Cited by 284Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesFood Science and Nutritional StudiesSeed and Plant Biochemistry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Functional properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) phytochemicals and bioactives

Roberts, Joseph L., Moreau, Régis·2016·Food & Function

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Overwhelming evidence indicates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are protective against common chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Leafy green vegetables, in particular, are recognized as having substantial health-promoting activities that are attributed to the functional properties of their nutrients and non-essential chemical compounds. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is widely regarded as a functional food due to its diverse nutritional composition, which includes vitamins and minerals, and to its phytochemicals and bioactives that promote health beyond basic nutrition. Spinach-derived phytochemicals and bioactives are able to (i) scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent macromolecular oxidative damage, (ii) modulate expression and activity of genes involved in metabolism, proliferation, inflammation, and antioxidant defence, and (iii) curb food intake by inducing secretion of satiety hormones. These biological activities contribute to the anti-cancer, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties of spinach. Despite these valuable attributes, spinach consumption remains low in comparison to other leafy green vegetables. This review examines the functional properties of spinach in cell culture, animals and humans with a focus on the molecular mechanisms by which spinach-derived non-essential phytochemicals and bioactives, such as glycolipids and thylakoids, impart their health benefits.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1039/c6fo00051g

Cites

92 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732 · Cited by 8,072
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.3.356 · Cited by 6,698
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.
Wade Harper, J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-g · Cited by 5,651
Function and Activation of NF-kappaB in the Immune System
Baeuerle, P. A., & Henkel, T. (1994) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041 · Cited by 4,745
Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships
Heim, K. E., Tagliaferro, A. R., & Bobilya, D. J. (2002) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00208-5 · Cited by 4,261
Plant Polyphenols as Dietary Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease
Pandey, K. B., & Rizvi, S. I. (2009) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498 · Cited by 3,942
Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity
Gregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322 · Cited by 3,754
Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle
Ghosh, S., & Karin, M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00703-1 · Cited by 3,638
Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?
Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Reed, G. W., & Peters, J. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079857 · Cited by 2,180
Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography
Kühlbrandt, W., Wang, D., & Fujiyoshi, Y. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/367614a0 · Cited by 1,904

Show all 92 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

T. E. Morelock and J. C.Correll, in Vegetables: Handbook of Plant Breeding, ed. J. Prohens-Tomás and F. Nuez, Springer, New York, 2008, vol. 1, pp. 189–218
Delchier, 2012, Food Sci. Technol., 49, 197
V. Lattanzio , in Natural Products, ed. K. G. Ramawat and J.-M. Mérillon, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, 1 edn, 2013, pp. 1543–1580
Sofi, 2013, Int. J. Med. Med. Sci., 5, 55
Zhou, 2006, Food Sci. Technol., 39, 1155
S. Grossman , R.Reznik, T.Tamari and M.Albeck, in Frontiers of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Medicine, ed. K. Asada and T. Yoshikawa, Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1994, pp. 343–344
Nyska, 2003, Toxicol. Pathol., 31, 39
Pool-Zobel, 1998, Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev., 7, 891
Sindhu, 2010, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 48, 843
International Agency for Research on Cancer , World Cancer Report 2014, 2014
Longnecker, 1997, Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev., 6, 887
World Health Organization , Global Report on Diabetes, 2016
Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 2014
Kumar, 2010, Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 5, 87

Sorted by citations

Items 201–284 of 284

Zero-valent iron reduces cadmium and arsenic accumulation in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.)
Nakamura, T., Osaki, M., & Watanabe, T. (2023) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2023.2280151 · Cited by 2
“Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) is a popular leafy vegetable with high nutritional value that is consumed worldwide (Roberts and Moreau 2016).”
Background
Spinach genomes reveal migration history and candidate genes for important crop traits
An, N. H., Sandell, F. L., Himmelbauer, H., & Dohm, J. C. (2024) · NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/nargab/lqae034 · Cited by 2
“Apart from its bountiful harvest, spinach has gained recognition for its high abundance of essential minerals, vitamins A, C and E, as well as flavonoids ( 2–5 ).”
