The immunogenetics of neurological disease
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Summary: Genes encoding antigen‐presenting molecules within the human major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) account for the highest component of genetic risk for many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Myriad genetic, immunological and environmental factors may contribute to an individual's susceptibility to neurological disease. Here, we review and discuss the decades long research on the influence of genetic variation at the MHC locus and the role of immunogenetic killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor ( KIR ) loci in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings of immunogenetic association studies are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance in the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of complex traits in various neurological diseases. Future investigation is highly recommended to evaluate both coding and non‐coding variation in immunogenetic loci using high‐throughput high‐resolution next‐generation sequencing technologies in diverse ethnic groups to fully appreciate their role in neurological diseases.
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The associated diseases include a large number of traits queried from an HLA-specific Phewas, including neurological diseases and diseases with risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, pointing to potential shared and/or interacting mechanisms and co-morbidities.
“the associated diseases include a large number of traits queried from an HLA-specific Phewas111, including neurological diseases (for example, Parkinson’s disease112,113) and diseases with risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (for example, hyperthyroidism114), pointing to potential shared and/or interacting mechanisms and co-morbidities”
From Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing (2019) · cites this paper as [113]
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Immunognetics: a tool for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in immune disorders
Maqbool, I., Ali, S. I., Paul, V. I., & Muzaffer, U. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90250-2.00015-7
Immunogenetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
Plotnikova, M. Y., Станиславовна, К. С., Rozhdestvenskikh, E. V., & Андреева, Т. В. (2023) · Russian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1134/s1022795423100101
Immunogenetics of Alzheimer’s disease: the human leukocyte antigen
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Immunogenetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
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Autoreactomes in Healthy Individuals Vary According to HLA Class II GenotypePreprint
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Unresolved questions and challenges in immunogenetics
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- Authors
- Misra, M. K., Damotte, V., & Hollenbach, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hollenbach, Jill A.
- Venue
- Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-12-11
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 399-414
- ISSN
- 0019-2805 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2567
- PMC
- PMC5838423
- OpenAlex
- W2769066475
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (U19NS095774, R01AI128775)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- immunogenetics, major histocompatibility complex, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, genetic susceptibility, polygenic inheritance, non-coding variants, antigen presentation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immunogenetics, Nervous System Diseases, Genetic Variation
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