Predicting functional effect of missense variants using graph attention neural networks
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Accurate prediction of damaging missense variants is critically important for interpreting a genome sequence. Although many methods have been developed, their performance has been limited. Recent advances in machine learning and the availability of large-scale population genomic sequencing data provide new opportunities to considerably improve computational predictions. Here we describe the graphical missense variant pathogenicity predictor (gMVP), a new method based on graph attention neural networks. Its main component is a graph with nodes that capture predictive features of amino acids and edges weighted by co-evolution strength, enabling effective pooling of information from the local protein context and functionally correlated distal positions. Evaluation of deep mutational scan data shows that gMVP outperforms other published methods in identifying damaging variants in TP53, PTEN, BRCA1 and MSH2. Furthermore, it achieves the best separation of de novo missense variants in neuro developmental disorder cases from those in controls. Finally, the model supports transfer learning to optimize gain- and loss-of-function predictions in sodium and calcium channels. In summary, we demonstrate that gMVP can improve interpretation of missense variants in clinical testing and genetic studies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., & Polosukhin, I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.03762 · Cited by 120,404 · see citing works
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A., Green, T., Figurnov, M., Ronneberger, O., Tunyasuvunakool, K., Bates, R., Žídek, A., Potapenko, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2 · Cited by 43,764 · see citing works
Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation
Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., & Bengio, Y. (2014) · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1179 · Cited by 25,545 · see citing works
The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans
Karczewski, K. J., Francioli, L. C., Tiao, G., Cummings, B. B., Alföldi, J., Wang, Q., Collins, R. L., Laricchia, K. M., Ganna, A., Birnbaum, D. P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2308-7 · Cited by 9,434 · see citing works
TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems
Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G. S., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., et al. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1603.04467 · Cited by 9,408 · see citing works
The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data
Bycroft, C., Freeman, C., Petkova, D., Band, G., Elliott, L. T., Sharp, K., Motyer, A., Vukcevic, D., Delaneau, O., O’Connell, J., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0579-z · Cited by 8,876 · see citing works
The Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor
McLaren, W., Gil, L., Hunt, S. E., Riat, H. S., Ritchie, G. R. S., Thormann, A., Flicek, P., & Cunningham, F. (2016) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4 · Cited by 8,099 · see citing works
International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2013)
松尾, 豊. (2013) · 人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 6,286 · see citing works
A general framework for estimating the relative pathogenicity of human genetic variants
Kircher, M., Witten, D. M., Jain, P., O'Roak, B. J., Cooper, G. M., & Shendure, J. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2892 · Cited by 6,183 · see citing works
Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes
Siepel, A., Bejerano, G., Pedersen, J. S., Hinrichs, A. S., Hou, M., Rosenbloom, K., Clawson, H., Spieth, J., Hillier, L. W., Richards, S., et al. (2005) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.3715005 · Cited by 4,408 · see citing works
Predicting Functional Effect of Human Missense Mutations Using PolyPhen‐2
Adzhubei, I., Jordan, D. M., & Sunyaev, S. R. (2013) · Current Protocols in Human Genetics · doi:10.1002/0471142905.hg0720s76 · Cited by 3,705 · see citing works
ClinVar: public archive of relationships among sequence variation and human phenotype
Landrum, M. J., Lee, J. M., Riley, G. R., Jang, W., Rubinstein, W. S., Church, D. M., & Maglott, D. R. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1113 · Cited by 3,516 · see citing works
Improved protein structure prediction using potentials from deep learning
Senior, A. W., Evans, R., Jumper, J., Kirkpatrick, J., Sifre, L., Green, T., Qin, C., Žídek, A., Nelson, A. W. R., Bridgland, A., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1923-7 · Cited by 3,378 · see citing works
