Cited by 702Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Epidemiology as a Guide to Clinical Decisions: The Association between Triglyceride and Coronary Heart Disease

Hulley, Stephen B., Rosenman, Ray H., Bawol, Richard D., Brand, Richard J.·1980·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm198006193022503

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The hypothesis that triglyceride is a cause of coronary heart disease, although unconfirmed and never universally accepted, has nonetheless strongly influenced the practice of preventive medicine. We have examined the epidemiologic association between triglyceride and coronary heart disease to evaluate the validity of inferring that there is a causal relation between the two. Neither the evidence from published studies nor an analysis of data from the Western Collaborative Group Study provides strong support for the causal hypothesis. Information from other scientific disciplines is also meager, contrasting with the coherence of diverse evidence supporting the hypothesis that cholesterol is a cause of coronary heart disease. These arguments fall short of disproving the belief that lowering triglyceride will prevent coronary heart disease, especially since triglyceride and cholesterol are inextricably associated through mutual lipoprotein carriers. But we propose that the ethics of preventive medicine place the burden of proof on the proponents of intervention. We therefore recommend that widespread screening and treatment of healthy persons for hypertriglyceridemia be abandoned until more persuasive evidence becomes available.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejm198006193022503

Cites

87 of 87 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study.
Kannel, W., Castelli, W., Gordon, T., & McNamara, P. M. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-1 · Cited by 2,160
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I., & Lees, R. S. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196701052760107 · Cited by 1,911
Clofibrate and Niacin in Coronary Heart Disease
Stamler, J. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240160024021 · Cited by 1,750
HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study
Castelli, W. P., Doyle, J. T., Gordon, T., Hames, C. G., Hjortland, M. C., Hulley, S. B., Kagan, A., & Zukel, W. J. (1977) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.55.5.767 · Cited by 1,492
Self-citation
Cholesterol in the Prediction of Atherosclerotic Disease
Kannel, W. B., Castelli, W. P., & Gordon, T. (1979) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-1-85 · Cited by 1,314
Coronary Heart Disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study
Rosenman, R. H. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.233.8.872 · Cited by 1,274
Self-citation
A co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate. Report from the Committee of Principal Investigators.
Oliver, M., Heady, J., Morris, J. N., Cooper, J., Geizerova, H., Gyárfás, I., Green, K., Strasser, T., Macfie, W. G., Scott, E., et al. (1978) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.40.10.1069 · Cited by 1,047
Effect of Weight Loss without Salt Restriction on the Reduction of Blood Pressure in Overweight Hypertensive Patients
Reisin, E., Abel, R., Modan, M., Silverberg, D. S., Eliahou, H. E., & Modan, B. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197801052980101 · Cited by 759
ISCHÆMIC HEART-DISEASE IN RELATION TO FASTING VALUES OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES AND CHOLESTEROL
Carlson, L., & Böttiger, L. E. (1972) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90738-6 · Cited by 752
Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Heart Disease I. LIPID LEVELS IN 500 SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Goldstein, J. L., Hazzard, W. R., Schrott, H. G., Bierman, E. L., & Motulsky, A. G. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107331 · Cited by 621

Show all 88 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

Hayes, 1964, Clin Sci, 26, 185
Rhoads, 1978, Lab Invest, 38, 304
Bierman EL. Atherosclerosis and other forms of arteriosclerosis. In: Isselbacher KJ, Adams RD, Braunwald E, Petersdorf RG, Wilson JD, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 9th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980:1156–66.
Cornfield, 1959, Am J Ment Defic, 64, 240
Grundy, 1978, West J Med, 128, 13
McGill HC. Atherosclerosis: problems in pathogenesis. In: Paoletti R, Gotto AM, eds. Atherosclerosis Reviews. Vol. 2. New York: Raven Press, 1977; 2:27–65.
Vil, 1978, N Engl J Med, 298, 109
10.1001/jama.231.4.360 · DOI
McKeown T. Unvalidated procedures have no place in screening programs. In: Ingelfinger FJ, Ebert RV, Finland M, Relman AS, eds. Controversies in internal medicine II. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1974:92–8.
