Gene expression profiling by mRNA sequencing reveals increased expression of immune/inflammation-related genes in the hippocampus of individuals with schizophrenia
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Whole-genome expression profiling in postmortem brain tissue has recently provided insight into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous microarray and RNA-Seq studies identified several biological processes including synaptic function, mitochondrial function and immune/inflammation response as altered in the cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Now using RNA-Seq data from the hippocampus, we have identified 144 differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia cases as compared with unaffected controls. Immune/inflammation response was the main biological process over-represented in these genes. The upregulation of several of these genes, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, APOL1 (Apolipoprotein L1), ADORA2A (adenosine receptor 2A), IGFBP4 and CD163 were validated in the schizophrenia subjects using data from the SNCID database and with quantitative RT-PCR. We identified a co-expression module associated with schizophrenia that includes the majority of differentially expressed genes related to immune/inflammation response as well as with the density of parvalbumin-containing neurons in the hippocampus. The results indicate that abnormal immune/inflammation response in the hippocampus may underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and may be associated with abnormalities in the parvalbumin-containing neurons that lead to the cognitive deficits of the disease.
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Reduced parvalbumin interneuron density in schizophrenia patients is associated with two modules of genes differentially expressed compared with healthy subjects, including many immune/inflammation-related genes.
“A genome-wide profiling and immunohistological study revealed that reduced PVI density in schizophrenia patients is associated with two modules of genes differentially expressed in patients compared to healthy subjects, among which are many immune/inflammation-related genes (Hwang et al., 2013).”
From Redox dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and NMDA receptor hypofunction: A “central hub” in schizophrenia pathophysiology? (2016) · cites this paper as Hwang et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Hwang, Y., Kim, J., Shin, J.-Y., Kim, J.-I., Seo, J.-S., Webster, M. J., Lee, D., & Kim, S.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Stanley Medical Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, D
- Kim, S
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2013-10-29
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e321-e321
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3818014
- OpenAlex
- W2012356934
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 10.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, hippocampus, differentially expressed genes, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, APOL1, adenosine A2A receptor, IGFBP-4, CD163, cognitive impairment, postmortem brain, schizophrenia pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Apolipoprotein L1, CD163 Antigen, Adult, Antigens, Differentiation, Apolipoproteins, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, HDL, Male, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, Receptors, Cell Surface, RNA, Messenger, Schizophrenia, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Antigens, CD, Up-Regulation, Case-Control Studies, RNA-Binding Proteins, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Receptor, Adenosine A2A
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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