Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity

Esparza, J; Fox, C; Harper, IT; Bennett, PH; Schulz, LO; Valencia, ME; Ravussin, E

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801085

Cited by 184Indigenous Health and EducationObesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Activity and Health

Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity

Esparza, J, Fox, C, Harper, IT, Bennett, PH, Schulz, LO, Valencia, ME, Ravussin, E·2000·International Journal of Obesity

DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801085

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Abstract

Background Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. However, it is unknown whether increased physical activity protects susceptible populations against the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.Objective To investigate the potential protective role of environment and physical activity against obesity by measuring total energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians.Methods We compared the physical activity level of 40 (17 female and 23 male; 37+/-11 y, 66+/-13 kg) Mexican Pima Indians from a remote, mountainous area of Northwest Mexico, with 40 age-and-sex matched (17 female and 23 male; 37+/-12 y, 93+/-22 kg) Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, USA. We measured total energy expenditure (TEE) by doubly labeled water and calculated physical activity by different methods: physical activity level (PAL) as the ratio of TEE on resting metabolic rate (RMR), TEE adjusted for RMR by linear regression, activity energy expenditure adjusted for body weight (AEE), and activity questionnaire.Results Physical activity was higher in Mexican Pima Indians when compared with USA Pima Indians as assessed by PAL (1.97+/-0.34 vs 1.57+/-0.16, P<0.0001), TEE adjusted for RMR (3289+/-454 vs 2671+/-454 kcal/day, P<0.0001) and AEE adjusted for body weight (1243+/-415 vs 711+/-415 kcal/day, P<0. 0001). Questionnaires revealed more time spent on occupational activities among Mexican Pima compared with USA Pima (23.9+/-13.3 vs 12.6+/-13.9 h/week, P<0.001).Conclusion These data support a significant role for physical activity in the prevention of obesity in genetically susceptible populations. International Journal of Obesity (2000)24, 55-59

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Mexican Pima Indians have experienced relatively little recent change in environmental conditions.
“In contrast with the U.S. Pima Indians, they have experienced relatively little recent change in environmental conditions (9,10).”
From Effects of Traditional and Western Environments on Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S. (2006) · cites this paper as [10]
Total energy expenditure is higher in Mexican Pima Indians than in U.S. Pima Indians.
“Total energy expenditure is higher in Mexican Pima Indians than in U.S. Pima Indians.”
From Effects of Traditional and Western Environments on Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S. (2006) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors: Esparza, J., Fox, C., Harper, I., Bennett, P., Schulz, L., Valencia, M., & Ravussin, E.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Fox, C
Venue: International Journal of Obesity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 55-59
ISSN: 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
1476-5497
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801085
OpenAlex: W1965912434
Semantic Scholar: 1c2afd8097632ba44c4c44609bc3f83305ffa518
Cited by: 184
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 23.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01dk045957-03)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK45957)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Indigenous Health and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: total energy expenditure, physical activity, obesity, Pima Indians, type 2 diabetes, physical activity level, physical activity energy expenditure, occupational physical activity, genetic susceptibility to obesity, energy balance, doubly labeled water
MeSH terms: Adult, Arizona, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Mexico, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Exercise, Linear Models, Asian People

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Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity

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