Reduced sympathetic nervous activity. A potential mechanism predisposing to body weight gain.
Open accessAbstract
The sympathetic nervous system is recognized to play a role in the etiology of animal and possibly human obesity through its impact on energy expenditure and/or food intake. We, therefore, measured fasting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in the peroneal nerve and its relationship with energy expenditure and body composition in 25 relatively lean Pima Indian males (means +/- SD; 26 +/- 6 yr, 82 +/- 19 kg, 28 +/- 10% body fat) and 19 Caucasian males (29 +/- 5 yr, 81 +/- 13 kg, 24 +/- 9% body fat). 24-h energy expenditure, sleeping metabolic rate, and resting metabolic rate were measured in a respiratory chamber, whereas body composition was estimated by hydrodensitometry. Pima Indians had lower MSNA than Caucasians (23 +/- 6 vs 33 +/- 10 bursts/min, P = 0.0007). MSNA was significantly related to percent body fat in Caucasians (r = 0.55, P = 0.01) but not in Pimas. MSNA also correlated with energy expenditure adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, and age in Caucasians (r = 0.51, P = 0.03; r = 0.54, P = 0.02; and r = 0.53, P = 0.02 for adjusted 24-h energy expenditure, sleeping metabolic rate, and resting metabolic rate, respectively) but not in Pima Indians. In conclusion, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is a determinant of energy expenditure in Caucasians. Individuals with low resting MSNA may be at risk for body weight gain resulting from a lower metabolic rate. A low resting MSNA and the lack of impact of MSNA on metabolic rate might play a role in the etiology of obesity in Pima Indians.
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Body fat may be an important determinant of resting sympathetic nerve activity in humans.
“suggesting that body fat may be an important determinant of resting sympathetic nerve activity in humans (26, 27).”
From Impaired insulin-induced sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in skeletal muscle in obese humans. (1994) · cites this paper as [26]
The Abstract and Discussion report that fasting muscle sympathetic nerve activity was positively related to body fat in Caucasian men, but not in Pima Indian men. This supports a possible relationship in one studied group, not the broader suggestion that body fat determines resting sympathetic nerve activity in humans generally; the study also measured an association rather than establishing direction of causation. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLean Pima Indians have lower muscle sympathetic nerve traffic than lean Caucasians.
“In an exception, however, there is evidence that lean Pima Indians have lower muscle sympathetic nerve traffic than lean Caucasians65.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [65]
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“At least three metabolic parameters have been found to be predictive of weight gain, when assessed under neutral energy balance conditions: a) low resting and 24- hour energy expenditure while being sedentary (10); b) impaired fat oxidation, independently of energy expenditure (11); and c) reduced sympathetic activity…”
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- Authors
- Spraul, M., Ravussin, E., Fontvieille, A. M., Rising, R., Larson, D. E., & Anderson, E. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1993-10-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1730-1735
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC288333
- OpenAlex
- W2024870060
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50hl044546-05, 5r29hl043514-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-43514, HL-44546)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- muscle sympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic nervous system, obesity, energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, sleeping metabolic rate, fat mass, body composition, Pima Indians, peroneal nerve, ethnic differences, obesity etiology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Arizona, Basal Metabolism, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Heart Rate, Humans, Indians, North American, Insulin, Male, Regression Analysis, Sodium, Sympathetic Nervous System, Weight Gain, White People
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