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Cited by 602Astrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena

ROSAT Survey Diffuse X‐Ray Background Maps. II.

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Snowden, S. L., Egger, R., Freyberg, M. J., McCammon, D., Plucinsky, P. P., Sanders, W. T., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Trumper, J. +1 more·1997·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1086/304399
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Abstract

This paper presents new maps of the soft X-ray background from the ROSAT all-sky survey. These maps represent a significant improvement over the previous version in that (1) the position resolution of the PSPC has been used to improve the angular resolution from ~2° to 12', (2) there are six energy bands that divide each of the previous three into two parts, and (3) the contributions of point sources have been removed to a uniform source flux level over most of the sky. These new maps will be available in electronic format later in 1997. In this paper we also consider the bright emission in the general direction of the Galactic center in the 0.5-2.0 keV band, and the apparent absorption trough that runs through it along the Galactic plane. We find that while the northern hemisphere data are confused by emission from Loop I, the emission seen south of the plane is consistent with a bulge of hot gas surrounding the Galactic center (in our simple model, a cylinder with an exponential fall-off of density with height above the plane). The cylinder has a radial extent of ~5.6 kpc. The X-ray emitting gas has a scale height of 1.9 kpc, an in-plane electron density of ~0.0035 cm -3 , a temperature of ~10 6.6 K, a thermal pressure of ~28,000 cm -3 K, and a total luminosity of ~2 × 10 39 ergs s -1 using a collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) plasma emission model.

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  • In the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the Milky Way is a system with a large-scale (greater than about a kpc) outflow where a multi-wavelength observation of the feedback process is possible.

    “In the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the Milky Way is such a system with a large-scale ( ≳ kpc) outflow where we can possibly have a multi-wavelength observation of the feedback process.”

    From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Snowden et al. 1997

    The Conclusion (page unavailable) describes a plausible Galactic X-ray bulge with a scale height of about 2 kpc, supporting the claim's large-scale Galactic component. It calls the analysis preliminary and does not identify that component as an outflow or link it to a multi-wavelength observation of feedback; the radio and X-ray discussion concerns the nearby Loop I bubble, whose origin is distinguished from the possible bulge emission. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. R. 1994, Ph.D. thesis, Technische Univ.
  2. M. J. 1994, Ph.D. thesis, Technische Univ.
  3. S., Finley, J. P., Snowden, S. L., & Dame, T. M. 1997, ApJ, 476, Park, L77 E., et al. 1987, Proc. SPIE, 733, Pfe †ermann, 519
  4. S. L., Hasinger, G., Jahoda, K., Lockman, F. J., McCammon, D., Snowden, & Sanders, W. T. 1994a, 430, 601
  5. W. 1992, in Proc. Satellite Symp. 3, Space Science with Particular Voges, Emphasis on High-energy Astrophysics, ed. T. D. Guyenne & J. J. Hunt (Noordwijk : ESA), 9 W., et al. 1996, in MPE Report 263, Ro ntgenstrahlung from the Voges, Universe, ed. H. U. Zimmermann, J. E. Tru mper, & H. Yorke (Garching : MPE), 637
  6. W., et al. 1992, in Proc. Satellite Symp. 3, Space Science with Voges, Particular Emphasis on High-energy Astrophysics, ed. T. D. Guyenne & J. J. Hunt (Noordwijk : ESA), 223

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Authors
Snowden, S. L., Egger, R., Freyberg, M. J., McCammon, D., Plucinsky, P. P., Sanders, W. T., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Trumper, J., & Voges, W.
Affiliations
  • Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
  • Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
1997-08-10
Volume
485
Issue
1
Pages
125-135
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.1086/304399
OpenAlex
W1982655690
Cited by
602
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
FWCI
10.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Universities Space Research Association
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
  • Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
  • Goddard Space Flight Center
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Keywords
soft X-ray background, diffuse X-ray emission, ROSAT All-Sky Survey, Galactic Center, Loop I, Galactic bulge, hot gas, X-ray absorption, Galactic plane, collisional ionization equilibrium

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