University Group Diabetes Program, 1970, Diabetes, 19, 785
University Group Diabetes Program, 1975, Diabetes, 24, 65

Sorted by citations

The Inverse Relation between Fish Consumption and 20-Year Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease
Kromhout, D., Bosschieter, E. B., & Coulander, C. D. L. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198505093121901 · Cited by 2,177
Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies
Hokanson, J. E., & Austin, M. A. (1996) · Journal of Cardiovascular Risk · doi:10.1097/00043798-199604000-00014 · Cited by 1,706
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871
Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Patterns and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Austin, M. A. (1988) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410130125037 · Cited by 1,780
Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk
Després, J.-P., Lemieux, I., Bergeron, J., Pibarot, P., Mathieu, P., Larose, E., Rodés-Cabau, J., Bertrand, O. F., & Poirier, P. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.159228 · Cited by 1,589
Physical Activity and the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
Powell, K. E., Thompson, P. D., Caspersen, C. J., & Kendrick, J. S. (1987) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.08.050187.001345 · Cited by 1,457
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk
Austin, M. A., King, M. C., Vranizan, K. M., & Krauss, R. M. (1990) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.82.2.495 · Cited by 1,411
Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment.
Manninen, V, Tenkanen, L., Koskinen, P., Huttunen, J. K., Mänttäri, M., Heinonen, O. P., & Frick, M. H. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.1.37 · Cited by 1,329
Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. Studies in the postprandial state
Patsch, J. R., Miesenböck, G., Hopferwieser, T., Mühlberger, V, Knapp, E., Dunn, J. K., Gotto, A. M., & Patsch, W. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.11.1336 · Cited by 1,122
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease
Jellinger, P. S., Handelsman, Y., Rosenblit, P. D., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Fonseca, V. A., Garber, A. J., Grunberger, G., Guerin, C. K., Bell, D. S. H., Mechanick, J. I., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl · Cited by 1,094
Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor
Austin, M. A., Hokanson, J. E., & Edwards, K. L. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00031-9 · Cited by 1,066
Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins.
Grundy, S. M., & Denke, M. (1990) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42625-2 · Cited by 1,044
Diabetes and atherosclerosis: An epidemiologic view
Pyörälà, K., Laakso, M., & Uusitupa, M. I. J. (1987) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030206 · Cited by 912
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease (Syndrome X): An Expanded Definition
Reaven, G. M. (1993) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001005 · Cited by 908
Plasma triglyceride and coronary heart disease
Austin, M. A. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.1.2 · Cited by 697
Hypertriglyceridaemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease mortality in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes
Fontbonne, A., Eschw�ge, E., Cambien, F., Richard, J. L., Ducimeti�re, P., Thibult, N., Warnet, J., Claude, J., & Rosselin, G. (1989) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00265546 · Cited by 616
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance From Framingham: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the AHA Task Force on Risk Reduction
Grundy, S. M., Balady, G. J., Criqui, M. H., Fletcher, G., Greenland, P., Hiratzka, L. F., Houston-Miller, N., Kris-Etherton, P., Krumholz, H. M., LaRosa, J., et al. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1876 · Cited by 609
Fasting Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Gaziano, J. M., Hennekens, C. H., O’Donnell, C. J., Breslow, J. L., & Buring, J. E. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.8.2520 · Cited by 602
Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome
Grundy, S. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00033-2 · Cited by 525
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis
Jellinger, P. S., Smith, D. A., Mehta, A., Ganda, O. P., Handelsman, Y., Rodbard, H. W., Shepherd, M. D., & Seibel, J. A. (2012) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.18.s1.1 · Cited by 533
The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals
Reaven, G. M. (2004) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.002 · Cited by 517
Relation of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to plasma lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins.
Miller, N. E., Hammett, F., Saltissi, S., Rao, S., Zeller, H., Coltart, J., & Lewis, B. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6278.1741 · Cited by 482
Evidence that triglycerides are an independent coronary heart disease risk factor
Cullen, P. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01127-9 · Cited by 462
Detection and quantification of lipoprotein(a) in the arterial wall of 107 coronary bypass patients.