Rives, A., Meier, J., Sercu, T., Goyal, S., Lin, Z., Liu, J., Guo, D., Ott, M., Zitnick, C. L., Ma, J., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2016239118 · Cited by 3,286 · see citing works
Rives, A., Meier, J., Sercu, T., Goyal, S., Lin, Z., Liu, J., Guo, D., Ott, M., Zitnick, C. L., Ma, J., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1101/622803 · Cited by 3,280 · see citing works
Highly accurate protein structure prediction for the human proteome
Tunyasuvunakool, K., Adler, J., Wu, Z., Green, T., Zielinski, M., Žídek, A., Bridgland, A., Cowie, A., Meyer, C., Laydon, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03828-1 · Cited by 3,025 · see citing works
REVEL: An Ensemble Method for Predicting the Pathogenicity of Rare Missense Variants
Ioannidis, N. M., Rothstein, J. H., Pejaver, V., Middha, S., McDonnell, S. K., Baheti, S., Musolf, A., Li, Q., Holzinger, E., Karyadi, D., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.016 · Cited by 2,908 · see citing works
Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism
Study, T. D., De Rubeis, S., Autism, H. M. C. F., UK10K Consortium, The Autism Sequencing Consortium, He, X., Goldberg, A. P., Poultney, C. S., Samocha, K., Ercument Cicek, A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13772 · Cited by 2,746 · see citing works
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
Iossifov, I., O’Roak, B. J., Sanders, S. J., Ronemus, M., Krumm, N., Levy, D., Stessman, H. A., Witherspoon, K. T., Vives, L., Patterson, K. E., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13908 · Cited by 2,585 · see citing works
Satterstrom, F. K., Kosmicki, J. A., Wang, J., Breen, M. S., De Rubeis, S., An, J.-Y., Peng, M., Collins, R., Grove, J., Klei, L., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.036 · Cited by 2,321 · see citing works
HHblits: lightning-fast iterative protein sequence searching by HMM-HMM alignment
Remmert, M., Biegert, A., Hauser, A., & Söding, J. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1818 · Cited by 2,288 · see citing works
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD®): 2003 update
Stenson, P., Ball, E. V., Mort, M., Phillips, A. D., Shiel, J. A., Thomas, N., Abeysinghe, S. S., Krawczak, M., & Cooper, D. (2003) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.10212 · Cited by 1,887 · see citing works
Identifying a High Fraction of the Human Genome to be under Selective Constraint Using GERP++
Davydov, E. V., Goode, D. L., Sirota, M., Cooper, G. M., Sidow, A., & Batzoglou, S. (2010) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001025 · Cited by 1,757 · see citing works
Morcos, F., Pagnani, A., Lunt, B., Bertolino, A., Marks, D. S., Sander, C., Zecchina, R., Onuchic, J. N., Hwa, T., & Weigt, M. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1111471108 · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Improved protein structure prediction using predicted interresidue orientations
Yang, J., Anishchenko, I., Park, H., Peng, Z., Ovchinnikov, S., & Baker, D. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1914677117 · Cited by 1,421 · see citing works
Dong, C., Wei, P., Jian, X., Gibbs, R. A., Boerwinkle, E., Wang, K., & Liu, X. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu733 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Accurate De Novo Prediction of Protein Contact Map by Ultra-Deep Learning Model
Wang, S., Sun, S., Li, Z., Zhang, R., & Xu, J. (2017) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005324 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Contribution of rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands
Jin, S. C., Homsy, J., Zaidi, S., Lu, Q., Morton, S., DePalma, S. R., Zeng, X., Qi, H., Chang, W., Sierant, M. C., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3970 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Self-citationAccurate classification of BRCA1 variants with saturation genome editing
Findlay, G. M., Daza, R. M., Martin, B., Zhang, M. D., Leith, A. P., Gasperini, M., Janizek, J. D., Huang, X., Starita, L. M., & Shendure, J. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0461-z · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Pathogenic Germline Variants in 10,389 Adult Cancers
Huang, K., Mashl, R. J., Wu, Y., Ritter, D., Wang, J., Oh, C., Paczkowska, M., Reynolds, S. M., Wyczalkowski, M. A., Oak, N., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.039 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Self-citationJagadeesh, K. A., Wenger, A. M., Berger, M. J., Guturu, H., Stenson, P. D., Cooper, D. N., Bernstein, J. A., & Bejerano, G. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3703 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Mutation effects predicted from sequence co-variation
