3.4 million real-world learning management system logins reveal the majority of students experience social jet lag correlated with decreased performance
Open accessAbstract
Misalignments between endogenous circadian rhythms and the built environment ( i.e ., social jet lag, SJL) result in learning and attention deficits. Currently, there is no way to assess the impact of SJL on learning outcomes of large populations as a response to schedule choices, let alone to assess which individuals are most negatively impacted by these choices. We analyzed two years of learning management system login events for 14,894 Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU) students to investigate the capacity of such systems as tools for mapping the impact of SJL over large populations while maintaining the ability to generate insights about individuals. Personal daily activity profiles were validated against known biological timing effects, and revealed a majority of students experience more than 30 minutes of SJL on average, with greater amplitude correlating strongly with a significant decrease in academic performance, especially in people with later apparent chronotypes. Our findings demonstrate that online records can be used to map individual- and population-level SJL, allow deep mining for patterns across demographics, and could guide schedule choices in an effort to minimize SJL’s negative impact on learning outcomes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A recent study analyzing digital logon data from nearly 15,000 students reported that circadian disruption (social jet lag) negatively affects learning outcomes, and furthermore that these data could be used to time educational activities to minimize impairments in performance caused by circadian disruption at the individual and population levels.
“A recent study analyzing digital logon data from nearly 15,000 students reported that circadian disruption (social jet lag) negatively affects learning outcomes, and furthermore that these data could be used to time educational activities to minimize impairments in performance caused by circadian disruption at the individual and population levels174.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [174]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lazer, D., Pentland, A., Adamic, L., Aral, S., Barabási, A.-L., Brewer, D., Christakis, N., Contractor, N., Fowler, J., Gutmann, M., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1167742 · Cited by 3,365 · see citing works
Social Jetlag: Misalignment of Biological and Social Time
Wittmann, M., Dinich, J., Merrow, M., & Roenneberg, T. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520500545979 · Cited by 2,625 · see citing works
Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker
Czeisler, C. A., Duffy, J. F., Shanahan, T. L., Brown, E. N., Mitchell, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., Ronda, J. M., Silva, E. J., Allan, J. S., Emens, J. S., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2177 · Cited by 1,705 · see citing works
A marker for the end of adolescence
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., & Merrow, M. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Predicting Depression via Social Media
Choudhury, M. D., Gamon, M., Counts, S., & Horvitz, E. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v7i1.14432 · Cited by 1,583 · see citing works
Dijk, D., & Czeisler, C. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
N., E., & Thompson, D. W. (1945) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2019330 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Phillips, A. J. K., Clerx, W. M., O’Brien, C. S., Sano, A., Barger, L. K., Picard, R. W., Lockley, S. W., Klerman, E. B., & Czeisler, C. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03171-4 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Duffy, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., & Czeisler, C. A. (2001) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.115.4.895 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
School Start Times for Adolescents
ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Breuner, C. C., et al. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1697 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Li, X., Dunn, J., Salins, D., Zhou, G., Zhou, W., Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose, S. M., Perelman, D., Colbert, E., Runge, R., Rego, S., et al. (2017) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001402 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
A wellness study of 108 individuals using personal, dense, dynamic data clouds
Price, N. D., Magis, A. T., Earls, J. C., Glusman, G., Levy, R., Lausted, C., McDonald, D. T., Kusebauch, U., Moss, C. L., Zhou, Y., et al. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3870 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Humans
Czeisler, C. A., & Gooley, J. J. (2007) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2007.72.064 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Timing of REM Sleep is Coupled to the Circadian Rhythm of Body Temperature in Man
Charles, A. C., Janet, C. Z., Joseph, M. R., Martin, C. M.-E., & Elliot, D. W. (1980) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/2.3.329 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Lane, J. M., Vlasac, I., Anderson, S. G., Kyle, S. D., Dixon, W. G., Bechtold, D. A., Gill, S., Little, M. A., Luik, A., Loudon, A., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10889 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Sex differences in the circadian regulation of sleep and waking cognition in humans
Santhi, N., Lázár, A. S., McCabe, P. J., Lo, J. C.-Y., Groeger, J. A., & Dijk, D. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1521637113 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Crowley, S. J., Van Reen, E., LeBourgeois, M. K., Acebo, C., Tarokh, L., Seifer, R., Barker, D. H., & Carskadon, M. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112199 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
The prevalence and health impact of shiftwork.
Gordon, N. P., Cleary, P. D., Parker, C. E., & Czeisler, C. A. (1986) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.76.10.1225 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Sleep and academic performance in later adolescence: Results from a large population-based study
Hysing, M., Harvey, A. G., Linton, S. J., Askeland, K. G., & Sivertsen, B. (2016) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12373 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Duffy, J. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02427-2 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Light and the Human Circadian Clock
Roenneberg, T., Kantermann, T., Juda, M., Vetter, C., & Allebrandt, K. V. (2013) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_13 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Reddy, A. B., Field, M. D., Maywood, E. S., & Hastings, M. H. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07326.2002 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: Understanding gender/sex differences
Díaz-Morales, J. F., & Escribano, C. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1041599 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
BaHammam, A. S., Alaseem, A., Alzakri, A., Almeneessier, A. S., & Sharif, M. M. (2012) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-12-61 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Age‐Related Changes of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep‐Wake Cycles
Yoon, I., Kripke, D. F., Elliott, J. A., Youngstedt, S. D., Rex, K. M., & Hauger, R. L. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51356.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
A time to remember: The role of circadian clocks in learning and memory.
Smarr, B. L., Jennings, K. J., Driscoll, J. R., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2014) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0035963 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationTonetti, L., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1049271 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Kass, R. E., Eden, U. T., & Brown, E. N. (2014) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9602-1 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Computational social science: Making the links
Giles, J. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/488448a · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Good sleep quality is associated with better academic performance among Sudanese medical students
Mirghani, H. O., Mohammed, O. S., Almurtadha, Y. M., & Ahmed, M. S. (2015) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1712-9 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Li, S., Arguelles, L., Jiang, F., Chen, W., Jin, X., Yan, C., Tian, Y., Hong, X., Qian, C., Zhang, J., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067928 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Sleep habits, academic performance, and the adolescent brain structure
Urrila, A. S., Eric Artiges, A., Massicotte, J., Miranda, R., Vulser, H., Frère, P., Lapidaire, W., Lemaître, H., Penttilä, J., Conrod, P., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41678 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Pagani, L., Semenova, E. A., Moriggi, E., Revell, V. L., Hack, L. M., Lockley, S. W., Arendt, J., Skene, D. J., Meier, F., Izakovic, J., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013376 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Timing of Examinations Affects School Performance Differently in Early and Late Chronotypes
van der Vinne, V., Zerbini, G., Siersema, A., Pieper, A., Merrow, M. W., Hut, R. A., Roenneberg, T., & Kantermann, T. (2014) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730414564786 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Arbabi, T., Vollmer, C., Dörfler, T., & Randler, C. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.980508 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Serum factors in older individuals change cellular clock properties
Pagani, L., Schmitt, K., Meier, F., Izakovic, J., Roemer, K., Viola, A., Cajochen, C., Wirz‐Justice, A., Brown, S. A., & Eckert, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1008882108 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Anderson, C., Sullivan, J. P., Flynn‐Evans, E. E., Cade, B. E., Czeisler, C. A., & Lockley, S. W. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2004 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sleep timing is more important than sleep length or quality for medical school performance
Genzel, L., Ahrberg, K., Roselli, C., Niedermaier, S., Steiger, A., Dresler, M., & Roenneberg, T. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.763132 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Chronotype, class times, and academic achievement of university students
Enright, T., & Refinetti, R. (2017) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2017.1281287 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
How jet lag impairs Major League Baseball performance
Song, A., Severini, T. A., & Allada, R. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1608847114 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Lower school performance in late chronotypes: underlying factors and mechanisms
Zerbini, G., van der Vinne, V., Otto, L., Kantermann, T., Krijnen, W. P., Roenneberg, T., & Merrow, M. W. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04076-y · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Jet lag syndrome: circadian organization, pathophysiology, and management strategies
Avidan, A. Y., & Colwell, C. S. (2010) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s6683 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Influence of Sex on Sleep Regulatory Mechanisms
Paul, K. N., Turek, F. W., & Kryger, M. H. (2008) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.0841 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Smarr, B. L. (2015) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730414565665 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of Day Length and Physical Activity on Sleep Patterns in Older Icelandic Men and Women
Brychta, R. J., Arnardóttir, N. Ý., Jóhannsson, E., Wright, E. C., Eiríksdóttir, G., Gudnason, V. G., Marinac, C. R., Davis, M., Koster, A., Caserotti, P., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5486 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jet lag: current and potential therapies.
Choy, M., & Salbu, R. L. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
(2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34153-6_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Russell, G., & Lightman, S. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0228-0 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
An update on adolescent sleep: New evidence informing the perfect storm model <sup>☆</sup>
Crowley, S. J., Wolfson, A. R., Tarokh, L., & Carskadon, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.001 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
DeepLMS: a deep learning predictive model for supporting online learning in the Covid-19 era
Dias, S. B., Hadjileontiadou, S. J., Diniz, J., & Hadjileontiadis, L. J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76740-9 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
田村, 典., Komada, Y., Inoue, Y., & Tanaka, H. (2021) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2021.1996388 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Understanding the Need for Sleep to Improve Cognition
Leong, R. L. F., & Chee, M. W. L. (2022) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-032620-034127 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Ziporyn, T. D., Owens, J. A., Wahlstrom, K. L., Wolfson, A. R., Troxel, W., Saletin, J., Rubens, S. L., Pelayo, R., Payne, P. A., Hale, L. E., et al. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.10.008 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and its related sleep behaviors in the young generation.
Futenma, K., Takaesu, Y., Komada, Y., Shimura, A., Okajima, I., Matsui, K., Tanioka, K., & Inoue, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1174719 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Geographically Resolved Rhythms in Twitter Use Reveal Social Pressures on Daily Activity Patterns
Leypunskiy, E., Kıcıman, E., Shah, M., Walch, O., Rzhetsky, A., Dinner, A. R., & Rust, M. J. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.016 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Early morning university classes are associated with impaired sleep and academic performance
Yeo, S. C., Lai, C. K., Tan, J., Lim, S., Chandramoghan, Y., Tan, T. K., & Gooley, J. J. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01531-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Comparison of sleep and chronotype between senior and undergraduate university students
Núñez, P., Perillán, C., Argüelles, J., & Dı́az, E. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1660359 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Social-Jetlagged Consumers and Decreased Conspicuous Consumption
Yin, Y., & Huang, Z. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucac002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Personalized medicine and circadian rhythms: Opportunities for modern society
Greco, C. M., & Sassone‐Corsi, P. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20200702 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Women in gig economy work less in the evenings
Dokuka, S., Kapuza, A., Sverdlov, M., & Yalov, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12558-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Price, E., Li, X., Xu, Y., Mansuri, A., McCall, W. V., Su, S., & Wang, X. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49484-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Harrison, E. M., Walbeek, T. J., Maggio, D. G., Herring, A. A., & Gorman, M. R. (2019) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.10.007 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
McCarthy, M. J., Brumback, T., Thomas, M. L., & Meruelo, A. D. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.030 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesised to constitute a discrete population
Kohyama, J. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110249 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Shimura, A., Yokoi, K., Sugiura, K., Higashi, S., & Inoue, T. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.03.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Disruption of circadian rhythms promotes alcohol use: a systematic review
Nelson, M. J., Soliman, P., Rhew, R. H. H., Cassidy, R. N., & Haass‐Koffler, C. L. (2023) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agad083 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smarr, B. L., Ishami, A. L., & Schirmer, A. E. (2021) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-021-00375-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationFernandes, P., Pereira, L. D. M., Horta, N. A. C., Cardoso, T. S. R., Coimbra, C. C., Szawka, R. E., Pereira, G. S., & Poletini, M. O. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113420 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Illingworth, G., Manchanda, T., Skripkauskaitė, S., Fazel, M. S., & Waite, F. (2025) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2024.2444675 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shimura, A., Sakai, H., & Inoue, T. (2022) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-022-00375-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Grant, A. D., Wilbrecht, L., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.752363 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rice, A., Sather, O., Wright, K. P., Vetter, C., Martin, M. A., & de la Iglesia, H. O. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad059 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gallego‐Landin, I., Berbegal-Sáez, P., & Valverde, O. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12237-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neural substrates underlying rhythmic coupling of female reproductive and thermoregulatory circuits
Grant, A. D., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1254287 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Montagnese, S., Zarantonello, L., Formentin, C., Giusti, G., Mangini, C., Isherwood, C., Ferrari, P., Paoli, A., Mapelli, D., Rizzuto, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.848602 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Avatars' Social Rhythms in Online Games Indicate Their Players' Depression
Yokotani, K., & Takano, M. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0058 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Xia, Y. Q., He, S., Sun, Z., & Wang, F. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120481 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Continuous body temperature as a window into adolescent development
Grant, A. D., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101221 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jeon, S., Oh, S.-M., Cho, S., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, S. J. (2019) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01883-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pape, L. M., Antypa, N., Spinhoven, P., van Straten, A., Struijs, S. Y., Struijs, S., Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., Salemink, E., Hurks, P. P. M., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-04891-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Transformative Social and Emotional Learning
Fiorentini, J. P., McCreery, M. P., Cole, L. Q. L., Leif, S. A., Monk, M. M., Bagneris, J. R., & Head, D. L. (2021) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6956-6.ch009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zwischen Mensch und Maschine: Künstliche Intelligenz zur Förderung von Lernprozessen
Ninaus, M., & Sailer, M. (2022) · Lernen und Lernstörungen · doi:10.1024/2235-0977/a000386 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Validation and psychometric properties of the Spanish Mood Rhythm Instrument
Carissimi, A., Oliveira, M. A. B., Frey, B., Navarro, J., Hidalgo, M. P., & Adan, A. (2019) · Biological rhythm research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2019.1675023 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yeo, S. C., Yabuki, H., Charoenthammanon, R. S., & Gooley, J. J. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad141 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Grant, A. D., Wilbrecht, L., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2022) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304221092715 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yeo, S. C., Lai, C. K., Tan, J., Lim, S., Chandramoghan, Y., & Gooley, J. J. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444124 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Augmenting Circadian Biology Research With Data Science
Soltani, S., Burks, J. H., & Smarr, B. L. (2025) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304241310923 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSynchronization of online social rhythms via avatar communications
Takano, M. (2023) · Journal of Physics Complexity · doi:10.1088/2632-072x/acbd7d · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cirkadijalni sistem - mreža neurona sa suprahijazmatičnim jedrom na vrhu hijerarhijske organizacije
Stanojlović, O. P., & Šutulović, N. (2018) · Medicinski podmladak · doi:10.5937/mp69-18063 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
High academic performance is associated with shorter sleep and later bedtimes for young adultsPreprint
Dokuka, S., & Smirnov, I. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.07806 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sato, T. G., Takahashi, M., & Nishida, M. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70223 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How Can LMS Affect Student’s Motivation and Engagement?
Ferreira, R., Cardoso, E., & Oliveira, J. P. (2023) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40710-9_10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
AI for precision medicine must keep non-random complexity in mind to support equity in outcomes
Smarr, B. L. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on eScience · doi:10.1109/e-science62913.2024.10678664 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Jetlag in the Context of Work and Family
Kudrnáčová, M., & Hamplová, D. (2022) · Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review · doi:10.31577/sociologia.2022.54.4.11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Measuring Adolescents’ Well-Being: Correspondence of Naïve Digital Traces to Survey Data
Сивак, Е., & Smirnov, I. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_26 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yeo, S.-C., Tan, J., Lai, C. K. Y., Lim, S., Chandramoghan, Y., Fung, F.-M., Chen, P., Strauman, T. J., & Gooley, J. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455177 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Abstracts of V International Scientific and Practical Conference
Гончаренко, О. Л., & Хемчян, І. І. (2021) · doi:10.46299/isg.2021.ii.v · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Entendiendo el impacto de los horarios de estudio en el rendimiento académico universitario en línea
Amo, D., Garza, L. F. G., & Muñiz, F. R. (2023) · UTE Teaching & techonology Universitas Tarraconsensis · doi:10.17345/ute.2023.3656 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Carpi, M., & Marques, D. R. (2025) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-025-03520-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Risner, M., Katz, E. S., & Stamoulis, C. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf392 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rise and Shine: A Circadian Perspective on Learning and Well-Being in Management Education
Volk, S., Billsberry, J., & Ambrosini, V. (2025) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2024.0210 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Leenaars, C. H. C., Lucassen, M. F. G., Borger, N., Houben, E., & Kalsbeek, A. (2019) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep1030026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chronotype and Performance in Students
Shimura, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816658-1.00002-8
Synchronization and attractors in a model simulating social jetlag
Ruziska, F. M., & Caldas, I. L. (2021) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110733
Grant, A. D., Wilbrecht, L., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.15.464452
Despite shutdown hardships, remote learning may support some healthier student sleep behaviors
Smarr, B. L. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad134
Self-citationThe Neuroscience Behind the Advice Given to Freshmen College Students
Sloan, D., & Norrgran, C. (2024) · ASEE Rocky Mountain Section Conference · doi:10.18260/1-2-150-44952
Pacemaker effects on online social rhythms on a social network
Takano, M., Yokotani, K., & Abe, N. (2024) · Journal of Physics Complexity · doi:10.1088/2632-072x/ad3ed5
On the relationship between study duration and academic performance in students
Zou, J. (2025) · Jisuanji shenghuojia. · doi:10.54097/hz29ar73
Ściślewska, P., Bębas, P., Szatkowska, I., Stryjek, R., & Schirmer, A. E. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.13.694121
Self-citationTiwari, V. (2026) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-08-2025-0339
Dai, W., Jahangir, M., Li, T., & Guo, W.-J. (2026) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-026-05287-y
Too tired to be judged by humans: Social jetlag increases preference for AI through social anxiety
Zhou, X., Chu, Y., Zhang, L., & Liang, J. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.109082
Qi, M., Lin, J., Chen, H., Sun, J., Zhou, S., & Chen, J. (2026) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/87919
Designing for rhythm: tempo-setting infrastructures and the temporal conditions of digital life
Atkinson, R. (2026) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-03229-w
Tavares, P. D. S., Weydmann, G. J., Morais, R. S. D. O., Buchmann, S., Schmidt, E. B., Alves, P., Eckhardt, J., Friedman, R., & Bizarro, L. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109245
Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Sleep Medicine
Maghsoudi, A., Lynn, O. J., Razjouyan, J., & Sharafkhaneh, A. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2026.08.017
- Authors
- Smarr, B. L., & Schirmer, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Northeastern Illinois University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schirmer, Aaron E.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-03-29
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4793-4793
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5876324
- OpenAlex
- W2794704815
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 3.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- social jetlag, circadian rhythm, academic performance, student schedules, chronotype, attention deficits, sleep timing
- MeSH terms
- Academic Performance, Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Biological Clocks, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Illinois, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Social Behavior, Students, Time Factors, Universities, Cohort Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, Education, Distance, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