Rath, M., Niendorf, A., Reblin, T., Dietel, M., Krebber, H.-J., & Beisiegel†, U. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.5.579 · Cited by 446
The metabolic syndrome: requiescat in pace
Reaven, G. M. (2005) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.048611 · Cited by 427
Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Lovastatin-Gemfibrozil Combination Therapy
Pierce, L. R. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450010075034 · Cited by 425
Diabetes Dyslipidemia
Schofield, J. D., Liu, Y., Rao‐Balakrishna, P., Malik, R. A., & Soran, H. (2016) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0167-x · Cited by 447
Plasma Triglyceride Level and Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease
Criqui, M. H., HEISS, G. M., Cohn, R. D., Cowan, L. D., Suchindran, C., Bangdiwala, S. I., Kritchevsky, S., Jacobs, D. R., O'Grady, H. K., & DAVIS, C. E. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199304293281702 · Cited by 419
Efficacy and Safety of a New HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Atorvastatin, in Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia
Bakker-Arkema, R. G. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530260042029 · Cited by 406
Hypertriglyceridaemia and risk of coronary artery disease
Reiner, Ž. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.31 · Cited by 390
Inverse relationship between blood levels of high density lipoprotein subfraction 2 and magnitude of postprandial lipemia.
Patsch, J. R., Karlin, J. B., Scott, L. W., Smith, L. C., & Gotto, A. M. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1449 · Cited by 386
Sample size tables for logistic regression
Hsieh, F. Y. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080704 · Cited by 367
Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its relationship to lipids in a selected population in South India
Mohan, V., Deepa, R., Rani, S. S., & Premalatha, G. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01415-2 · Cited by 365
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in chronic renal failure
London, G. M., & Drüeke, T. B. (1997) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1997.233 · Cited by 351
Epidemiology of triglycerides: A view from Framingham
Castelli, W. P. (1992) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91083-g · Cited by 346
Postmenopausal Estrogen Use and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Sullivan, J. M., ZWAAG, R. V., LEMP, G. F., HUGHES, J. P., MADDOCK, V., KROETZ, F. W., RAMANATHAN, K. B., & MIRVIS, D. M. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-358 · Cited by 333
Body fat distribution and hyperinsulinemia as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Stern, M. P., & Haffner, S. M. (1986) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.6.2.123 · Cited by 331
Serum Triglycerides and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Japanese Men and Women
Iso, H., Naito, Y., Sato, S., Kitamura, A., Okamura, T., Sankai, T., Shimamoto, T., Iida, M., & Komachi, Y. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.490 · Cited by 325
HDL-cholesterol as a marker of coronary heart disease risk: the Québec cardiovascular study
Després, J., Lemieux, I., Dagenais, G. R., Cantin, B., & Lamarche, B. (2000) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00603-1 · Cited by 316
Studies of low density lipoprotein molecular weight in human beings with coronary artery disease.
Crouse, J. R., Parks, J. S., Schey, H. M., & Kahl, F. R. (1985) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34343-1 · Cited by 312
Low-Density Lipoprotein, Non-High-Density Lipoprotein, and Apolipoprotein B as Targets of Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Grundy, S. M. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038419.53000.d6 · Cited by 309
Lipoprotein Lp(a) as predictor of myocardial infarction in comparison to fibrinogen, LDL cholesterol and other risk factors: results from the prospective Göttingen Risk Incidence and Prevalence Study (GRIPS)
Cremer, P., Nagel, D., Labrot, B., Mann, H., Muche, R., Elster, H., & Seidel, D. (1994) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02373.x · Cited by 298
Plasma triglyceride determines structure-composition in low and high density lipoproteins.
