Recognition of expertise: An important concept in the acquisition of nephrology nursing expertise
Open accessAbstract
The present article, which is abstracted from a larger study into the acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise, aims to explore the concept of recognition of expertise. The study used grounded theory methodology and involved 17 registered nurses who were practising in a metropolitan renal unit in New South Wales, Australia. Concurrent data collection and analysis was undertaken, incorporating participant observations and interviews. According to nurses in this study, patients, doctors and other nurses recognized that some nurses were experts while others were not. In addition, being trusted, being a role model and teaching others were important components of being recognized as an expert nephrology nurse. Of importance for nursing, the results of the present study indicate that knowledge and experience are not sufficient to ensure expert practice; recognition of expertise by others is an important function of expertise acquisition.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The exercise of expertise is a function of the recognition of expertise by others.
“the exercise of expertise is a function of the recognition of expertise by others”
From The acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise: a grounded theory study (2006) · cites this paper as Bonner 2003
The Recognition of expertise section and Conclusions say that nephrology nurses must be recognised by others as experts in order to practise as experts. The citing sentence captures that finding but states it about expertise generally, beyond the nephrology nursing setting studied. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe centrality of the recognition of expertise was a necessary feature for the exercise of expert practice.
“Firstly, the centrality of the recognition of expertise was a necessary feature for the exercise of expert practice.”
From The acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise: a grounded theory study (2006) · cites this paper as Bonner, 2003
In order to perform skills at this advanced level, expert nurses needed to be recognised by others as expert.
“In order to perform skills at this advanced level, expert nurses needed to be recognised by others as expert (Bonner 2003).”
From The acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise: a grounded theory study (2006) · cites this paper as Bonner 2003
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Wagner, H. R., Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1968) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575405 · Cited by 46,470 · see citing works
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques.
Ellis, C., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074814 · Cited by 29,279 · see citing works
Handbook of Qualitative Research
Crozier, G., Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3121684 · Cited by 26,636 · see citing works
Basics of Qualitative Research
Ozanne, J. L., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1992) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172751 · Cited by 17,852 · see citing works
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques
Long, D. R., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1993) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328955 · Cited by 17,612 · see citing works
Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists
Strauss, A. L. (1987) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511557842 · Cited by 12,277 · see citing works
Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990) · Qualitative Sociology · doi:10.1007/bf00988593 · Cited by 11,133 · see citing works
Handbook of Qualitative Research.
Fine, G. A., Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1995) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076550 · Cited by 7,799 · see citing works
Nursing Research: Principles and Methods
McFarland, G. K., Polit, D. F., & Hungler, B. P. (1987) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.2307/3425916 · Cited by 6,942 · see citing works
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,077 · see citing works
Analyzing social settings : a guide to qualitative observation and analysis
Lofland, J. (1971) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 5,656 · see citing works
Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement
Albuam, G., & Oppenheim, A. N. (1993) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172892 · Cited by 4,999 · see citing works
FROM NOVICE TO EXPERT EXCELLENCE AND POWER IN CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE
Benner, P. (1984) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-198412000-00025 · Cited by 4,720 · see citing works
Delmont, S., & Mason, J. (1997) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/591613 · Cited by 4,245 · see citing works
FROM NOVICE TO EXPERT: EXCELLENCE AND POWER IN CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE
Benner, P. (1984) · AJN, American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-198412000-00027 · Cited by 2,860 · see citing works
(1992) · Cited by 2,855 · see citing works
Benner, P. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 1,850 · see citing works
Nursing research : the application of qualitative approaches
Morse, J. M., & Field, P. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,486 · see citing works
Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies
Prus, R., & Jorgensen, D. L. (1990) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3340930 · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works
(2001) · Cited by 1,204 · see citing works
Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment and Ethics
Benner, P., Tanner, C. A., & Chesla, C. A. (1996) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning.