BackgroundResult
Green Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles as Promising Antibacterial and Antitumor Agents: In Vitro Studies
Hosseini, S. M., Soleimani, A., Khaleghi, S., & Hajrasouliha, S. (2024) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-024-01374-8 · Cited by 2
“One of these organisms that has been remarkably applied in medicine is Spinacia olera-cea ( S. oleracea ) plant [32].”
Pesticides’ Impact on the Nutritious and Bioactive Molecules of Green Leafy Vegetables: Spinach and Lettuce
Mhya, D. H., & Mohammed, A. (2025) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-025-02284-4 · Cited by 2
“Spinach is reported to contain vitamins and antioxidant molecules that protect human beings from chronic diseases and increase the health of organs such as the brain, heart, and eye ( Roberts and Moreau 2016).”
Effects of Detox Juices on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Universal Chromatic Resin Composites
Yenidunya, O., & Misilli, T. (2025) · Operative Dentistry · doi:10.2341/24-006-l · Cited by 2
Potential of the VIR Spinach collection for use in breeding
Kiselev, E. G., & Соколова, Д. В. (2025) · VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA · doi:10.18619/2072-9146-2025-2-36-44 · Cited by 2
Effects of media composition and nutrient film hydroponic technique on the yield of two spinach species (Spinacia oleracea L. and Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima L.)
Rautela, I. S., Chauhan, H. K., & Tamta, S. (2025) · Food and Humanity · doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100700 · Cited by 2
Bioactive Molecules, Nutraceuticals, and Functional Foods in Indian Vegetarian Diet and During Postpartum Healthcare
Arora, J., & Ramawat, K. G. (2019) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_71 · Cited by 2
Spinacia oleracea L. extract attenuates hippocampal expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress
Pezeshki-Nia, S., Asle‐Rousta, M., & Mahmazi, S. (2020) · Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · doi:10.47176/mjiri.34.10 · Cited by 2
Effects of Consumption of Caged and Un-Caged Chicken Meat on Ovarian Health of Female Wistar Rats
Ahmad, S., Ahmed, I., Haider, S., Batool, Z., Ahmed, F., Tabassum, S., Madiha, S., Perveen, T., & Ahmed, S. B. (2018) · Pakistan Journal of Zoology · doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.487.493 · Cited by 2
Roles of medicinal plants in the treatment of connective tissue diseases
Kesh, S. S., & Palai, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821556-2.00027-x · Cited by 2
Pancreas-Stimulating Foods: Cholecystokinin Enhancers
Udenigwe, C. C., Stefano, E. D., Tsige, F., & Gunenc, A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21761-7 · Cited by 2
The Effects of Thylakoid-Rich Spinach Extract Combined with the Calorie-Restricted Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical TrialPreprint
Tabrizi, F. P. F., Farhangi, M. A., Vaezi, M., & Hemmati, S. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29599/v1 · Cited by 2
“Previous studies revealed the documented potential roles of spinach extract in the restoration of these conditions by suppressing reactive oxygen species(ROS), lowering oxidative damage, and inhibiting NF-κB activation and consequent pro-in ammatory markers [15, 47, 48].”
Background
Certification and Long-Term Stability Assessments of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in Spinach and Kimchi Cabbage Certified Reference Materials Using Tri-enzyme Method and Isotope Dilution Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Hyung, S.-W., & Lee, J. (2024) · Chromatographia · doi:10.1007/s10337-024-04369-1 · Cited by 1
“Spinach is a nutritious vegetable rich in vitamins and minerals, while kimchi cabbage, also called Chinese cabbage, is commonly used to make the well-known fermented kimchi [25, 26].”
Solarplast® Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activity In Vivo and Positively Modulates Perceived Anti-Ageing Quality of Life Questionnaire and Skin Analogue Scale
Rea, K., Inarejos-García, A. M., Bermell, S. G., Garcia-Bou, R., Olusoga, Y., & Deaton, J. G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252312689 · Cited by 1
Optimization of blanching condition for removing potassium from spinach using response surface methodology
Lim, J. E., Ye, S., Shin, J.-S., Kim, H.-Y., Bae, J., Oh, S.-M., & Baik, M. (2024) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-024-01782-y · Cited by 2
“Notably, 100 g of spinach Ji-Eun Lim and Sang-Jin Ye these authors contributed equally to this work. contains 633 mg of potassium, which meets 16% of the daily requirement (Roberts and Moreau, 2016).”
