Cited by 676Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchBehavioral and Psychological StudiesAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

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Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-analytic study

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McClintock, K., Hall, S., Oliver, C.·2003·Journal of Intellectual Disability Research

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00517.x

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Abstract

A meta-analysis of prevalence and cohort studies conducted over the last 30 years was carried out to identify risk markers for challenging behaviour shown by individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs). A total of 86 potential studies was identified from the review, with 22 (25.6%) containing sufficient data to enable a statistical analysis to be conducted. Results indicated that males were significantly more likely to show aggression than females, and that individuals with a severe/profound degree of ID were significantly more likely to show self-injury and stereotypy than individuals with a mild/moderate degree of ID. Individuals with a diagnosis of autism were significantly more likely to show self-injury, aggression and disruption to the environment whilst individuals with deficits in receptive and expressive communication were significantly more likely to show self-injury. In most cases, tests for heterogeneity were statistically significant, as expected. The meta-analysis highlighted the paucity of methodologically robust studies of risk markers for challenging behaviours and the lack of data on incidence, prevalence and chronicity of challenging behaviour in this population.

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Authors: McClintock, K., Hall, S., & Oliver, C.
Affiliations: University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author: Oliver, C.
ORCID: Hall, S.
Oliver, C.
Venue: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-08-15
Volume: 47
Issue: 6
Pages: 405-416
ISSN: 0964-2633 (ISSN-L)
1365-2788
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00517.x
OpenAlex: W1975575139
Cited by: 675
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 1.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.birmingham.ac.uk
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords: behavioral problems, intellectual disability, risk indicators, aggression, self-harm, stereotypy, autism spectrum disorder, communication difficulties, sex differences, severity of intellectual disability, environmental disturbance
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Child, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Self-Injurious Behavior

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Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-analytic study

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