Janesick, V. J. (1994) · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Jorgensen, D. L. (1989) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412985376 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Clinical Judgment: How Expert Nurses Use Intuition
Benner, P., & Tanner, C. (1987) · The American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.2307/3470396 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Expertise in Nursing Practice, Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics
&NA; (1997) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-199703000-00013 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Nursing Research—Principles and Methods
Sweeney, J. P. (1991) · Gastroenterology Nursing · doi:10.1097/00001610-199110000-00012 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
From practice to grounded theory: qualitative research in nursing
Clarke, M. (1987) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/0020-7489(87)90009-5 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Benner, P. (1982) · The American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.2307/3462928 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Morse, J. M., & Field, P. A. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4471-9 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Mentorship in nursing: a literature review
Andrews, M. M., & Wallis, M. (1999) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00884.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Expert: a discussion of the implications of the concept as used in nursing
Jasper, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040769.x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Delbridge, A., & Yallop, C. L. (1996) · English Today · doi:10.1017/s0266078400008725 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Handbook for research methods in health sciences
Darzins, P. J. (2003) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1630.2003.03562.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Johns, J. L. (1996) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.16310.x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Worlds of Illness: Biographical and Cultural Perspectives on Health and Disease
Pushkin, R. (1994) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.48.1.103-a · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Discovery of Nursing Gestalt in Critical Care Nursing: The Importance of the Gray Gorilla Syndrome
Pyles, S. H., & Stern, P. N. (1983) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1983.tb01356.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Interprofessional relations between doctors and nurses: perspectives from South Wales
Snelgrove, S. R., & Hughes, D. (2000) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01321.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Trust Between Family and Health Care Provider
Lynn-McHale, D. J., & Deatrick, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Family Nursing · doi:10.1177/107484070000600302 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Clinical role modelling: uncovering hidden knowledge
Davies, E. (1993) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18040627.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Jolley, M., & Allan, P. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3328-7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Expert nursing behaviors in care of the dying adult in the intensive care unit
McClement, S., & Degner, L. F. (1995) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/s0147-9563(05)80063-9 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The pursuit of excellence in nursing care: what does it mean?
Coulon, L., Mok, M., Krause, K., & Anderson, M. (1996) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.25921.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Advancing Nursing Practice with a Unit‐based Clinical Expert
HANNEMAN, S. K. G. (1996) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1996.tb00383.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Macquarie dictionary: 2nd ed.
Hannan, M. F. (1991) · Cross Connect (Southern Cross University) · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mentors and preceptors in the nursing profession
Madison, J., Watson, K., & Knight, B. A. (1994) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.5172/conu.3.3.121 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Determining and Discerning Expert Practice
Adams, A. M. N., Pelletier, D., Duffield, C. M., Nagy, S. A., Crisp, J., Mitten‐Lewis, S., & Murphy, J. (1997) · Clinical Nurse Specialist · doi:10.1097/00002800-199709000-00011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Revealing higher levels of nursing practice
Ball, C. (1999) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0964-3397(99)80002-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cultivating expertise in oncology nursing: methods, mentors, and memories.
Johnson, L., Cohen, M. Z., & Hull, M. M. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Learn the ropes from a mentor.
Puetz, B. E. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Competency based standards for advanced practice in nephrology nursing
Stewart, G., & Bonner, A. (2000) · EDTNA-ERCA Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1755-6686.2000.tb00106.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationA & E nurses' constructs on the nature of nursing expertise: a repertory grid technique
Edwards, B. (1998) · Accident and Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0965-2302(98)90053-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The relationship of mentoring to job satisfaction of critical care nurses.
Ecklund, M. M. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Research priorities for nephrology nursing: American Nephrology Nurses' Association's Delphi Study.
Lewis, S. L., Cooper, C. L., Cooper, K., Bonner, P. N., Parker, K. E., & Frauman, A. C. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Producing the magnum opus: the acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise
Bonner, A. (2001) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ‘expert’nurse comforter: Perceptions of medical/surgical patients
Walker, A. C. (1996) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1440-172x.1996.tb00020.x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Defining role models for staff orientation
Kinley, H. (1995) · Nursing Standard · doi:10.7748/ns.10.8.27.s37 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Critical care nursing in Canada
Ball, C. (1999) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1054/iccn.1999.1451 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Characteristics of nephrology nurse researchers and their research.
