Cited by 1,391Bone Tissue Engineering MaterialsTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineWound Healing and Treatments

Immune responses to implants – a review of the implications for the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials

Franz, Sandra, Rammelt, Stefan, Scharnweber, Dieter, Simon, Jan C.·2011·Biomaterials

Abstract

A key for long-term survival and function of biomaterials is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. As biomaterials can have profound impacts on the host immune response the concept emerged to design biomaterials that are able to trigger desired immunological outcomes and thus support the healing process. However, engineering such biomaterials requires an in-depth understanding of the host inflammatory and wound healing response to implanted materials. One focus of this review is to outline the up-to-date knowledge on immune responses to biomaterials. Understanding the complex interactions of host response and material implants reveals the need for and also the potential of "immunomodulating" biomaterials. Based on this knowledge, we discuss strategies of triggering appropriate immune responses by functional biomaterials and highlight recent approaches of biomaterials that mimic the physiological extracellular matrix and modify cellular immune responses.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.078

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  • Within two days of implantation the initial wave of neutrophils has completely disappeared and is replaced by a self-sustaining population of macrophages.

    “Within two days of implantation the initial wave of neutrophils has completely disappeared to give way to a population of macrophages (Anderson et al., 2008; Franz et al., 2011), which self-sustains itself by continuously proliferating and releasing chemoattractants that recruit further macrophages.”
  • Upon surgical implantation, the initial M1 response is responsible for recruiting inflammatory cells to the site of injury and for instigating the ensuing foreign body response, which are necessary events for wound healing.

    “Upon surgical implantation, it has been shown that the initial M1 response is responsible for recruiting inflammatory cells to the site of injury and for instigating the ensuing foreign body response [5,86,91], which are necessary events for wound healing.”

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Authors
Franz, S., Rammelt, S., Scharnweber, D., & Simon, J. C.
Affiliations
  • Leipzig University (DE)
  • University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
  • Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (DE)
Corresponding author
Franz, Sandra
Venue
Biomaterials
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-10
Volume
32
Issue
28
Pages
6692-6709
ISSN
0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2031041031
Cited by
1,391
References
261
Citations by year
2026: 68 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 145 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 25
FWCI
3.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
Keywords
immune response to implants, immunomodulatory biomaterials, biomaterial design, host inflammatory response, wound healing, extracellular matrix mimics, implant biocompatibility
MeSH terms
Biocompatible Materials, Complement Activation, Extracellular Matrix, Foreign-Body Reaction, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Factors, Inflammation, Wound Healing, Prostheses and Implants

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