Intra- and inter-population variation in Spinacia turkestanica: Implications for spinach genetic resources sampling
van Treuren, R., Krysiak, M., Goud, J.-K., Kimura, R., & Kik, C. (2025) · Current Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100507 · Cited by 1
Identification of a Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2 (BBWV2) Isolate (BBWV2-SP) from Spinacia oleracea L.
Zhao, X., Liu, Z., She, H., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Gao, W., & Qian, W. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26135946 · Cited by 1
“Spinach contains high amounts of minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, Potas-Int sium), vitamins and antioxidant molecules [1], and most nutrients are concentrated in the leaves [2].”
Effect of Far-UVC and Violet Irradiation on the Microbial Contamination of Spinach Leaves and Their Vitamin C and Chlorophyll Contents
Gerdt, A., Gierke, A.-M., Vatter, P., & Heßling, M. (2025) · doi:10.3390/blsf2025047001 · Cited by 1
Impact of Monoculture and Various Ratios of Intercropped Oats and Daikon Radish Cover Crops on Soil Properties, Weed Suppression, and Spinach Yield
Ahmadnia, F., Ebadi, A., Alebrahim, M. T., & Hashemi, M. (2025) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture15192002 · Cited by 1
Investigation of Phytochemical and Enzymatic Characteristics of Quinoa in an Intercropping Production System with Maize in Response to Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Fertilizer
Rostami, T., Abbasdokht, H., Makarian, H., Gholipoor, M., & karimzadehasl, K. (2025) · International Journal of Plant Production · doi:10.1007/s42106-025-00381-z · Cited by 1
“The con - centration of TF was determined using a calibration curve (y = 0.0326x + 0.0046, R 2 = 0.999) prepared with catechol from Sigma Chemicals as the standard (Roberts & Moreaua, 2016).”
Influential
Chemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum tamala (Indian bay leaf) extract
Daniel, I. E., John, J. E., & Akpan, I. S. (2025) · Communication in Physical Sciences · doi:10.4314/cps.v12i2.21 · Cited by 1
Coccinia grandis Leaves: A Rich Source of Nutrients and Bioactives With Potent Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti‐Arthritic Properties
Akter, F., Mahib, M. M. R., Hoque, M. R., Islam, M. R., & Kabir, M. G. (2025) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1155/jfbc/9416187 · Cited by 1
Effects of edible microparticle-based coatings on postharvest quality, ascorbic acid, total phenolic, and total antioxidant capacity of spinach
Hancı, F., Yıldız, E., Tunç, Y., Khadivi, A., & Yaman, M. (2026) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03990-4 · Cited by 1
An Overview of Natural Antioxidant Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Moni, S. S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3758-7_13 · Cited by 1
Modeling the effects of alkalinity on morphological and photosynthetic traits of two spinach cultivars using artificial intelligence
Fani, E., & Mokari, M. (2026) · International Journal of Vegetable Science · doi:10.1080/19315260.2026.2613416 · Cited by 1
“Spinach is very nutrient-rich, containing abundant micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins, and also bioactive phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavones, glycosides, flavanols, and methylenedioxyflavonol glucuronides (Roberts and Moreau, 2016; Gutierrez et al., 2019; Bayarash et al., 2020).”