Deckelbaum, R. J., Granot, E., Oschry, Y., Rose, L., & Eisenberg, S. (1984) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.4.3.225 · Cited by 294
Integrated regulation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein-B kinetics in man: Normolipemic subjects, familial hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia
Kissebah, A. H., Alfarsi, S., & ADAMS, P. W. (1981) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(81)90064-0 · Cited by 295
Atorvastatin
Lea, A. P., & McTavish, D. (1997) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199753050-00011 · Cited by 292
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDAEMIA AND HYPERCOAGULABILITY
Simpson, H. C. R., Meade, T. W., Stirling, Y., Mann, J. I., Chakrabarti, R., & Woolf, L. (1983) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91849-4 · Cited by 286
Lipid abnormalities in renal disease
Appel, G. B. (1991) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1991.22 · Cited by 278
Diabetes as an atherogenic factor
Ruderman, N. B., & Haudenschild, C. C. (1984) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/0033-0620(84)90011-2 · Cited by 281
Comparison of the effects of estrogen alone and estrogen plus androgen on biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women
Raisz, L. G., Wiita, B., Artis, A., Bowen, A., Schwartz, S., Trahiotis, M., Shoukri, K., & Smith, J. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.1.8550780 · Cited by 276
Apoproteins B and A-I and coronary artery disease in humans.
Brunzell, J. D., Sniderman, A. D., Albers, J. J., & Kwiterovich, P. O. (1984) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.4.2.79 · Cited by 279
How independent are “independent” effects? relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely
Phillips, A. N., & Smith, G. D. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90155-3 · Cited by 275
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts)
Backer, G. D., Ambrosioni, E., Broch-Johnsen, K., Brotons, C., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Færgeman, O., Graham, I. D., Mancia, G., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00149831-200312001-00001 · Cited by 273
Relation of High TG–Low HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol to the Incidence of Ischemic Heart Disease
Jeppesen, J., Hein, H. O., Suadicani, P., & Gyntelberg, F. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.6.1114 · Cited by 274
Comparison of oral estrogens and estrogens plus androgen on bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, and lipid-lipoprotein profiles in surgical menopause
WATTS, N., Notelovitz, M., CHRYSTIETIMMONS, M., ALLENADDISON, W., Wiita, B., & DOWNEY, L. (1995) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(94)00448-m · Cited by 270
Dietary fiber and coronary heart disease
Anderson, J. W., Deakins, D. A., Floore, T. L., Smith, B. M., & Whitis, S. E. (1990) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408399009527518 · Cited by 267
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Renal Failure and Hemodialysis Populations
Ma, K. W., Greene, E. L., & Raij, L. R. (1992) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80827-4 · Cited by 268
Association of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis.
SNIDERMAN, A. D., WOLFSON, C., TENG, B., FRANKLIN, F. A., BACHORIK, P. S., & KWITEROVICH, P. O. (1982) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-833 · Cited by 266
Excess body weight. An underrecognized contributor to high blood cholesterol levels in white American men
Denke, M. A. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.153.9.1093 · Cited by 261
Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease: the prospective phase of the British Regional Heart Study.
Shaper, A. G., Pocock, S., Walker, M., Phillips, A. N., Whitehead, T. P., & Macfarlane, P. W. (1985) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.39.3.197 · Cited by 253
Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: Role in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease
Reaven, G. M. (1991) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90434-j · Cited by 253
Increased Lipoprotein-Remnant Formation in Chronic Renal Failure
Nestel, P. J., Fidge, N., & Tan, M. H. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198208053070601 · Cited by 240
Pathophysiology of reverse cholesterol transport. Insights from inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.
