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Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Release and Adrenergic Mediation of Smoking-Associated Hemodynamic and Metabolic Events
Abstract
We studied the effects of cigarette smoking, sham smoking and smoking during adrenergic blockade in 10 subjects to determine whether smoking released the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, as well as the adrenomedullary hormone epinephrine, and whether smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic changes were mediated through adrenergic mechanisms. Smoking-associated increments in mean (+/- S.E.M.) plasma norepinephrine (227 +/- 23 to 324 +/- 39 pg per milliliter, P less than 0.01) and epinephrine (44 +/- to 113 +/- 27 pg per milliliter, P less than 0.05) were demonstrated. Smoking-associated increments in pulse rate, blood pressure, blood glycerol and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio were prevented by adrenergic blockade; increments in plasma growth hormone and cortisol were not. Since significant smoking-associated increments, in pulse rate, blood pressure and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio, preceded measurable increments in plasma catecholamine concentrations, but were adrenergically mediated, these changes should be attributed to norepinephrine released locally from adrenergic axon terminals within the tissues rather than to increments in circulating catecholamines.
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“mean plasma epinephrine concentrations rise nearly 2-fold during quiet standing (6), ~3-fold during cigarette smoking (26), from 2–13-fold during mild to heavy exercise (27), and 50fold during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (28).”
From Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. (1980) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cryer, P. E., Haymond, M. W., Santiago, J. V., & Shah, S. D.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- ORCID
- Haymond, Morey W.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1976-09-09
- Volume
- 295
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 573-577
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2341712066
- Semantic Scholar
- 61a71636dc3f81cda5208adbb0e928b8f3d3f442
- Cited by
- 1,101
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 19.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, norepinephrine, epinephrine, sympathetic nervous system, adrenergic blockade, plasma catecholamines, hemodynamic response, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood lactate, growth hormone, cortisol, adrenergic neurotransmission
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Epinephrine, Glycerol, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Lactates, Male, Norepinephrine, Phentolamine, Propranolol, Pulse, Pyruvates, Smoking, Growth Hormone, Sympathetic Nervous System, Sympatholytics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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