Hopf, T. A., Ingraham, J. B., Poelwijk, F. J., Schärfe, C. P. I., Springer, M., Sander, C., & Marks, D. S. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3769 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Brnich, S. E., Tayoun, A. N. A., Couch, F. J., Cutting, G. R., Greenblatt, M. S., Heinen, C. D., Kanavy, D., Luo, X., McNulty, S. M., Starita, L. M., et al. (2019) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-019-0690-2 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Searching for missing heritability: Designing rare variant association studies
Zuk, O., Schaffner, S. F., Samocha, K., Do, R., Hechter, E., Kathiresan, S., Daly, M. J., Neale, B. M., Sunyaev, S. R., & Lander, E. S. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1322563111 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Evidence for 28 genetic disorders discovered by combining healthcare and research data
Kaplanis, J., Samocha, K. E., Wiel, L., Zhang, Z., Arvai, K. J., Eberhardt, R. Y., Gallone, G., Lelieveld, S. H., Martin, H. C., McRae, J. F., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2832-5 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Emerging methods in protein co-evolution
de Juan, D., Pazos, F., & Valencia, A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3414 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
A spectral approach integrating functional genomic annotations for coding and noncoding variants
Ionita‐Laza, I., McCallum, K., Xu, B., & Buxbaum, J. D. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3477 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Identifying Mendelian disease genes with the Variant Effect Scoring Tool
Carter, H. K., Douville, C. B., Stenson, P. D., Cooper, D. N., & Karchin, R. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-s3-s3 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
NetSurfP-2.0: improved prediction of protein structural features by integrated deep learning
Klausen, M., Jespersen, M. C., Nielsen, H., Jensen, K. K., Jurtz, V., Sønderby, C., Sommer, M., Winther, O., Nielsen, M., Petersen, B., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1002/prot.25674 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Dewey, F. E., Murray, M. F., Overton, J. D., Habegger, L., Leader, J. B., Fetterolf, S. N., O’Dushlaine, C. T., Hout, C. V. V., Staples, J. C., Gonzaga-Jauregui, C. G., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf6814 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Predicting the clinical impact of human mutation with deep neural networks
Sundaram, L., Gao, H., Padigepati, S. R., McRae, J. F., Li, Y., Kosmicki, J. A., Fritzilas, N., Hakenberg, J., Dutta, A., Shon, J. C., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0167-z · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Ensembl comparative genomics resources
Herrero, J., Muffato, M., Beal, K., Fitzgerald, S., Gordon, L., Pignatelli, M., Vilella, A., Searle, S., Amode, R., Brent, S., et al. (2016) · Database J. Biol. Databases Curation · doi:10.1093/database/bav096 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Boettcher, S., Miller, P. G., Sharma, R., McConkey, M., Leventhal, M., Krivtsov, A. V., Giacomelli, A. O., Wong, W., Kim, J., Chao, S., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax3649 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Accelerating Discovery of Functional Mutant Alleles in Cancer
Chang, M. T., Shrestha-Bhattarai, T., Schram, A. M., Bielski, C. M., Donoghue, M. T. A., Jonsson, P., Chakravarty, D., Phillips, S. M., Kandoth, C., Penson, A. V., et al. (2017) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0321 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Variant interpretation: functional assays to the rescue
Starita, L. M., Ahituv, N., Dunham, M. J., Kitzman, J. O., Roth, F. P., Seelig, G., Shendure, J., & Fowler, D. M. (2017) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.07.014 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Regional missense constraint improves variant deleteriousness prediction
Samocha, K. E., Kosmicki, J. A., Karczewski, K. J., O’Donnell-Luria, A. H., Pierce-Hoffman, E., MacArthur, D. G., Neale, B. M., & Daly, M. J. (2017) · doi:10.1101/148353 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Rao, R., Liu, J., Verkuil, R., Meier, J., Canny, J. F., Abbeel, P., Sercu, T., & Rives, A. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.430858 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Transformer protein language models are unsupervised structure learners
Rao, R., Meier, J., Sercu, T., Ovchinnikov, S., & Rives, A. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422761 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Alpha-helical, but not beta-sheet, propensity of proline is determined by peptide environment.
