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The Inflammation–Fibrosis Link? A Jekyll and Hyde Role for Blood Cells during Wound Repair
Open accessAbstract
The healing of a skin wound is a complex process involving many cell lineages. In adult tissues, repair is always accompanied by a robust inflammatory response, which is necessary to counter the potential for infection at any site where the skin barrier is breached. Unlike embryonic tissues that can repair perfectly without a remnant scar at the wound site, adult tissue repair always leads to formation of a fibrotic scar where the wound has healed. In recent years, it has become clear that the wound inflammatory response may be, at least in part, responsible for fibrosis at sites of tissue repair. In this review, we consider the beneficial vs the detrimental functions of inflammatory cells during the repair response and compare data from other tissues, the lung, and liver, where fibrosis and its resolution may be related to a damage-triggered inflammatory response. We also consider how it may be possible to molecularly disentangle the potentially good from the bad influences of inflammatory cells during tissue repair and how fundamental studies in inflammatory cell biology may prove the way forward for development of drug targets in this respect.
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“However, if ECM synthesis in myofibroblasts is not kept in check, then excessive matrix deposition can lead to fibrosis, scarring, and loss of tissue function [120–122].”
From CCN1/CYR61: the very model of a modern matricellular protein (2011) · cites this paper as [121]
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“Evolution has primed some repair processes to heal quickly, but imperfectly (Stramer et al., 2007).”
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Fatigued breast cancer survivors and gene polymorphisms in the inflammatory pathway
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“In general, inflammation has also been linked to fibrosis (Stramer et al., 2007).”
Chi, Y.-G., He, P., Lei, L. S., Lan, Y., Hu, J.-G., Meng, Y., & Hu, L.-N. (2018) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.8685 · Cited by 57
“Inflammation is one of the causes of fibrosis (37,38).”
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Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust
Nesci, S., Spagnoletta, A., & Oppedisano, F. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076106 · Cited by 57
“The first cells attracted to an injury site are neutrophils, followed by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, NK cells, T cells, B cells), and mast cells [34].”
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“Because inflammation at early stages of repair is considered an important determinant of subsequent fibrosis (37), we tested the effect of Wnt inhibition on inflammation.”
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β-Adrenergic receptor modulation of wound repair
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“Additionally, inflammation seen in fibrotic wounds may exert a dominant effect, including collateral damage inflicted on otherwise healthy cells and tissue, which in turn causes continued remodeling and excessive scarring [99, 100].”
BackgroundRelease of TNF‐α from macrophages is mediated by small GTPase Rab37
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Self-citationProfibrotic Phenotype of Conjunctival Fibroblasts from Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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The Connexin43 Carboxyl-Terminal Peptide ACT1 Modulates the Biological Response to Silicone Implants
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“It will be interesting to see whether the inflammatory cell population follows a defined progression fromneutrophils tomacrophages tomast cells over time as is true for the incisional wound model (Stramer et al., 2007).”
BackgroundDemircan, T., Ovezmyradov, G., Yıldırım, B., Keskin, İ., İlhan, A. E., Fesçioğlu, E. C., Öztürk, G., & Yıldırım, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29373-y · Cited by 45
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stramer, B. M., Mori, R., & Martin, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stramer, Brian M.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1009-1017
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996789266
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- wound healing, skin fibrosis, inflammation, inflammatory cells, scar formation, tissue repair, pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, fibrosis resolution, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Cells, Cicatrix, Fibrosis, Humans, Inflammation, Liver Cirrhosis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Skin, Wound Healing
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