Reichl, D., & Miller, N. E. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.6.785 · Cited by 238
Relation Between Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase Activity, and Postprandial Lipemia
Jeppesen, J., Hollenbeck, C. B., Zhou, M., Coulston, A. M., Jones, C., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.3.320 · Cited by 236
Comparison of a Low-Fat Diet to a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Risk Factors for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Free-Living, Overweight Men and Women
Meckling, K. A., O’Sullivan, C., & Saari, D. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031606 · Cited by 233
Triglyceride as a risk factor for coronary artery disease
Gotto, A. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00770-x · Cited by 231
Postprandial lipemia, fenofibrate and coronary artery disease
Simpson, H., Williamson, C., Olivecrona, T., Pringle, S., MacLean, J. A., Lorimer, A. R., Bonnefous, F., Bogaievsky, Y., Packard, C. J., & Shepherd, J. (1990) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(90)90111-u · Cited by 229
Diagnostic Criteria for Dyslipidemia - Executive Summary of Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases for Japanese
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ueshima, H., Egusa, G., Kinoshita, M., Shimamoto, K., Daida, H., Biro, S., Hirobe, K., Funahashi, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.e537 · Cited by 238
Historical perspective on garlic and cardiovascular disease
Rahman, K. (2001) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.3.977s · Cited by 215
Plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in British men: The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies
Bainton, D., Miller, N., Bolton, C., YARNELL, J. W. G., Sweetnam, P. M., Baker, I. A., Lewis, B., & Elwood, P. C. (1992) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.68.7.60 · Cited by 210
Health aspects of vegetarian diets
Dwyer, J. T. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.3.712 · Cited by 201
Role of Spirulina in the Control of Glycemia and Lipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Parikh, P., Mani, U., & Iyer, U. (2001) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/10966200152744463 · Cited by 193
Normal triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease events: the Baltimore Coronary Observational Long-Term Study
Miller, M., Seidler, A., Moalemi, A., & Pearson, T. A. (1998) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00083-7 · Cited by 193
Effects of blood triglycerides on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 61 prospective studies
Liu, J., Zeng, F., Liu, Z., Zhang, C., Ling, W., & Chen, Y. (2013) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-12-159 · Cited by 197
Report of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Japanese Adults
Hata, Y., Mabuchi, H., Saitō, Y., Itakura, H., Egusa, G., Ito, H., Teramoto, T., Tsushima, M., Tada, N., Oikawa, S., et al. (2002) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.9.1 · Cited by 188
The Role of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Families in the Progression of Atherosclerotic Lesions as Determined by Sequential Coronary Angiography From a Controlled Clinical Trial
Alaupovic, P., Mack, W. J., Knight‐Gibson, C., & Hodis, H. N. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.4.715 · Cited by 184
Insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, and coronary heart disease
Reaven, G. M., & Laws, A. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400953 · Cited by 180
Cardiovascular diseases in Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore. II. Differences in risk factor levels.
Hughes, K., Yeo, P. P., Lun, K. C., Thai, A. C., Sothy, S. P., Wang, K. W., Cheah, J. S., Phoon, W. O., & Lim, P. (1990) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.44.1.29 · Cited by 180
Isotretinoin versus placebo in the treatment of cystic acne
Peck, G. L., Olsen, T. G., Butkus, D., Pandya, M., Arnaud-Battandier, J., Gross, E. G., Windhorst, D. B., & Cheripko, J. (1982) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(82)70063-5 · Cited by 179
Heterogeneity of plasma low density lipoproteins manifestations of the physiologic phenomenon in man
Fisher, W. R. (1983) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(83)90194-4 · Cited by 179
Risk Factors for Ischaemic Heart Disease in Men and Women:Results of the 19‐Year Follow‐up of the Stockholm Prospective Study
Carlson, L. A., & Böttiger, L. E. (1985) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08848.x · Cited by 175
Metformin for obese, insulin-treated diabetic patients: improvement in glycaemic control and reduction of metabolic risk factors
Giugliano, D., Quatraro, A., Consoli, G., Minei, A., Ceriello, A., De Rosa, N., & D'Onofrio, F. (1993) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00315466 · Cited by 169
Prevalence of dyslipidemic phenotypes in ischemic heart disease (prospective results from the Que´bec cardiovascular study)
Lamarche, B., Després, J., Moorjani, S., Cantin, B., Dagenais, G. R., & Lupien, P.-J. (1995) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80760-7 · Cited by 170
Diagnostic Criteria for Dyslipidemia
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ishibashi, S., Birou, S., Daida, H., Dohi, S., Egusa, G., Hiro, T., Hirobe, K., Iida, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.17152 · Cited by 169
The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT): IV. Intervention on blood lipids
Caggiula, A., Christakis, G., Farrand, M., Hulley, S., Johnson, R. L., Lasser, N., Stamler, J., & Widdowson, G. (1981) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(81)90060-8 · Cited by 153
Self-citation
Sample Size for Logistic Regression with Small Response Probability
Whittemore, A. S. (1981) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1981.10477597 · Cited by 159
Blood lipid distribution of hyperinsulinemic men consuming three levels of fructose
Hallfrisch, J., Reiser, S., & Prather, E. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.5.740 · Cited by 159
Cardiovascular risk continuum: implications of insulin resistance and diabetes
Hsueh, W. A., & Law, R. E. (1998) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00205-8 · Cited by 158
Detection, quantification, and characterization of potentially atherogenic triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins
Cohn, J. S., Marcoux, C., & Davignon, J. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.10.2474 · Cited by 156
Hypertriglyceridemia and regulation of fibrinolytic activity.