Antimicrobial, Phytochemical and Dyeing Activities of Some Common Household Vegetables
Nagarkar, P., Dutta, D., Mhatre, A., Bhatia, P., Manoti, N., & Rathod, S. (2022) · International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology · doi:10.32628/ijsrst229328 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Biocontrol Agents and Fungicides against Alternaria Leaf Spot of Spinach
Jangid, A., Shringi, A., Chakma, M., Srivastava, S., & Rana, M. (2022) · Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal · doi:10.18805/ag.d-5657 · Cited by 1
Rapid-screening Bioassay Assessing Potential Allelopathic Influence on Spinach by Aqueous Extract from Fresh, Whole-plant Sorghum-sudangrass Tissue
Pierce, K. W., & Nattrass, M. P. (2023) · HortScience · doi:10.21273/hortsci17158-23 · Cited by 1
Effect of organic substrates on growth, yield, and quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Chau, N. T. M., & Diem, N. T. T. (2024) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012016 · Cited by 1
Plant sources for functional ingredients—proteins
Kurek, M. A., Napiórkowska, A., & Aktaş, H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-16017-2.00005-x · Cited by 1
Ethanol added to washing water delays yellowing in Spinacia oleracea L. cv. ‘Matador’
Koc, A., Kasım, M. U., & Kasım, R. (2024) · Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus · doi:10.24326/asphc.2024.5363 · Cited by 1
“Thanks to these nutrients, spinach decreases the risks of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and strokes and has positive effects such as lipid-lowering, anti-in - flammatory characteristics, and anti-cancer properties [Shashirekha et al. 2015, Roberts and Moreau 2016].”
Background
Male Sterility Systems Expediting the Breeding of Leafy Vegetables: A Case of Lettuce
Priyadarsini, S., Singh, S., Nandi, A., Bhatia, R., Dey, S. S., Acharya, G. C., Das, A., & Singh, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3429-3_2 · Cited by 1
Beneficial cyanobacteria as seed coatings to enhance the storability and viability indices of spinach seeds
Nivedha, R. M., Prasanna, R., Khatun, M., Varsha, D., Bhardwaj, A., LAL, S. K., Basu, S., Rej, S., Singh, A. K., & Shivay, Y. S. (2025) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103844 · Cited by 1
Study of qualitative attributes of mixed juice using carrot, spinach and beetroot
Singh, R., & Kumar, D. (2019) · FOOD SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL · doi:10.15740/has/fsrj/10.2/176-180 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Nootropic Activity of Spinacia oleracea in Scopolamine Induced Cognitive Decline Mice
Venkateshw, E., Re, L. R., Kulandaivelu, U., & Sheshagiri, B. (2019) · Research Journal of Medicinal Plant · doi:10.3923/rjmp.2019.155.161 · Cited by 1
Extraction of Chlorophyll From Technologically Prepared Spinach Leaves
Nugmanov, A. H.-H., Aleksanyan, I. Y., Salvatierra-Barzola, M. A., Titova, L. M., & З.М., А. (2021) · International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology · doi:10.14445/22315381/ijett-v69i4p215 · Cited by 1
Cereal matinal colorido naturalmente utilizando farinhas de vegetais
Sebastião, V. G. (2021) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2021.1165551 · Cited by 1
Investigation of Phytochemical Characteristics of Quinoa in an Intercropping Production System with Maize in Response to Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus FertilizerPreprint
Rostami, T., Abbasdokht, H., Makarian, H., Gholipoor, M., & Asl, K. K. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3930581/v1 · Cited by 1
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЗАТРАТ ЭНЕРГИИ ПРИ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ НОВОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО ИЗМЕЛЬЧЕНИЯ ШПИНАТНОГО ЛИСТА
З.М., А., Nugmanov, A. H.-H., И.Ю., А., Николаевна, Л. В., & Polikarpova, V. E. (2020) · Вестник Красноярского государственного аграрного университета · doi:10.36718/1819-4036-2020-4-169-178
Experimental research of garden spinach extract as a potential anabolic medicinal product
Nykyforuk, A., Степанівна, Ф. Л., Lykhatskyі, P. H., & Пида, В. П. (2020) · Pharmacia · doi:10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56880
“It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor effects (Gutierrez et al. 2019; Roberts and Moreau 2016).”
Background
An Anti-radical, Cytoprotective, Anti-proliferative, Anti-inflammatory and Toxicological Assessment of Metallo-porphyrins Isolated from Fresh Leaves of Spinacia oleracea L.
