On the distance to the North Polar Spur and the local CO-H2factor
Open accessAbstract
Aims. Most models identify the X-ray bright North Polar Spur (NPS) with a hot interstellar (IS) bubble in the Sco-Cen star-forming region at ≃130 pc. An opposite view considers the NPS as a distant structure associated with Galactic nuclear outflows. Constraints on the NPS distance can be obtained by comparing the foreground IS gas column inferred from X-ray absorption to the distribution of gas and dust along the line of sight. Absorbing columns toward shadowing molecular clouds simultaneously constrain the CO-H2 conversion factor.
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X-ray spectra indicate a metallicity of 0.2-0.7 Z⊙, consistent with the metallicity of the CGM (≃0.5 Z⊙) rather than the ISM (≃Z⊙).
“Additionally, the X-ray spectra indicate a metallicity of 0 . 2 -0 . 7 Z ⊙ (Kataoka et al. 2013; Gu et al. 2016; Lallement et al. 2016), consistent with the metallicity of the CGM ( ≃ 0 . 5 Z ⊙ ; Miller & Bregman 2015; Faerman et al. 2017, 2020) than the ISM ( ≃ Z ⊙ ; Maciel & Costa 2010; De Cia et al. 2021).”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Lallement et al. 2016
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- Authors
- Lallement, R., Snowden, S., Kuntz, K. D., Dame, T. M., Koutroumpa, D., Grenier, I., & Casandjian, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Observatoire de Paris (FR)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Venue
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 595
- Pages
- A131
- ISSN
- 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0746
- PMC
- PMC7430517
- OpenAlex
- W2519440505
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX15AG24G)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- North Polar Spur, interstellar bubbles, distance estimation, X-ray absorption, molecular clouds, shadowing, interstellar dust
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