Li, S., Goto, N. K., Williams, K. A., & Deber, C. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6676 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
He, X., Sanders, S. J., Liu, L., De Rubeis, S., Lim, E. T., Sutcliffe, J. S., Schellenberg, G. D., Gibbs, R. A., Daly, M. J., Buxbaum, J. D., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003671 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
PERCH: A Unified Framework for Disease Gene Prioritization: HUMAN MUTATION
Feng, B.-J. (2017) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.23158 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Kotler, E., Shani, O., Goldfeld, G., Lotan‐Pompan, M., Tarcic, O., Gershoni, A., Hopf, T. A., Marks, D. S., Oren, M., & Segal, E. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.012 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
ClinPred: Prediction Tool to Identify Disease-Relevant Nonsynonymous Single-Nucleotide Variants
Alirezaie, N., Kernohan, K. D., Hartley, T., Majewski, J., & Hocking, T. D. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.005 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
H3Africa: current perspectives
Mulder, N., Abimiku, A., Adebamowo, S. N., de Vries, J., Matimba, A., Olowoyo, P., Ramsay, M., Skelton, M., & Stein, D. J. (2018) · Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2147/pgpm.s141546 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
A map of constrained coding regions in the human genome
Havrilla, J. M., Pedersen, B. S., Layer, R. M., & Quinlan, A. R. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0294-6 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Mighell, T. L., Evans-Dutson, S., & O’Roak, B. J. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.018 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
MVP predicts the pathogenicity of missense variants by deep learning
Qi, H., Zhang, H., Zhao, Y., Chen, C., Long, J. J., Chung, W. K., Guan, Y., & Shen, Y. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20847-0 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationOrigins of coevolution between residues distant in protein 3D structures
Anishchenko, I., Ovchinnikov, S., Kamisetty, H., & Baker, D. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1702664114 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Easy retrieval of single amino-acid polymorphisms and phenotype information using SwissVar
Mottaz, A., David, F. P. A., Veuthey, A., & Yip, Y. L. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq028 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Estimating the selective effects of heterozygous protein-truncating variants from human exome data
Cassa, C. A., Weghorn, D., Balick, D. J., Jordan, D. M., Nusinow, D. P., Samocha, K. E., O’Donnell‐Luria, A., MacArthur, D. G., Daly, M. J., Beier, D. R., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3831 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Predicting functional effects of missense variants in voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels
Heyne, H. O., Baez-Nieto, D., Iqbal, S., Palmer, D. S., Brunklaus, A., May, P., Collaborative, E., Johannesen, K. M., Lauxmann, S., Lemke, J. R., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay6848 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Alpha Helices Are More Robust to Mutations than Beta Strands
Abrusán, G., & Marsh, J. A. (2016) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005242 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Massively parallel functional testing of MSH2 missense variants conferring Lynch syndrome risk
Jia, X., Burugula, B. B., Chen, V., Lemons, R. M., Jayakody, S., Maksutova, M., & Kitzman, J. O. (2020) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.12.003 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Iqbal, S., Pérez‐Palma, E., Jespersen, J. B., May, P., Hoksza, D., Heyne, H., Ahmed, S. S., Rifat, Z. T., Rahman, M. S., Lage, K., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2002660117 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Insights into disease-associated mutations in the human proteome through protein structural analysis
Gao, M., Zhou, H., & Skolnick, J. (2015) · Structure · doi:10.1016/j.str.2015.03.028 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. T., Bryois, J., Kim, A., Dobbyn, A. L., Huckins, L. M., Muñoz‐Manchado, A. B., Ruderfer, D. M., Genovese, G., Fromer, M., Xu, X., et al. (2017) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0497-y · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sivley, R. M., Kropski, J., Sheehan, J., Cogan, J., Dou, X., Blackwell, T. S., Phillips, J., Meiler, J., Bush, W. S., & Capra, J. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.01.017 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lal, D., May, P., Samocha, K. E., Kosmicki, J. A., Robinson, E., Møller, R., Krause, R., Nüernberg, P., Weckhuysen, S., Jonghe, P. D., et al. (2020) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00725-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Walsh, R., Whiffin, N., Buchan, R., Midwinter, W., Wilk, A., Govind, R., Li, N., Ahmad, M., Mazzarotto, F., et al. (2020) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41436-020-00972-3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Martínez‐Muñoz, L., Rodrı́guez-Frade, J. M., Barroso, R., Sorzano, C. Ó. S., Torreno-Pina, J. A., Santiago, C. A., Manzo, C., Lucas, P., García‐Cuesta, E. M., Gutierrez, E., et al. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.012 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Functional characterization of 3D protein structures informed by human genetic diversity
Hicks, M. A., Bartha, I., di Iulio, J., Abagyan, R., Venter, J. C., & Telenti, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1820813116 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Leveraging protein dynamics to identify cancer mutational hotspots using 3D structures
Kumar, S., Clarke, D., & Gerstein, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1901156116 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
ClinGen and ClinVar – Enabling Genomics in Precision Medicine
Rehm, H. L., Berg, J. S., & Plon, S. E. (2018) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.23654 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Selective effects of heterozygous protein-truncating variants
Charlesworth, B., & Hill, W. G. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0291-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Liang, S., Mort, M. E., Stenson, P. D., Cooper, D. N., & Yu, H. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.135103 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, H., & ShenLab (2022) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.7134877 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 77 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Accurate proteome-wide missense variant effect prediction with AlphaMissense
Cheng, J., Novati, G., Pan, J., Bycroft, C., Žemgulytė, A., Applebaum, T., Pritzel, A., Wong, L. H., Zielinski, M., Sargeant, T., et al. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adg7492 · Cited by 2,163 · see citing works
Language models enable zero-shot prediction of the effects of mutations on protein function
Meier, J., Rao, R., Verkuil, R., Liu, J., Sercu, T., & Rives, A. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.450648 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
(2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.570727 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Li, C., Zhi, D., Wang, K., & Liu, X. (2022) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-022-01120-z · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Emerging applications of machine learning in genomic medicine and healthcare
Chafai, N., Bonizzi, L., Botti, S., & Badaoui, B. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.1080/10408363.2023.2259466 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cheng, P., Mao, C., Tang, J., Yang, S., Cheng, Y., Wang, W., Gu, Q., Han, W., Chen, H., Li, S., et al. (2024) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-024-00989-2 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Clinical and genetic characterization of CACNA1A ‐related disease
Lipman, A. R., Fan, X., Shen, Y., & Chung, W. K. (2022) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/cge.14180 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationAccurate and robust protein sequence design with CarbonDesign
Ren, M., Yu, C., Bu, D., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-024-00838-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationNourbakhsh, M., Degn, K., Saksager, A. B., Tiberti, M., & Papaleo, E. (2023) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbad519 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ge, F., Arif, M., Yan, Z., Alahmadi, H., Worachartcheewan, A., Yu, D., & Shoombuatong, W. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00950 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Protein language models trained on biophysical dynamics inform mutation effects
Hou, C., Zhao, H., & Shen, Y. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2530466123 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAshayeri, H., Sobhi, N., Pławiak, P., Pedrammehr, S., Alizadehsani, R., & Jafarizadeh, A. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16112138 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Role of multi-omics in aquaculture genetics and breeding: current status and future perspective
Yu, X., Faggion, S., Liu, Y., Wang, B., Zeng, Q., Lu, C., Hu, J., Bargelloni, L., Fang, L., & Bao, Z. (2025) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-024-2828-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
PRESCOTT: a population aware, epistatic, and structural model accurately predicts missense effects
Tekpinar, M., David, L., Henry, T., & Carbone, A. (2025) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03581-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Protein structure-based evaluation of missense variants: Resources, challenges and future directions
David, A., & Sternberg, M. J. E. (2023) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102600 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Predicting pathogen evolution and immune evasion in the age of artificial intelligence
Hamelin, D. J., Scicluna, M., Saadie, I., Mostefai, F., Grenier, J., Baron, C., Caron, É., & Hussin, J. (2025) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2025.03.044 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhong, G., Zhao, Y., Zhuang, D., Chung, W. K., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62318-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationInsights for variant clinical interpretation based on a benchmark of 65 variant effect predictors
Radjasandirane, R., Diharce, J., Gelly, J.-C., & de Brevern, A. G. (2025) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111036 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lin, Y.-J., Menon, A. S., Hu, Z., & Brenner, S. E. (2024) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-024-00663-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Knowledge-augmented Graph Machine Learning for Drug Discovery: A Survey
Zhong, Z., Barkova, A., & Mottin, D. (2025) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3744237 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Understanding Language Model Scaling on Protein Fitness PredictionPreprint
Hou, C., Liu, D., Zafar, A., & Shen, Y. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.25.650688 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBanerjee, A., Bogetti, A. T., & Bahar, I. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2418100122 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Heo, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-11787-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Lan, T., Zhong, G., Hagen, J., Pan, H., Chung, W. K., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59937-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationUtilizing Semi-supervised Method in Predicting BRCA1 Pathogenicity Variants
Hidayat, A. A., Trinugroho, J. P., Nirwantono, R., Sudigyo, D., & Pardamean, B. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.500 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Expanding the utility of variant effect predictions with phenotype-specific models
Stein, D. F., Kars, M. E., Milisavljevic, B., Mort, M. E., Stenson, P. D., Casanova, J., Cooper, D. N., Boisson, B., Zhang, P., Schlessinger, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66607-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Murtas, G., Zerbini, E., Rabattoni, V., Motta, Z., Caldinelli, L., Orlando, M., Marchesani, F., Campanini, B., Sacchi, S., & Pollegioni, L. (2023) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.2002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Structural and functional prediction, evaluation, and validation in the post-sequencing era
Li, C., Luo, Y., Xie, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Zou, L., & Xiao, F. (2023) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
GoFCards: an integrated database and analytic platform for gain of function variants in humans
Zhao, W., Tao, Y., Xiong, J., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Shao, C., Shang, L., Hu, Y., Xu, Y., Su, Y., et al. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae1079 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
High-Performance and Programmable Attentional Graph Neural Networks with Global Tensor Formulations
Besta, M., Renc, P., Gerstenberger, R., Labini, P. S., Ziogas, A. N., Chen, T., Gianinazzi, L., Scheidl, F., Szenes, K., Carigiet, A., et al. (2023) · International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC) · doi:10.1145/3581784.3607067 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The impact on clinical success from the 23andMe cohortPreprint
Wang, X., Karagounis, S., Shringarpure, S., Srivas, R., Su, Q. J., Vacic, V., Pitts, S. J., & Auton, A. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.06.17.24309059 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bellarmin, M., Veerasami, H., & Jayaprakash, N. (2026) · Decoding Infection and Transmission · doi:10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100079 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exploring Pathogenic Mutation in Allosteric Proteins: The Prediction and Beyond
Zhang, H., Ju, Z., Zhang, J., Li, X., Xiao, H., Chen, X., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Wei, Y. (2025) · Tsinghua Science and Technology · doi:10.26599/tst.2024.9010226 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, K., Gheybi, K., Soh, P. X. Y., & Hayes, V. M. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-00883-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Applications for Deep Learning in Epilepsy Genetic Research
Zeibich, R., Kwan, P., O'Brien, T. J., Perucca, P., Ge, Z., & Anderson, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241914645 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhao, H., Wang, L., Zhang, M., Wang, H., Zhang, S., Wu, J., & Tang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.18307 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ghadie, M. A., Sardaar, S., & Trakadis, Y. J. (2025) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering12101098 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Accurate enzyme specificity constant prediction with iESC
Zhang, Y., Liu, L.-H., Wang, S., & Jiang, A. (2026) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134067 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Prediction of human missense variant effects from functional evidence
Kayaalp, B., Çil, K., Conil, C., Cobat, A., Kars, M. E., Itan, Y., Casanova, J., & Özçelık, T. (2026) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-026-02727-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Özkan, S., Padilla, N., & de la Cruz, X. (2024) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-024-02692-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Das, S. K., Patel, V., Chakravarty, S., Ghosh, A., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Biswas, N. K. (2025) · BioData Mining · doi:10.1186/s13040-024-00420-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zafar, A., Hou, C., Amirani, N., & Shen, Y. (2026) · Human Genetics and Genomics Advances · doi:10.1016/j.xhgg.2026.100618 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, X., Huang, Y., Tang, R., Xiao, G., Chen, X., He, R., Zhang, Z., Luo, J., Wei, Y., Mao, Y., et al. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5087-0_6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationUnveiling the pathogenicity of allosteric protein mutations via multifaceted feature ensembling
Zhang, H., Li, X., Huang, J., Li, Y., Cai, S., Wang, H., & Wei, Y. (2025) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2025.07.014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationShen, Y., Obiajulu, J. U., Kuang, R., Zhong, G., Hagen, J., Shu, C., & Chung, W. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1910518/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationUtilizing protein structure graph embeddings to predict the pathogenicity of missense variants
Danner, M., Begemann, M., Elbracht, M., Kurth, I., & Krause, J. (2025) · NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/nargab/lqaf097 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A multimodal framework for comprehensive driver variant prediction in cancer
Yang, H., Chen, Y., Zhou, T., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q., Xiao, T., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Li, D., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-01209-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Functional analysis of NPR2 variants supports the therapeutic rationale for CNP in short stature
Jeong, R., Covarrubias, S., Shanghavi, D., Ruhrmund, D., Estrada, K., Zhou, D., Marom, N., Bauer, C. R., & Froelich, S. (2026) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2025.12.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Durumeric, A. E. P., McCarty, S., Smith, J., Köhler, J., Elez, K., Raich, L., Suriana, P., & Sztain, T. (2026) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.6c00332 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
PRP: pathogenic risk prediction for rare nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants
Heo, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2025) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-025-02751-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Highly accurate and robust protein sequence design with CarbonDesignPreprint
Ren, M., Yu, C., Bu, D., & Zhang, H. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552204 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationShu, W., Cheng, P., Mao, C., Tang, J., Yang, S., Gu, Q., Han, W., Yaofeng, C., Zhou, J., Li, W., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3358917/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mutation Pathogenicity Prediction by a Biology Based Explainable AI Multi-Modal AlgorithmPreprint
Kellerman, R., Nayshool, O., Barel, O., Paz, S., Amariglio, N., Klang, E., & Rechavi, G. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.06.05.24308476 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Calibrated Variant Effect Prediction at the Residue Level Using Conditional Score DistributionsPreprint
Passi, G., Amittai, S., & Schneidman‐Duhovny, D. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690189 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Expanding Landscape of Neural Architectures and Their Impact in Biomedicine
Zhang, Z. F., Zhan, H., Wu, T., Burns, R., Hundal, J., & Costa, H. A. (2025) · Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-103023-050856 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
VarLand: A pipeline to map the structural landscape of missense variants at the proteome scale
Guzmán‐Vega, F. J., Cardona‐Londoño, K. J., González‐Álvarez, A. C., Peña‐Guerra, K. A., Althagafi, A., Khan, T., Hoehndorf, R., & Arold, S. T. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.111071 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Homology Modeling in Protein Structure Predictions
Thai, K., Nguyen, T.-K., Nguyen, D.-N., & Le, M.-T. (2025) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81728-1_26 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Radjasandirane, R., Cretin, G., Diharce, J., de Brevern, A. G., & Gelly, J. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence in the Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ailsci.2026.100165 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lee, D.-B., Kang, H.-U., & Hwang, K. (2026) · BioData Mining · doi:10.1186/s13040-026-00533-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Phenotypic prediction of missense variants via deep contrastive learning
Wen, J., Zeng, S., Bonzel, C.-L., Kobren, S. N., Du, J., 柴怡, Wang, H. Y., Zhu, M., Chen, S., Leng, F., et al. (2026) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-026-01636-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMVFormer: Predicting the pathogenicity of missense variants using gated transformers
Li, Z.-X., Huang, W.-K., & Li, H. (2024) · ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics (ACM-BCB) · doi:10.1145/3698587.3701379 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Obiajulu, J. U., Kuang, R., Zhong, G., Hagen, J., Shu, C., Chung, W., & Shen, Y. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1910518/v2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCo-evolution integrated deep learning framework for variants generation and fitness predictionPreprint
Tan, X. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.28.526023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aydin, E., Ergun, B., Doğan, Ö. A., Alanay, Y., Ng, Ö. H., & Özdemir, Ö. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.11.602867 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Isakov, O., Fluss, R., Marek-Yagel, D., & Shachar, S. B. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.614907 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
StructGuy: Data leakage free prediction of functional effects of genetic variantsPreprint
Greß, A., Benasolo, C., Becher, J., Mias‐Lucquin, D., Joeres, R., Keller, S., & Kalinina, O. V. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691563 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Leung, A. K., Kang, J. J., Sun, Y., Wu, G., Li, L., Sun, J., Cheng, L., Qiu, T., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531441
Obiajulu, J. U., Kuang, R., He, L., Zhong, G., Hagen, J., Shu, C., Chung, W., & Shen, Y. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1910518/v3
Self-citationDrapkina, O. M., Блохина, А. В., Borisova, A. L., Bukaeva, A. A., Voshev, D. V., Garbuzova, E. V., Dzhioeva, O. N., Drozdova, L. Y., Олеговна, Е. С., Ershova, A. I., et al. (2023) · doi:10.15829/ropniz-d95-2023
Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Nie, S., & Yang, H. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385413
Lin, Y.-J., Menon, A. S., Hu, Z., & Brenner, S. E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.25.600283
Kurz, N. S., Kornrumpf, K., Tucholski, T., Drofenik, K., König, A. O., Beißbarth, T., & Dönitz, J. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.24314298
Missense variants pathogenicity annotation from homologous proteins
Ruiz-Alías, G., Soldevila, S., Altafaj, X., Cordomí, A., & Olivella, M. (2025) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf305
A Collaborative Approach to Improving Missense Mutational Effect Predictions in OncoproteinsPreprint
Dizkırıcı, A., & Tekpinar, M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.25327738
Schiffmaier, J., Rehling, S., Marnet, K., Borst, A., Trivanović, D. I., Docheva, D., Jakob, F. J., Graser, S., Herrmann, M., & Liedtke, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1572571
Jangjou, M., Alipour, M., Mofarrah, R., & Aalipour, S. (2025) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1186/s43042-025-00743-2
Prediction of human pathogenic start loss variants based on self-supervised contrastive learning
Liu, J., Fan, H., Cheng, N., Su, Y., & Xia, J. (2025) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02348-y
Song, S., Hu, D., Liu, J., & Cao, J. (2025) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.109145
Radjasandirane, R., Cretin, G., Diharce, J., de Brevern, A. G., & Gelly, J. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.25342839
Pitman, C., Santiago-McRae, E., Lohia, R., Lamb, R., Bassi, K., Riggs, L. M., Joseph, T. T., Hansen, M. E. B., & Brannigan, G. H. (2026) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5c01585
Chen, Y., Qiu, R., Yin, J., Wang, J., Chen, P., Luo, L., & Guo, H. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.123828
Zhang, H., Zheng, G., Xu, Z., Huang, Z., Zhou, Z., Wang, H., & Wei, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356763
Self-citationHuang, H., Bao, Z., Zhou, T., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q., Xiao, T., Zhang, Q., Liu, Z., Li, D., & Yang, H. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356435
Li, R., & Ernst, J. (2026) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-026-04261-1
Zhang, H., Huang, J., Li, Y., Chen, X., Xu, Z., Cai, S., Chai, Z., Wang, H., & Wei, Y. (2026) · Interdisciplinary Sciences Computational Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12539-025-00812-5
Self-citationZhang, H., Zheng, G., Xu, Z., Zhao, H., Cai, S., Huang, Y., Zhou, Z., & Wei, Y. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711612
Self-citationDisagreement among variant effect predictors guides experimental prioritization of target proteinsPreprint
Jonsson, N., Marsh, J. A., & Lindorff‐Larsen, K. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712765
Isakov, O., Fluss, R., Marek-Yagel, D., Sunyaev, S. R., & Ben-Shachar, S. (2026) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.gim.2026.102557
Wang, B., Farhat, A. M., Ye, B., Liang, J. C., Yu, L., Lu, Z., Wang, X., & Xu, L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.06.723398
Deep knowledge-driven multi-modal fusion for diagnosis and prognosis of SI-ARDS
Chen, H., Gu, Y., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y., Duan, X., Li, Z., Lin, J., Yi, X., Chen, M., Yang, T., et al. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01638-y
Zheng, G., Cai, S., Zhao, H., Huang, S., Xu, N., Wang, G., Zhou, Z., Wei, Y., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-3719-7_25
Self-citationAbbas, S. H., Wu, J., & Shi, T. (2026) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2026.109580
Pang, K., Pathan, N., Le, A., Man, A., Graf, J., Li, Y., da Rocha, G. L., Shemesh, E., Grafodatskaya, D., Chong, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-026-02766-w
Gene identity, not variant effect, dominates ClinVar benchmarks of missense pathogenicity predictorsPreprint
Harrizi, S., Irahal, I. N., Kabine, M., & Arnoult, D. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.21.746180
Loay, H., Kar, P., Koch, E., Seplyarskiy, V. B., & Weghorn, D. (2026) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2026.08.011
Characteristics of predicated pathogenic missense variants in human genes for Mendelian disorders
Song, R., Bai, X., & Fan, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioinformatics · doi:10.3389/fbinf.2026.1947929
Self-citation
- Authors
- Zhang, H., Xu, M. S., Fan, X., Chung, W. K., & Shen, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Yufeng
- Venue
- Nature Machine Intelligence
- Published
- 2022-11-15
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1017-1028
- ISSN
- 2522-5839 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10361701
- OpenAlex
- W4309563206
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 10.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Machine Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM120609)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (K99HG011490, U01HG008680)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R03HL147197)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- coevolution, deep mutational scanning, TP53, PTEN, BRCA1, MSH2, de novo mutations, neurodevelopmental disorders, sodium channels, calcium channels, transfer learning, variant interpretation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review