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Cited by 102Astrophysics and Cosmic PhenomenaAstrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsAstrophysics and Star Formation Studies

Bipolar Hypershell Galactic Center Starburst Model: Further Evidence from ROSAT Data and New Radio and X‐Ray Simulations

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Sofue, Yoshiaki·2000·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1086/309297
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Abstract

Using the all-sky ROSAT soft X-ray and 408 MHz radio continuum data, we show that the North Polar Spur (NPS) and its western and southern counterspurs draw a giant dumbbell shape necked at the Galactic plane. We interpret these features as due to a shock front originating from a starburst 15 million years ago with a total energy of the order of ~10 56 ergs or 10 5 Type II supernovae. We simulate all-sky distributions of radio continuum and soft X-ray intensities based on the bipolar hypershell Galactic center starburst model. The simulations can well reproduce the radio NPS and related spurs, as well as radio spurs in the tangential directions of spiral arms. Simulated X-ray maps in the 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 keV bands reproduce the ROSAT X-ray NPS, its western and southern counterspurs, and the absorption layer along the Galactic plane. We propose to use the ROSAT all-sky maps to probe the physics of gas in the halo-intergalactic interface, and to directly date and measure the energy of a recent Galactic center starburst.

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Crossref · 10.1086/309297

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  • The energy requirement for the X-shaped region is about 10^55 erg, about an order of magnitude smaller than the required energy of about 10^56 erg for the eROSITA bubbles.

    “The energy requirement for the X-shaped region is ∼ 10 55 erg (Bland-Hawthorn & Cohen 2003), about an order of magnitude smaller than the required energy of ∼ 10 56 erg for the eROSITA bubbles (Sofue 2000; Kataoka et al. 2013; Predehl et al. 2021).”

    From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Sofue 2000

    Section 4.1.1 (page unavailable) estimates 10^55–10^56 erg for the paper’s Galactic-center bipolar hypershell model, supporting the cited order of magnitude. It does not identify that estimate as an energy requirement for the eROSITA bubbles; the ∼10^55 erg estimate for the X-shaped region is attributed to a different source. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Egger, R. 1993, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Munich
  2. Pietsch, W., Vogler, A., Klein, U., & Zinnecker, H. 2000, A&A, in press Ryter, Ch. E. 1996, Ap&SS, 236, 285

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Authors
Sofue, Y.
Affiliations
The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author
Sofue, Yoshiaki
ORCID
Sofue, Yoshiaki
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2000-09
Volume
540
Issue
1
Pages
224-235
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.1086/309297
OpenAlex
W2050914817
Cited by
102
References
17
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Keywords
North Polar Spur, shock front, Type II supernovae, radio continuum emission, Galactic halo

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