Das, D., Patil, S., & Gajbhiye, A. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i49b33360
Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD ratsPreprint
Amirinejad, A., Totmaj, A. S., Mardali, F., Hekmatdoost, A., Emamat, H., Safa, M., & Shidfar, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-492861/v1
Pharmacognostic Evaluation on Four Commonly Used Antianemic Plants
Thumar, M., Pethani, T. M., & Patel, N. V. (2022) · Journal of Integrated Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/jihs.jihs_12_22
Еда для повышения уровня лейкоцитов
Наталья, Т., & Татьяна, Е. (2021) · Журнал здорового питания и диетологии · doi:10.59316/.vi16.109
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО СОСТАВА ПРОДУКТОВ НАПРАВЛЕННОЙ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬЮ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЛОДОВ БАХЧЕВЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Yerenova, B., & Sakyp, N. (2023) · Izdenister natigeler · doi:10.37884/2-2023/40
Effect of Planting Dates on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Quality of Some Genotypes of Spinach (Spinacia oleraceae L.)
Abdalla, M., Haridy, A. G., Abd-EL-Rahman, M., Mosilhy, D. S., & Sayed, M. I. (2023) · Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences/Assuit Journal of Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.21608/ajas.2023.179135.1208
“Spinach is abundant in vitamins and minerals (Morelock and Correll, 2008; Roberts and Moreau, 2016).”
Background
Using chlorophyll extract as a natural food source for Carassius auratus and adult male Wistar Hannover rats
Alghamdi, M., Alharbi, N., Alharbi, R., Alsobhi, R. E., Ashangity, R. A., Aldagal, M. M., & Sharawi, S. E. (2023) · International Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.22271/flora.2023.v11.i5a.888
“Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a vegetable rich in vitamins and minerals ([17]), as well as antioxidant properties such as vitamins E and C [18, .”
Background
Storage of green vegetable spinach using a food environment
Прісс, О. П., Ulіanych, O. I., Shevchuk, K. M., Yakover, O. I., & Vakhovska, A. V. (2023) · Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture · doi:10.32782/2415-8240-2023-103-1-7-17
Los metabolitos secundarios biosintetizados por las espinacas (Spinacea oleracea L.) y su cultivo in vitro: Una revisión
Regional., C. D. P. P. D. E. P. E. D. A., Herrera-Cabrera, B. E., Montoya, J. M., Regional., I. P. N. U. S. C. I. D. I. P. E. D. I., González, L. M. B., del Rio, A. C., Navarro, B. J. V., Barrales-Cureño, H. J., & Sustentable., I. T. D. E. S. D. Z. C. E. I. E. I. A. (2024) · e-CUCBA · doi:10.32870/e-cucba.vi21.318
Iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pazalja, M., LINDOV, A., SPAHIĆ, M., & Salihović, M. (2023) · Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Food Science and Technology · doi:10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2023.0002
“A versatile plant, spinach is eaten both raw (in salads and smoothies) and cooked (e.g., steamed, casseroles, soups) (Roberts and Moreau, 2016).”
Background
Application of mobile fluorescence spectroscopy in determination of varietal differences in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Slavova, V. (2024) · Agricultural Science and Technology · doi:10.15547/ast.2024.01.004
The effect of washing for the shelf-life parameters of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Pócsik-Sáfrány, K., Ansaroudi, R. S., Zabiák, A., Mihály, K., Csótó, A., & Sándor, E. (2024) · Acta Agraria Debreceniensis · doi:10.34101/actaagrar/1/13575
High Bioavailability of Spinach Folate Evaluated by Functional Biomarkers in a Folate Depletion-Repletion Mouse Model
Umegaki, K., Ozeki, A., & Yokotani, K. (2024) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.70.305
Diabetes Remission After Radical Nephrectomy in a Geriatric Patient With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—34 Months’ Follow-Up
Tripathi, P., KADAM, N. S., Sharma, B., Shah, M. H., Vijayakumar, V., & Kuppusamy, M. (2024) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae210
The effect of cultivar type on the production of Spinacia oleracea L.
