Cited by 642

A brain–spine interface alleviating gait deficits after spinal cord injury in primates

Capogrosso, M., Milekovic, T., Borton, D., Wagner, F., Moraud, E. M., Mignardot, J.-B., Buse, N., Gandar, J., Barraud, Q., Xing, D., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20118 · Cited by 635

The Pathology of Human Spinal Cord Injury: Defining the Problems

Norenberg, M. D., Smith, J., & Marcillo, A. E. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771504323004575 · Cited by 634

Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons

Moritz, C. T., Perlmutter, S. I., & Fetz, E. E. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07418 · Cited by 610

Cell biology of spinal cord injury and repair

O’Shea, T. M., Burda, J. E., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90608 · Cited by 598

Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia

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PLASTICITY OF THE SPINAL NEURAL CIRCUITRY AFTER INJURY

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Required growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury

Anderson, M. A., O’Shea, T. M., Burda, J. E., Ao, Y., Barlatey, S. L., Bernstein, A. M., Kim, J. H., James, N. D., Rogers, A. D., Kato, B., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0467-6 · Cited by 528

Peripheral injury enhances central regeneration of primary sensory neurones

Richardson, P. M., & Issa, V. M. K. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/309791a0 · Cited by 494

Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles

Ethier, C., Oby, E. R., Bauman, M. J., & Miller, L. E. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10987 · Cited by 485

Chondroitinase ABC treatment opens a window of opportunity for task-specific rehabilitation

García‐Alías, G., Barkhuysen, S., Buckle, M., & Fawcett, J. W. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2377 · Cited by 474

Long-term motor cortex plasticity induced by an electronic neural implant

Andrew, J. O., Mavoori, J., & Fetz, E. E. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05226 · Cited by 454

The diversity and disparity of the glial scar

Adams, K. L., & Gallo, V. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0033-9 · Cited by 448

A Computational Model for Epidural Electrical Stimulation of Spinal Sensorimotor Circuits

Capogrosso, M., Wenger, N., Raspopovic, S., Musienko, P., Beauparlant, J., Bassi Luciani, L., Courtine, G., & Micera, S. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1688-13.2013 · Cited by 435

Long-Term Training with a Brain-Machine Interface-Based Gait Protocol Induces Partial Neurological Recovery in Paraplegic Patients

Donati, A. R. C., Shokur, S., Morya, E., Campos, D. S. F., Moioli, R. C., Gitti, C. M., Augusto, P. B., Tripodi, S., Pires, C. G., Pereira, G. A., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30383 · Cited by 428

Recovery of motoneuron and locomotor function after spinal cord injury depends on constitutive activity in 5-HT2C receptors

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A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Introduction, Rationale, and Scope

Fehlings, M. G., Tetreault, L. A., Wilson, J. R., Kwon, B. K., Burns, A. S., Martin, A. R., Hawryluk, G. W. J., & Harrop, J. S. (2017) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/2192568217703387 · Cited by 403

Extensive spontaneous plasticity of corticospinal projections after primate spinal cord injury

Rosenzweig, E. S., Courtine, G., Jindrich, D. L., Brock, J. H., Ferguson, A. R., Strand, S. C., Nout, Y. S., Roy, R. R., Miller, D. M., Beattie, M. S., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2691 · Cited by 401

Spinal cord reconstitution with homologous neural grafts enables robust corticospinal regeneration

Kadoya, K., Lu, P., Nguyen, K., Lee-Kubli, C. A., Kumamaru, H., Yao, L., Knackert, J. A., Poplawski, G. H. D., Dulin, J. N., Strobl, H., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4066 · Cited by 399

Nogo limits neural plasticity and recovery from injury

Schwab, M. E., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.02.011 · Cited by 379

The perineuronal net and the control of CNS plasticity

Wang, D., & Fawcett, J. (2012) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-012-1375-y · Cited by 373

Electrical spinal cord stimulation must preserve proprioception to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury

Formento, E., Minassian, K., Wagner, F., Mignardot, J. B., Le Goff-Mignardot, C. G., Rowald, A., Bloch, J., Micera, S., Capogrosso, M., & Courtine, G. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0262-6 · Cited by 370

Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies engaging muscle synergies improve motor control after spinal cord injury

Wenger, N., Moraud, E. M., Gandar, J., Musienko, P., Capogrosso, M., Baud, L., Le Goff, C. G., Barraud, Q., Pavlova, N., Dominici, N., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4025 · Cited by 369

Dissecting spinal cord regeneration

Sofroniew, M. V. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0068-4 · Cited by 364

Full-length axon regeneration in the adult mouse optic nerve and partial recovery of simple visual behaviors

de Lima, S., Koriyama, Y., Kurimoto, T., Oliveira, J. T., Yin, Y., Li, Y., Gilbert, H.-Y., Fagiolini, M., Martinez, A. M. B., & Benowitz, L. I. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1119449109 · Cited by 363

Spinal cord repair strategies: why do they work?

Bradbury, E. J., & McMahon, S. B. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1964 · Cited by 357

A Systems-Level Analysis of the Peripheral Nerve Intrinsic Axonal Growth Program

Chandran, V., Coppola, G., Nawabi, H., Omura, T., Versano, R., Huebner, E. A., Zhang, A., Costigan, M., Yekkirala, A. S., Barrett, L. B., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.034 · Cited by 351

Restorative effects of human neural stem cell grafts on the primate spinal cord

Rosenzweig, E. S., Brock, J. H., Lu, P., Kumamaru, H., Salegio, E. A., Kadoya, K., Weber, J. L., Liang, J. J., Moseanko, R., Hawbecker, S., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4502 · Cited by 350

Clinical translation of a high-performance neural prosthesis

Gilja, V., Pandarinath, C., Blabe, C. H., Nuyujukian, P., Simeral, J. D., Sarma, A. A., Sorice, B. L., Perge, J. A., Jarosiewicz, B., Hochberg, L. R., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3953 · Cited by 343

IGF-I specifically enhances axon outgrowth of corticospinal motor neurons

Özdinler, P. H., & Macklis, J. D. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1789 · Cited by 341

Virtual typing by people with tetraplegia using a self-calibrating intracortical brain-computer interface

Jarosiewicz, B., Sarma, A. A., Bacher, D., Masse, N. Y., Simeral, J. D., Sorice, B., Oakley, E. M., Blabe, C., Pandarinath, C., Gilja, V., et al. (2015) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7328 · Cited by 340

Another Barrier to Regeneration in the CNS: Activated Macrophages Induce Extensive Retraction of Dystrophic Axons through Direct Physical Interactions

Horn, K. P., Busch, S. A., Hawthorne, A. L., van Rooijen, N., & Silver, J. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2488-08.2008 · Cited by 332

Cortico–reticulo–spinal circuit reorganization enables functional recovery after severe spinal cord contusion

Asboth, L., Friedli, L., Beauparlant, J., Martinez-Gonzalez, C., Anil, S., Rey, E., Baud, L., Pidpruzhnykova, G., Anderson, M. A., Shkorbatova, P., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0093-5 · Cited by 324

Noninvasive Reactivation of Motor Descending Control after Paralysis

Gerasimenko, Y., Lu, D. C.-T., Modaber, M., Zdunowski, S., Gad, P. N., Sayenko, D. G., Morikawa, E., Haakana, P., Ferguson, A. R., Roy, R. R., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4008 · Cited by 319

Muscle Spindle Feedback Directs Locomotor Recovery and Circuit Reorganization after Spinal Cord Injury

Takeoka, A., Vollenweider, I., Courtine, G., & Arber, S. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.019 · Cited by 318

Axon Guidance by Gradients of a Target-Derived Component

Baier, H., & Bonhoeffer, F. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1734526 · Cited by 308

Stepping-like movements in humans with complete spinal cord injury induced by epidural stimulation of the lumbar cord: electromyographic study of compound muscle action potentials

Minassian, K., Jilge, B., Rattay, F., Pinter, M. M., Binder, H., Gerstenbrand, F., & Dimitrijevic, M. R. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101615 · Cited by 307

Concepts and Methods for the Study of Axonal Regeneration in the CNS

Tuszynski, M. H., & Steward, O. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.006 · Cited by 305

Neurons derived from transplanted neural stem cells restore disrupted neuronal circuitry in a mouse model of spinal cord injury

Abematsu, M., Tsujimura, K., Yamano, M., Saito, M., Kohno, K., Kohyama, J., Namihira, M., Komiya, S., & Nakashima, K. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42957 · Cited by 300

Spontaneous locomotor recovery in spinal cord injured rats is accompanied by anatomical plasticity of reticulospinal fibers

Ballermann, M. A., & Fouad, K. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04726.x · Cited by 280

Short Hairpin RNA against PTEN Enhances Regenerative Growth of Corticospinal Tract Axons after Spinal Cord Injury

Zukor, K., Belin, S., Wang, C., Keelan, N., Wang, X., & He, Z. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2510-13.2013 · Cited by 280

Injury-induced ctgfa directs glial bridging and spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish

Mokalled, M. H., Patra, C., Dickson, A. L., Endo, T., Stainier, D. Y. R., & Poss, K. D. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf2679 · Cited by 280

MRI investigation of the sensorimotor cortex and the corticospinal tract after acute spinal cord injury: a prospective longitudinal study

Freund, P., Weiskopf, N., Ashburner, J., Wolf, K., Sutter, R., Altmann, D. R., Friston, K. J., Thompson, A. J., & Curt, A. E. P. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70146-7 · Cited by 273

Restoration of Visual Function by Enhancing Conduction in Regenerated Axons

Bei, F., Lee, H. H. C., Liu, X., Gunner, G., Jin, H., Ma, L., Wang, C., Hou, L., Hensch, T. K., Frank, E., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.036 · Cited by 269

Genetic dissection of the circuit for hand dexterity in primates

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Reactivation of Dormant Relay Pathways in Injured Spinal Cord by KCC2 Manipulations

Chen, B., Li, Y., Yu, B., Zhang, Z., Brommer, B., Williams, P. R., Liu, Y., Hegarty, S. V., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.005 · Cited by 258

Safety of Autologous Human Schwann Cell Transplantation in Subacute Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury

Anderson, K. D., Guest, J. D., Dietrich, W. D., Bunge, M. B., Curiel, R. E., Dididze, M., Green, B. A., Khan, A., Pearse, D. D., Lavi, E. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4895 · Cited by 251

Contrasting the Glial Response to Axon Injury in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

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