Hoffart, N. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Specialisation in nursing: implications in Australia.
Stewart, G. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Brown S, Tiavale M. The neurosurgical nurse expert: myths and realities. Australas. J. Neurosci. 1996; 9: 4-9.
- Davis J. Expanding horizons. Nurs. Times. 1992; 88: 37-39.
- Hoffart N. Directory of nephrology nurse researchers. ANNA J. 1992; 19: 291-320.
- Jenny J, Logan J. Promoting ventilatory independence: a grounded theory perspective. DCCN. 1994; 13: 29-37.
- Molzahn A. An evaluation of the nephrology nursing literature: 1979-1989. ANNA J. 1993; 20: 392-428.
- Schardin KE. Scope of practice for nephrology nursing. ANNA J. 1995; 22: 413-415.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding clinical expertise: Nurse education, experience, and the hospital context
McHugh, M. D., & Lake, E. T. (2010) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20388 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Simulation-based surgical education
Evgeniou, E., & Loizou, P. (2012) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06315.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
How do children's nurses make clinical decisions? Two preliminary studies
Twycross, A. M., & Powls, L. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01453.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Scott, D. J., Pugh, C. M., Ritter, E. M., Jacobs, L. M., Pellegrini, C. A., & Sachdeva, A. K. (2011) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2010.11.010 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nonphysician Medical Educators: A Literature Review and Job Description Resource
Riesenberg, L. A., Little, B. W., & Wright, V. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ad1a05 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
From expert to tasks, expert nursing practice redefined?
Christensen, M., & Hewitt‐Taylor, J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01601.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nephrology nursing: blurring the boundaries: the reality of expert practice
Bonner, A., & Walker, A. C. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00858.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationFlight nursing expertise: towards a middle‐range theory
Reimer, A. P., & Moore, S. M. (2010) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05269.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise: a grounded theory study
Bonner, A., & Greenwood, J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01361.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationRoche, J. P., Morsi, D., & Chandler, G. E. (2009) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e31819894dc · Cited by 23 · see citing works
COMPETENCIES FOR PRACTICE IN RENAL CARE: A NATIONAL DELPHI STUDY
Lindberg, M., Lundström‐Landegren, K., Johansson, P., Lidén, S., & Holm, U. (2012) · Journal of Renal Care · doi:10.1111/j.1755-6686.2012.00260.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Towards a pedagogy for clinical education: beyond individual learning differences
Kinchin, I. M., Baysan, A., & Cabot, L. (2008) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098770802395587 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Linking Learning and Confidence in Developing Expert Practice
Currie, K. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship · doi:10.2202/1548-923x.1597 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Defining Expertise in Cancer Nursing Practice
Krishnasamy, M., Webb, U. M. M., Babos, S. L. C., Duong, J. T., Rohde, J. E. N., Ting, N. Y. H., Milne, D., Koproski, T., & Mathieson, J. (2020) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000805 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bradley, P., Bond, V., & Bradley, P. (2006) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590500271332 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Thirsk, L. M., Moore, S. G., & Keyko, K. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12370 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nursing expertise: a course of ambiguity and evolution in a concept
Hutchinson, M., Higson, M., Cleary, M. L., & Jackson, D. W. (2016) · Nursing Inquiry · doi:10.1111/nin.12142 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Producing the magnum opus: a metaphor for nephrology nursing expertise acquisition
Bonner, A., & Greenwood, J. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03460.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationAtkinson, J., & Tawse, S. (2006) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2006.09.011 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Exploring the competencies of nephrology nurses: A comprehensive scoping review
Andreoli, D., Palomares, S. M., Mancin, S., Parozzi, M., Gazineo, D., Palmisano, A., Angileri, S., Ricco, M., Anastasi, G., Savini, S., et al. (2024) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.13085 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Barriers to kidney transplants in Indonesia: a literature review