Novac, T. (2025) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.2025.1416.35
Bioactive Phytochemicals from Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) By-products
Chouaibi, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80700-8_5
Stability evaluation of aerial parts extracts of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) using spinatoside
Lee, S., Kim, D.-Y., Kim, J., Kam, S. H., Ro, B., Oh, S. M., Kim, H., & Ryu, H. W. (2025) · Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry · doi:10.3839/jabc.2025.025
Residue regulation and dissipation pattern of five typical pesticides on spinach in cool climate region
Song, L., Li, A., Yang, X., Zixi, Y. A. N. G., Zhao, Y., Wei, Y., Liu, J., Pan, C., & Liang, G. (2025) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107828
The impact of plasma activated water on spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) growth, development and content of plant bioactive compounds
Blažinkov, M., Fajdetić, N. R., Mirosavljević, K., Benković, R., Ostojić, L. B., Zima, D., Antunović, S., Knezović, I., & Benković-Lačić, T. (2025) · Folia Horticulturae · doi:10.2478/fhort-2025-0007
“Bioactive compounds in spinach include phenolic compounds and carotenoids (Roberts and Moreau, 2016; Park et al., 2023).”
Investigation of DNA Protective Activities and Antimicrobial Effects of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plant Extracts on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
YILMAZ, S., Kılıç, İ. H., Ali, M., & Özaslan, M. (2025) · The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics · doi:10.55549/epstem.1755143
Beneficial effects of PerformLyteTM, a prodosomed phytonutrient-enriched electrolyte formulation, in enhancing neuro-muscular synergy, immune competence, cellular aerobic glycolysis and sports performance
Downs, B. W., Banik, S. P., Morrison, B. S., Chakraborty, T. R., Bagchi, M., Chakraborty, S., Kushner, S. W., & Bagchi, D. (2025) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202518702001
남해 시금치(보물초)의 열풍건조 온도별 수화복원성, 비타민, 카로티노이드 및 항산화 활성 비교
박, 유., 정, 광., 한, 송., 김, 지., 박, 소., & Park, Y. (2025) · 한국식품조리과학회지 · doi:10.9724/kfcs.2025.41.4.234
Protein and iron enrichment on functional chicken sausage using plant-based natural resources
Nuhriawangsa, A. M. P., Kartikasari, L. R., Prastowo, S., & Ratriyanto, A. (2025) · Open Agriculture · doi:10.1515/opag-2025-0477
Spectral regions informative for polyphenols and flavonoid content in spinach. Open field reflectance investigation through linear regression and machine learning
Polilli, W., Stagnari, F., Mattia, C. D., Flamminii, F., Campanelli, G., Platani, C., & Galieni, A. (2025) · Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo · doi:10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100400
Additional file 1 of Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review
Brouwer-Brolsma, E. M., Brandl, B., Buso, M. E. C., Skurk, T., & Manach, C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12109752
Additional file 1 of Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats
Amirinejad, A., Totmaj, A. S., Mardali, F., Hekmatdoost, A., Emamat, H., Safa, M., & Shidfar, F. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16569745
Additional file 2 of Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats
Amirinejad, A., Totmaj, A. S., Mardali, F., Hekmatdoost, A., Emamat, H., Safa, M., & Shidfar, F. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16569748
Foods, herbs, and phytoconstituents in alleviating metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A review
Neelab, Zeb, A., & Jamil, M. (2026) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102648
Effect of Spinacia oleracea on In Vitro Disintegration and Dissolution of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablets
Sadaqa, D., Naseef, H. A., Radwan, A., Rabba, A., & Muqedi, R. H. M. (2026) · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · doi:10.1002/prp2.70223
“It is highly nutritious and rich in metals like manganese, copper, calcium, folate, Vitamin K, and Vitamin A [9].”
Spinach Germination and Seedling Growth Promoted by Electrical Stimulation via Negative Air Ions
An, J.-I., Yeom, M.-S., & Oh, M. (2026) · Horticultural Science and Technology · doi:10.7235/hort.20260001
Bioavailability of lutein following short-term consumption of raw vegetables and juice
Choi, S.-H., Kim, K. Y., Moon, H.-R., Jeong, H.-Y., Kang, M.-J., Lee, S., Park, E., Hong, Y., & Yun, J. (2026) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2026.20.2.253
“This study focused on the effects of lutein intake, the potential influence of other bioactive compounds present in the test foods was not accounted for in the analysis [56-58].”
