Meaningful silences: how dopamine listens to the ACh pause
Abstract
Mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DANs) and striatal cholinergic neurons (tonically active neurons, TANs) participate in signalling the behavioural or reward-related significance of stimuli in the environment. An antagonistic balance between dopamine (DA) and ACh is well known to regulate postsynaptic signal integration in the striatum. Recent findings have revealed additional presynaptic ACh-DA interactions of previously unappreciated sophistication. Striatal ACh acts presynaptically to polarize powerfully how opposing DAN activities are transduced into DA release. Furthermore, characteristic reward-related activities of TANs and DANs are temporally coincident but differently variant with reward probability. Reward-related DA signals could therefore be governed by the concomitant activity in TANs. This article discusses the dynamic implications for DA signalling when these phenomena act in concert. TAN pauses might powerfully enhance the contrast, or salience, of DA signals offered by reward-related bursts, and even by reward omission-related pauses, in DANs. Through such mechanisms, TAN-DAN interactions would be functionally cooperative.
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D2 dopamine receptors modulate the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons.
“Conversely, D2 dopamine receptors modulate the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons [75].”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
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“DA signaling in the striatum is also modulated at the terminal level by ACh release from local striatal cholinergic interneurons [75], but also from an external direct cholinergic input from the LDT [76].”
- Authors
- Cragg, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cragg, Stephanie J.
- ORCID
- Cragg, Stephanie J.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 125-131
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112338700
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- dopamine, acetylcholine, striatal cholinergic neurons, cholinergic interneurons, striatum, dopamine release, signal integration, reward probability, reward omission, salience
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Cholinergic Fibers, Dopamine, Humans, Learning, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Perception, Reward, Signal Transduction, Neostriatum, Presynaptic Terminals
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