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Cited by 514Stress Responses and CortisolChild Abuse and TraumaTreatment of Major Depression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Importance of Studying the Contributions of Early Adverse Experience to Neurobiological Findings in Depression

Heim, Christine, Plotsky, Paul M, Nemeroff, Charles B·2004·Neuropsychopharmacology
DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300397
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Abstract

Almost four decades of intensive research have sought to elucidate the neurobiological bases of depression. Epidemiological studies have revealed that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk for depression. Adverse early-life experiences influence neurobiological systems within genetic limits, leading to the neurobiological and behavioral manifestations of depression. We summarize the burgeoning evidence concerning a pre-eminent role of early adverse experience in the pathogenesis of depression. The available data suggest that (1) early adverse experience contributes to the pathophysiology of depression, (2) there are neurobiologically different subtypes of depression depending on the presence or absence of early adverse experience, likely having confounded previous research on the neurobiology of depression, and (3) early adverse experience likely influences treatment response in depression. Classification of depression based on developmental and neurobiological features will likely considerably improve future research in the field of depression, and might lead to optimized treatment strategies that directly target different neurobiological pathways to depression.

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  1. Plotsky PM, Sánchez MM, Levine S (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulating physiological coping systems during development. In: Broom DM (ed). Coping with Challenge. Dahlem University Press: Berlin. pp 169–196.

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Metadata

Authors
Heim, C., Plotsky, P. M., & Nemeroff, C. B.
Affiliations
Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Nemeroff, Charles B
ORCID
Venue
Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-03-03
Volume
29
Issue
4
Pages
641-648
ISSN
  • 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-634X
DOI
10.1038/sj.npp.1300397
OpenAlex
W2329414057
Cited by
514
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 27
FWCI
2.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042088, P50MH058922, MH58922, MH42088)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
childhood adversity, depression, neurobiology of depression, depression pathogenesis, genetic and environmental risk factors, depression subtypes, treatment response, developmental origins of mental disorders, depression classification
MeSH terms
Animals, Depression, Environment, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Life Change Events, Neurobiology, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Physiological

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