The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Importance of Studying the Contributions of Early Adverse Experience to Neurobiological Findings in Depression
Abstract
Almost four decades of intensive research have sought to elucidate the neurobiological bases of depression. Epidemiological studies have revealed that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk for depression. Adverse early-life experiences influence neurobiological systems within genetic limits, leading to the neurobiological and behavioral manifestations of depression. We summarize the burgeoning evidence concerning a pre-eminent role of early adverse experience in the pathogenesis of depression. The available data suggest that (1) early adverse experience contributes to the pathophysiology of depression, (2) there are neurobiologically different subtypes of depression depending on the presence or absence of early adverse experience, likely having confounded previous research on the neurobiology of depression, and (3) early adverse experience likely influences treatment response in depression. Classification of depression based on developmental and neurobiological features will likely considerably improve future research in the field of depression, and might lead to optimized treatment strategies that directly target different neurobiological pathways to depression.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As such, many of the established neurobiological findings in depression may be due to the undetected presence of early physical or sexual abuse (Heim et al., 2004).”
From The Differential Impacts of Early Physical and Sexual Abuse and Internalizing Problems on Daytime Cortisol Rhythm in School-Aged Children (2010) · cites this paper as Heim et al., 2004
Citations
Cites
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120
Nestler, E. J., Barrot, M., DiLeone, R. J., Eisch, A. J., Gold, S. J., & Monteggia, L. M. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00653-0 · Cited by 3,217
Liu, D., Diorio, J., Tannenbaum, B., Caldji, C., Francis, D., Freedman, A., Sharma, S., Pearson, D., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5332.1659 · Cited by 3,170
Self-citationHeim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01157-x · Cited by 2,791
Self-citationHeim, C. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.5.592 · Cited by 1,968
Self-citationPlotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1993) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(93)90189-v · Cited by 1,638
Self-citationNemeroff, C. B., Widerlöv, E., Bissette, G., Walléus, H., Karlsson, I., Eklund, K., Kilts, C. D., Loosen, P. T., & Vale, W. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6334362 · Cited by 1,485
Self-citationCaldji, C., Tannenbaum, B., Sharma, S., Francis, D., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5335 · Cited by 1,437
Self-citationThe role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders
Arborelius, L., Owens, M., Plotsky, P., & Nemeroff, C. (1999) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1600001 · Cited by 1,378
Self-citationDunn, A. J., & Berridge, C. W. (1990) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(90)90012-d · Cited by 1,352
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Plotsky PM, Sánchez MM, Levine S (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulating physiological coping systems during development. In: Broom DM (ed). Coping with Challenge. Dahlem University Press: Berlin. pp 169–196.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–513 of 513
Maternal and Fetal Conditions With Consequences for the Fetal Brain
du Plessis, A. J., & Volpe, J. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10513-5.00011-5
Levine, R. A. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64802-414-620251007
Fostering Resiliency After a Loss: A Focus on Adjustment Disorder Related to Bereavement
Greis, L. M. (2011) · SOPHIA (St. Catherine University)
Etude de la voie de la kynurénine dans la symptomatologie du sujet obèse
Huet, L. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ff26d7c8z4c5fz4c86z9e6ezd8d843268447
Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_14
Kim, S. M., & Min, K. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-1331-3_19
Wang, H., Liu, F., Li, L., Wei, C., Zheng, Q., Qiao, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, Z., Ren, W., Liu, Z., et al. (2026) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107606
Erbe, S. (2009) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)
Perani, C. V. (2014) · University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) · doi:10.5283/epub.30044
Volberg, R. A., & Bernhard, B. (2006) · Responsible Gaming Association of New Mexico · doi:10.11575/prism/33264 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Heim, C., Plotsky, P. M., & Nemeroff, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nemeroff, Charles B
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2004-03-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 641-648
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2329414057
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042088, P50MH058922, MH58922, MH42088)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, depression, neurobiology of depression, depression pathogenesis, genetic and environmental risk factors, depression subtypes, treatment response, developmental origins of mental disorders, depression classification
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Depression, Environment, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Life Change Events, Neurobiology, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Physiological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