The Activity of Spinacia oleracea Extract on Testicular Tissue, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde in Male Albino Rats
Al-Salamy, N. Q., & Al-Taee, N. S. N. (2026) · Medical Journal of Babylon · doi:10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_1796_23
Impact of Postharvest Handling, Cooking, and Freezing on Flavonoids and Radical Scavenging Capabilities in Spinach
Tareq, F. S., Lee, E. Y., Wang, X., Singh, J., Wang, I., Jansen, A., Bukowski, M. R., Luthria, D. L., Pehrsson, P. R., Yu, L., et al. (2026) · ACS Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acsfoodscitech.5c01214
Genetic identification of Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach and its management using synthetic fungicides and citrus peel extracts
Kanwal, F., Atiq, M., Furqan, M., Anwar, K., Qaisar, M. H., Nawaz, A., Iqbal, S., Ali, F., Wahab, M., & Rajput, N. A. (2026) · Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection · doi:10.1080/03235408.2026.2679751
“In addition, spinach’s stout support in blood clotting, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and blood pressure regulation bolsters its status as a vital component of a well-adjusted diet (Roberts and Moreau 2016; Kakar et al. 2020).”
Metabolomic Characterization of Baby Spinach Phenolics Transformation During Gastrointestinal Digestion and Microbiome-Mediated Metabolism
Ali, A., & Cui, L. (2026) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods15111893
“Spinach and other leafy vegetables are rich in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols such as quercetin derivatives [2,5].”
Valorization of Cultivated and Wild Spinach Varieties: Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Cherrad, H., Mohammed, A. S., Alachaher, F. Z., & Krouf, D. (2026) · International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering · doi:10.22399/ijcesen.5282
“Spinacia oleracea L., a cultivated plant belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, is widely consumed and appreciated for its high nutritional value and rich content of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids (Roberts and Moreau, 2016).”
Agrobiological assessment of spinach varieties and hybrids in the North-West of the Russian Federation
Адрицкая, Н. А. (2025) · Contemporary Horticulture · doi:10.52415/23126701-2025-0412
Testing Soil Fertility, Tomato Yield and Quality, and Residual Spinach Performance under Integrated Fruit-Waste Compost, Manure and NPK Fertilization
Kartal, H., & Geboloğlu, N. (2026) · Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1723011
Coated nanoceria alleviates salinity stress in spinach under localized seed exposure: The decisive role of nano-bio interfaces
Hong, J., Wei, Y., Wu, Z., Wang, L., & Rico, C. M. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128875
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat genes associated with downy mildew resistance in spinach
Jiao, Y., Yuan, M., Wang, X., Wang, X., Xu, C., & Cai, X. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21599
“Spinach germplasms (cultivated and wild) exhibit rich morphological diversity, including variation in traits such as carotenoid content, folate content, oxalate content, and nitrate content ( Roberts & Moreau, 2016 ).”
Impact of Solarplast® on Oxidative Stress, Immune Function, and Skin Appearance in Active Smokers and Non-Smokers
Bloomer, R. J., Pence, J., Stockton, M. B., & Signaigo, A. (2026) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2026.178045
Phytochemical profiling and heavy metal accumulation in organic and local market food crops: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - based comparative evaluation
Raj, A., Gauba, P., & Bhatt, E. (2026) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202625202001
Influence of Different Compost-Based Growth Media for Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Leafy VegetablesPreprint
Beg, M., & Rahman, M. K. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11064265/v1

Authors: Roberts, J. L., & Moreau, R.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Corresponding author: Roberts, Joseph L.
ORCID: Roberts, Joseph L.
Moreau, Régis
Venue: Food & Function
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Published: 2016
Volume: 7
Issue: 8
Pages: 3337-3353
ISSN: 2042-6496 (ISSN-L)
2042-650X
DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00051g
OpenAlex: W2471377492
Cited by: 283
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 1.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Food & Function (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
Keywords: spinach, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, functional foods, leafy vegetables, reactive oxygen species scavenging, oxidative damage, gene expression modulation, satiety hormones, food intake regulation, anticancer activity, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic activity, hypolipidemic activity, glycolipids, thylakoids, antioxidant defense, inflammation
MeSH terms: Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anticholesteremic Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Cells, Cultured, Glycolipids, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Spinacia oleracea, Anti-Obesity Agents, Thylakoids, Cell Proliferation, Functional Food, Phytochemicals

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Functional properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) phytochemicals and bioactives

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks