Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning.
Open accessAbstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pivotal mechanism of organ injury during stroke, myocardial infarction, organ transplantation and vascular surgeries. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent endogenous form of tissue protection against I/R injury. On the one hand, endocannabinoids have been implicated in the protective effects of IPC through cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, there is evidence suggesting that endocannabinoids are overproduced during various forms of I/R, such as myocardial infarction or whole body I/R associated with circulatory shock, and may contribute to the cardiovascular depressive state associated with these pathologies. Previous studies using synthetic CB1 receptor agonists or knockout mice demonstrated CB1 receptor-dependent protection against cerebral I/R injury in various animal models. In contrast, several follow-up reports have shown protection afforded by CB1 receptor antagonists, but not agonists. Excitedly, emerging studies using potent CB2 receptor agonists and/or knockout mice have provided compelling evidence that CB2 receptor activation is protective against myocardial, cerebral and hepatic I/R injuries by decreasing the endothelial cell activation/inflammatory response (for example, expression of adhesion molecules, secretion of chemokines, and so on), and by attenuating the leukocyte chemotaxis, rolling, adhesion to endothelium, activation and transendothelial migration, and interrelated oxidative/nitrosative damage. This review is aimed to discuss the role of endocannabinoids and CB receptors in various forms of I/R injury (myocardial, cerebral, hepatic and circulatory shock) and preconditioning, and to delineate the evidence supporting the therapeutic utility of selective CB2 receptor agonists, which are devoid of psychoactive effects, as a promising new approach to limit I/R-induced tissue damage.
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Evidence is accumulating for endocannabinoid involvement in conditions involving growth of pathological tissue or tissue transplantation.
“Indeed, evidence is accumulating for endocannabinoid involvement in some of these conditions [15,24,40]”
From Endocannabinoid involvement in endometriosis. (2010) · cites this paper as [40]
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Cardiovascular effects of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids: the good, the bad, and the ugly
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CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation is cardioprotective in a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion
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- Authors
- Pacher, P., & Haskó, G.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pacher, P
- ORCID
- Pacher, P
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 252-262
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC2219536
- OpenAlex
- W2027688921
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99‐AA999999)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000375)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Keywords
- endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, CB1 receptor, CB2 receptor, ischemia-reperfusion injury, ischemic preconditioning, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia, hepatic ischemia, shock, CB2 receptor agonist, endothelial activation, inflammation, leukocyte transendothelial migration, oxidative stress, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Liver Diseases, Shock, Reperfusion Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Ischemic Preconditioning, Stroke, Receptors, Cannabinoid, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Endocannabinoids
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