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Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Perceived Early-Life Stress in Depressed Patients and Healthy Control Subjects
Abstract
Previous studies have reported elevated concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in patients with major depression. Elevations of CSF CRF have also been reported in adult laboratory animals exposed to the stress of brief maternal deprivation or maternal neglect in the neonatal or preweaning period. The present study was designed to determine whether major depression and a history of perceived early adversity in childhood are independently associated with elevated CSF CRF concentrations in adults. In this case-control study, 27 medication-free adults with major depression and 25 matched controls underwent standardized lumbar puncture for collection of a single CSF sample at 1200. Subjects provided data about significant adverse early-life experiences and rated their global perceived level of stress during pre-school and preteen years on a six-point Likert scale. The mean difference in CSF CRF between depressed patients and controls did not reach statistical significance. In a regression model, perceived early-life stress was a significant predictor of CSF CRF, but depression was not. Perinatal adversity and perceived adversity in the preteen adversity years (ages 6-13 years) were both independently associated with decreasing CSF CRF concentrations. The relationship observed between perceived early-life stress and adult CSF CRF concentrations in this study closely parallels recent preclinical findings. More work is needed to elucidate the…
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“However, in some cases, childhood stress sustains CRF hyperactivity and increases stress responses in adulthood, which then results in the oversecretion of cerebral CRF and eventually leads to depression[75,76].”
From Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“Elevated CSF levels of CRF in adults associate with a history of childhood maltreatment,58,59 a poor quality of parental care,60 and childhood stressful experience.61”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [61]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carpenter, L. L., Tyrka, A. R., McDougle, C. J., Malison, R. T., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B., & Price, L. H.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carpenter, Linda L
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2003-12-31
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 777-784
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2005533083
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (MH-42088)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042088, P50MH058922, MH58922, MH42088)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, cerebrospinal fluid, major depressive disorder, childhood adversity, maternal deprivation, maternal neglect, perinatal adversity, neuroendocrine changes, stress hormones
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies
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