Bennett, P. N., & Hany, A. (2009) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00667.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The presentation of self via everyday vlogging: Analyzing everyday vlogs of Korean expatriates
Choe, H. (2024) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2024.100784 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Perceptions of key influences on effective pre-dialysis nursing care
Walker, R., Abel, S. L., & Meyer, A. (2012) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.5172/conu.2012.42.1.28 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Choe, H. (2024) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2024.10.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jiang, L., Xie, Q.-L., & Chen, L. (2022) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2022/7033840 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The role of the pre-dialysis nurse in New Zealand
Walker, R., Abel, S. L., & Meyer, A. (2010) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amaral, F., & Ferreira, P. L. (2014) · Escola Anna Nery · doi:10.5935/1414-8145.20140070 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dunwoody, D. R., Jungquist, C. R., Chang, Y., & Dickerson, S. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14672 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cassim, N., & Ruggunan, S. D. (2014) · Health SA Gesondheid · doi:10.4102/hsag.v19i1.811 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ortega, Y. G. (2018) · Enfermería Universitaria · doi:10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2011.1.272 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jantzen, D. (2012) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3v133 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Amaducci, G., Baccarini, E., Iemmi, M., Vezzani, E., Somenzi, D., & Pasquali, S. (2017) · Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi · doi:10.33393/gcnd.2017.669 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The paramedic kairotope theory: methodology and rationale
Campeau, A. (2011) · Journal of Paramedic Practice · doi:10.12968/jpar.2011.3.6.318
A phenomenological exploration of midwives accounts of midwifery expertise
Simpson, L. M. (2007) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)
A COOPERATIVE INQUIRY INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORT NURSES’ DECISION MAKING AND EXPERTISE
Reimer, A. P. (2010) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Evolution of Expertise Among Critical Care Nurses
Welch, T. D. (2017) · W. S. Hoole Special Collections Library Manuscript Collections
Nurses Decision Making Process in Peritoneal Dialysis
Amaducci, G., Baccarini, E., Iemmi, M., Vezzani, E., Somenzi, D., & Pasquali, S. (2017) · Giornale di Techniche Nefrologiche e Dialitiche · doi:10.5301/gtnd.2017.17457
Being and Becoming an Exemplary Nurse - an Authentic Journey
Noble-Adams, R. (2006) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16922911.v1
Being and Becoming an Exemplary Nurse - an Authentic Journey
Noble-Adams, R. (2006) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16922911
Perceptions of Key Influences on Effective Pre-dialysis Nursing Care
Walker, R., Abel, S. L., & Meyer, A. (2012) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.5172/conu.2012.1576
Kumari, S., Singh, S., Singh, S., & Kumari, M. M. (2023) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-9119
Bouzid, M., & Houssaïni, T. S. (2026) · Soins Cadres · doi:10.1016/j.scad.2025.12.012
Bouzid, M., & Houssaïni, T. S. (2026) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_567_24
Drogt, J., Jongsma, K. R., & Milota, M. (2026) · Synthese Library/Synthese library · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-10073-3_6
- Authors
- Bonner, A.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bonner, Ann
- ORCID
- Bonner, Ann
- Venue
- Nursing & Health Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-04-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-131
- ISSN
- 1441-0745 (ISSN-L)
- 1442-2018
- OpenAlex
- W2104163184
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nursing and Health Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Nursing Roles and Practices
- Keywords
- recognition of expertise, nephrology nursing, nursing expertise, expertise acquisition, expert practice, role models, trust, teaching others, nursing knowledge and experience
- MeSH terms
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Female, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Male, Nephrology, New South Wales, Nurse Clinicians, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Peer Group, Professional Competence, Social Perception, Specialties, Nursing, Teaching, Nursing Methodology Research, Models, Nursing, Nurse's Role, Trust
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review