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PreprintCited by 425Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and Wakefulness Research

Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Humans

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Czeisler, C. A., Gooley, J. J.·2007·Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
DOI 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.064
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Abstract

During the past 50 years, converging evidence reveals that the fundamental properties of the human circadian system are shared in common with those of other organisms. Concurrent data from multiple physiological rhythms in humans revealed that under some conditions, rhythms oscillated at different periods within the same individuals and led to the conclusion 30 years ago that the human circadian system was composed of multiple oscillators organized hierarchically; this inference has recently been confirmed using molecular techniques in species ranging from unicellular marine organisms to mammals. Although humans were once thought to be insensitive to the resetting effects of light, light is now recognized as the principal circadian synchronizer in humans, capable of eliciting weak (Type 1) or strong (Type 0) resetting, depending on stimulus strength and timing. Realization that circadian photoreception could be maintained in the absence of sight was first recognized in blind humans, as was the property of adaptation of the sensitivity of circadian photoreception to prior light history. In sighted humans, the intrinsic circadian period is very tightly distributed around approximately 24.2 hours and exhibits aftereffects of prior entrainment. Phase angle of entrainment is dependent on circadian period, at least in young adults. Circadian pacemakers in humans drive daily variations in many physiologic and behavioral variables, including circadian rhythms in alertness and sleep propensity. Under entrained conditions, these rhythms interact with homeostatic regulation of the sleep/wake cycle to determine the ability to sustain vigilance during the day and to sleep at night. Quantitative understanding of the fundamental properties of the multioscillator circadian system in humans and their interaction with sleep/wake homeostasis has many applications to health and disease, including the development of treatments for circadian rhythm and sleep disorders.

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  • The expression of circadian rhythms seems to be most obvious in the rhythmicity of sleep and neurobehavioral performance in humans.

    “The expression of circadian rhythms nevertheless seems to be most obvious in the rhythmicity of sleep and neurobehavioral performance in humans 40.”

    From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [40]

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Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Czeisler C.A. 1978. "Human circadian physiology: Internal organization of temperature, sleep-wake, and neuroendocrine rhythms monitored in an environment free of time cues." Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
  2. Dollins A.B., Zhdanova I.V., Wurtman R.J., Lynch H.J., and Deng M.H. 1994. Effect of inducing nocturnal serum mela- tonin concentrations in daytime on sleep, mood, body tem- perature, and performance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 1824.
  3. Foster R.G., David-Gray Z.K., Freedman M.S., Lucas R.J., Lupi D., von schantz M., and Soni B.G. 1998. Photic regulation of the mammalian biological clock: The use of mutants and genetically engineered mice. In Circadian clocks and entrain- ment: Proceedings of the 7th Sapporo Symposium on Biological Rhythms (ed. K. Honma and S. Honma), p. 3. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, Japan.
  4. Jewett M.E. 1997. "Models of circadian and homeostatic regula- tion of human performance and alertness." Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  5. Jouvet M., Mouret J., Chouvet G., and Siffre M. 1974. Toward a 48-hour day: Experimental bicardian rhythm in man. In The neurosciences: Third study program (ed. F.O. Schmitt and F. Worden), p. 491. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  6. Kronauer R.E. 1990. A quantitative model for the effects of light on the amplitude and phase of the deep circadian pacemaker, based on human data. In Sleep '90: Proceedings of the 10th European Congress on Sleep Research, Dusseldorf (ed. J. Horne), p. 306. Pontenagel Press, Bochum, Germany.
  7. Lockley S.W., Gooley J.J., Kronauer R.E., and Czeisler C.A. 2006a. Phase response curve to single one-hour pulses of 10,000 lux bright white light in humans. In Abstracts from the Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, Sandestin, Florida, p. 132. Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
  8. Moore R.Y. 1972. Visual pathways and the central neural con- trol of diurnal rhythms. In The neurosciences: Third study program (ed. F.O. Schmitt and F.G. Worden), p. 537. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  9. Siffre M. 1964. Beyond time. McGraw Hill, New York.
  10. Weitzman E.D., Czeisler C.A., and Moore-Ede M.C. 1981. Sleep- wake, endocrine and temperature rhythms in man during tem- poral isolation. In The twenty-four hour workday: Proceedings of a NIOSH Symposium of Variations in Work-Sleep Schedules, Cincinnati (ed.

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Authors
Czeisler, C. A., & Gooley, J. J.
Affiliations
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published
2007-01
Volume
72
Issue
1
Pages
579-597
ISSN
0091-7451 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1101/sqb.2007.72.064
OpenAlex
W2008671752
Cited by
425
References
196
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • National Space Biomedical Research Institute
  • Strong
  • University of Oxford
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • National Center for Research Resources
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords
circadian rhythm, sleep, circadian system, circadian clock, light entrainment, circadian photoreception, circadian period, sleep homeostasis, alertness, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, circadian pacemaker
MeSH terms
Automobile Driving, Circadian Rhythm, Homeostasis, Humans, Melatonin, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Wakefulness, Work Schedule Tolerance, Photoperiod, Photobiology

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