Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women.

Wu, W H; Lu, S C; Wang, T F; Jou, H J; Wang, T A

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602328

Cited by 70Fatty Acid Research and HealthAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressNutritional Studies and Diet

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women.

Wu, W H, Lu, S C, Wang, T F, Jou, H J, Wang, T A·2006·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602328

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Abstract

Background Vegetarians are generally deficient in long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect on plasma lipid levels, and some studies showed that they had breast cancer suppression effect. One of the biomarkers of breast cancer risk is the ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE(1)) to 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OHE(1)).Objective To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism and oxidative stress in vegetarians.Design Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Interventions Twenty-seven postmenopausal vegetarian women were recruited. After a 2-week run-in period with 6 g placebo corn oil, the subjects were subsequently randomized to receive either 6 g corn oil (n=13) or 6 g DHA-rich algae oil (2.14 g of DHA/day) (n=14) for 6 weeks. Two subjects in corn oil group withdrew before completion.Main outcome measures Plasma lipids, urinary 2-OHE(1) and 16alpha-OHE(1), urinary F(2)-isoprostanes and plasma alpha-tocopherol.Results Plasma LDL-DHA and EPA level increased significantly by DHA supplementation. DHA decreased plasma cholesterol (C) levels (P=0.04), but did not influence the levels of plasma TG, LDL-C and HDL-C, alpha-tocopherol, urinary F(2)-isoprostanes, 2-OHE(1), 16alpha-OHE(1) and ratio of 2-OHE(1) to 16alpha-OHE(1) as compared to corn oil.Conclusion DHA supplementation at a dose of 2.14 g/day for 42 days decreases plasma cholesterol but neither does it show beneficial effects on estrogen metabolism, nor does it induce deleterious effects on the observed in vivo antioxidant or oxidative stress marker in postmenopausal vegetarian women.Sponsorship A grant (# DOH89-TD-1062) from Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan.

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Two studies showing a decrease in LDL-C included vegetarian participants, although the confidence intervals were wide, and a third vegetarian study observed a significant rise in LDL-C similar to other studies.
“The two studies that showed a decrease in LDL-C included vegetarian participants (18,35), although the CI were wide, and a third study with vegetarian participants (34) observed a significant rise in LDL-C, similar to other studies.”
From A Meta-Analysis Shows That Docosahexaenoic Acid from Algal Oil Reduces Serum Triglycerides and Increases HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol in Persons without Coronary Heart Disease3 (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
One study using direct methods for estimating LDL-C showed a decrease in LDL-C, whereas another study using direct methods showed no effect.
“One study that reported using direct methods for estimating LDL-C, rather than the Freidewald equation, showed a decrease in LDL-C (35), whereas another that used the direct method showed no effect (33).”
From A Meta-Analysis Shows That Docosahexaenoic Acid from Algal Oil Reduces Serum Triglycerides and Increases HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol in Persons without Coronary Heart Disease3 (2012) · cites this paper as [35]

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Authors: Wu, W. H., Lu, S. C., Wang, T. F., Jou, H. J., & Wang, T. A.
Affiliations: National Taiwan Normal University (TW)
Taiwan Adventist Hospital (TW)
Corresponding author: Wu, W H
ORCID: Wu, W H
Jou, H J
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-11-09
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Pages: 386-392
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602328
OpenAlex: W2125329023
Cited by: 70
References: 46
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 1.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Taiwan Normal University
National Taiwan University
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 supplementation, vegetarian diet, postmenopausal women, serum lipids, serum cholesterol, estrogen metabolism, F2-isoprostanes, oxidative stress, alpha-tocopherol, algae oil, breast cancer risk
MeSH terms: Docosahexaenoic Acids, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Hydroxyestrones, Lipids, Middle Aged, Diet, Vegetarian, Biomarkers, Single-Blind Method, Postmenopause, Oxidative Stress, Dietary Supplements, alpha-Tocopherol, F2-Isoprostanes, Eukaryota

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Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women.

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