Mussoni, L., Mannucci, L., Sirtori, M., Camera, M., MADERNA, P., Sironi, L., & Tremoli, E. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.1.19 · Cited by 155
Plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular events in the Treating to New Targets and Incremental Decrease in End-Points through Aggressive Lipid Lowering trials of statins in patients with coronary artery disease
Faergeman, O., Holme, I., Fayyad, R., Bhatia, S., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., LaRosa, J. C., Larsen, M. L., Lindahl, C., Olsson, A. G., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.04.008 · Cited by 154
Deleterious metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate, sucrose-containing diets in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Coulston, A. M., Hollenbeck, C. B., Swislocki, A., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1987) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90058-1 · Cited by 152
Report of the Expert Panel on Population Strategies for Blood Cholesterol Reduction. A statement from the National Cholesterol Education Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
Carleton, R. A., Dwyer, J. T., Finberg, L., Flora, J. D., Goodman, D. S., Grundy, S. M., Havas, S., Hunter, G., Kritchevsky, D., & Lauer, R. M. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.83.6.2154 · Cited by 155
Changes in Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels After Weight Training
Goldberg, L. (1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350040034018 · Cited by 150
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts).
Backer, G. D., Ambrosio, G., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Brotons, C., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Færgeman, O., Graham, I. D., Mancia, G., et al. (2003) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2 · Cited by 153
Long Term Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Obese Subjects with High Cholesterol Level
Dashti, H. M., Al-Zaid, N. S., Mathew, T. C., Al-Mousawi, M., Talib, H., Asfar, S., & Behbahani, A. I. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-005-9001-x · Cited by 148
Fibrates for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events
Jakob, T., Nordmann, A. J., Schandelmaier, S., Ferreira-González, I., & Briel, M. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009753.pub2 · Cited by 147
Metabolic Effects of Dietary Fructose and Sucrose in Types I and II Diabetic Subjects
Bantle, J. P. (1986) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380230065027 · Cited by 147
Structural models of human apolipoprotein A-I
Brouillette, C. G., & Anantharamaiah, G. M. (1995) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(95)00018-8 · Cited by 146
Concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in ischaemic heart disease.
Pocock, S., Shaper, A. G., & Phillips, A. N. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.998 · Cited by 147
Health Risks of Self-Employment
Lewìn-Epstein, N., & Yuchtman‐Yaar, E. (1991) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888491018003003 · Cited by 146

Authors: Hulley, S. B., Rosenman, R. H., Bawol, R. D., & Brand, R. J.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1980-06-19
Volume: 302
Issue: 25
Pages: 1383-1389
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm198006193022503
OpenAlex: W1989258056
Cited by: 702
References: 88
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 53.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords: triglycerides, coronary artery disease, hypertriglyceridemia, causal inference, cholesterol, preventive medicine, burden of proof, screening, lipid-lowering therapy, clinical decision-making
MeSH terms: Adult, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Decision Making, Epidemiologic Methods, Ethics, Medical, Health Policy, Humans, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Triglycerides

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Epidemiology as a Guide to Clinical Decisions: The Association between Triglyceride and Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks