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Neuropathological Features of Covid-19
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Brain Autopsy Series in Patients with Covid-19 Eighteen brains of patients who died 0 to 32 days after the onset of symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection showed hypoxic–ischemic changes but no encephali...
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“a study carried out on the brains of 18 adults between the ages of 53 and 75 fallen victim to the virus revealed neither CT-informed macrostructural abnormalities, nor microstructural damage ascribable to the virus, but only mild hypoxia-related modifications with, importantly, limited evidence of viral presence in the brain (34).”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
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InfluentialDysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19
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Lifting the mask on neurological manifestations of COVID-19
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“A substantial portion of patients with COVID-19 exhibit various neurological symptoms, which are highly variable, probably due to many factors (Helms et al., 2020; Moriguchi et al., 2020; Puelles et al., 2020; Solomon et al., 2020; Virani et al., 2020).”
Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19
Woo, M. S., Malsy, J., Pöttgen, J., Zai, S. S., Ufer, F., Hadjilaou, A., Schmiedel, S., Addo, M. M., Gerloff, C. P., Heesen, C., et al. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa205 · Cited by 419
“Moreover, histopathologic examination of brains from deceased COVID-19 patients indicate the potential of SARS-CoV-2 to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) (Solomon et al., 2020).”
COVID-19 neuropathology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital
Thakur, K. T., Miller, E. H., Glendinning, M. D., Al‐Dalahmah, O., Banu, M. A., Boehme, A. K., Boubour, A., Bruce, S. S., Chong, A. M., Claassen, J., et al. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab148 · Cited by 396
Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 And Novel Therapeutics Against Coronavirus (COVID-19)
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Cognitive impairment and altered cerebral glucose metabolism in the subacute stage of COVID-19
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“Of note, there were also no signs of hypoxic or haemorrhagic damage as reported by others.(33) Thus, frontoparietal cortical hypometabolism might rather be a sequel of a remote process due to brainstem or white matter pathology than direct cortical damage (e.”
BackgroundNeurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review
Aghagoli, G., Gallo Marin, B., Katchur, N. J., Chaves-Sell, F., Asaad, W. F., & Murphy, S. A. (2021) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-020-01049-4 · Cited by 357
“ACE2, which is expressed at high levels in various tissues including alveolar type-2 cells, brain endothelial cells, neurons, and glial cells [51, 69, 70], regulates the renin-angiotensin system by opposing angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) signaling through the production of the vasodilator peptide angiotensin [1–7…”
BackgroundBussani, R., Schneider, E., Zentilin, L., Collesi, C., Ali, H., Braga, L., Secco, I., Volpe, M. C., Colliva, A., Zanconati, F., et al. (2020) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103104 · Cited by 355
“This is also in agreement with a few very recent studies that investigated kidney [31 33], brain [34,35] and other organ pathology [3,5,36,37] in selected COVID-19 cases.”
ResultLessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic
To, K. K., Sridhar, S., Chiu, K. H., Hung, D. L. L., Li, X., Hung, I. F., Tam, A. R., Chung, T. W., Chan, J. F., Zhang, J., et al. (2021) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2021.1898291 · Cited by 359
COVID-19 and the Chemical Senses: Supporting Players Take Center Stage
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“, 2020), and two separate autopsy series that failed to identify any signs of encephalitis (Schaller et al., 2020; Solomon et al., 2020).”
Schwabenland, M., Salié, H., Tanevski, J., Killmer, S., Lago, M. S., Schlaak, A. E., Mayer, L., Matschke, J., Püschel, K., Fitzek, A., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.002 · Cited by 326
“However, our results were unexpected in light of earlier assessments that mainly reported hypoxic changes and thromboembolic events and did not report significant encephalitis (Solomon et al., 2020).”
Neuroinvasion and Encephalitis Following Intranasal Inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 Mice
Kumari, P., Rothan, H. A., Natekar, J. P., Stone, S., Pathak, H., Strate, P. G., Arora, K., Brinton, M. A., & Kumar, M. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13010132 · Cited by 289
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“Although it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 could infect and disrupt the BCSFB, some doubts have been raised about the involvement of the BCSFB as a major route, given that most clinical studies failed Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2021) 6:337 to detect significant levels of viral RNA in CSF.12,27 In…”
ResultA Prospective Study of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in New York City
Frontera, J. A., Sabadia, S. B., Lalchan, R., Fang, T., Flusty, B., Vernetti, P. M., Snyder, T. E., Berger, S. L., Yang, D., Granger, A., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010979 · Cited by 288
COVID‐19–associated Guillain‐Barré syndrome: The early pandemic experience
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“CSF from these COVID-19–associated GBS patients was negative for SARSCoV-2 by RT-PCR, and postmortem brain tissues from COVID-19 patients did not show evidence of viral infection by immunohistochemical analysis.(49) GBS is a postinfectious syndrome as defined by an onset that is delayed from the acute symptoms of infe…”
MethodWang, Q., Davis, P. B., Gurney, M. E., & Xu, R. (2021) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12296 · Cited by 257
Neurological manifestations of long-COVID syndrome: a narrative review
Stefanou, M., Palaiodimou, L., Bakola, E., Smyrnis, N., Papadopoulou, Μ., Paraskevas, G. P., Rizos, E., Boutati, E. I., Grigoriadis, N., Krogias, C., et al. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/20406223221076890 · Cited by 267
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“Some report low levels of SARS-CoV2 RNA and protein in brain as well as astrogliosis and microglial activation [49-51].”
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“The pathophysiological foundations for olfactory dysfunction are yet unclear: while early studies had suggested, analogously to other coronaviruses, a direct invasion of olfactory neurons (ONs),(140) this mechanism was not confirmed in post-mortem studies.(141) The olfactory epithelium shows a complex cytological arch…”
BackgroundQin, Y., Wu, J., Chen, T., Li, J., Zhang, G., Wu, D., Zhou, Y., Zheng, N., Cai, A., Ning, Q., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci147329 · Cited by 235
“Furthermore, neuropathologic features of autopsied COVID-19 showed various hypoxia injury in the brain, such as cell-abundant enlarged perivascular spaces, with no signs of encephalitis or meningitis (28, 29).”
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The blood-brain barrier is dysregulated in COVID-19 and serves as a CNS entry route for SARS-CoV-2
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“A substantial number of COVID-19 patients exhibit neurological symptoms, which may be further influenced by different host factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, disease progression, and others (Helms et al., 2020; Puelles et al., 2020; Solomon et al., 2020).”
Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term
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“Limited data suggest that the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus may enter the CNS via the nasal mucosa and olfactory fibres, or by haematogenous spread, and is capable of infecting endothelial cells, pericytes and probably neurons.”
BackgroundInfluentialManca, R., De Marco, M., & Venneri, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585540 · Cited by 227
“Although there still appears to be a paucity of neuropathological research (33), a study carried out on the brains of 18 adults between the ages of 53 and 75 fallen victim to the virus revealed neither CT-informed macrostructural abnormalities, nor microstructural damage ascribable to the virus, but only mild hypoxia-…”
BackgroundPersistent Brainstem Dysfunction in Long-COVID: A Hypothesis
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Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19
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ApoE-Isoform-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Cellular Response
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“Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, an increasing number of studies have started to report neurological symptoms, including headache, smell and taste disorders, dysexecutive syndrome, confusion, seizure, and encephalopathy (Giacomelli et al., 2020; Helms et al., 2020; Lechien et al., 2020; Ma…”
The neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism, and neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2
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“Furthermore, evidence for acute hypoxic injury was observed in the cerebrum and cerebellum, with loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer [75].”
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Long-Lasting Cognitive Abnormalities after COVID-19
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“A range of neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been reported [32]; however, we were unable to obtain brain tissue in our study.”
BackgroundNeuropathologic features of four autopsied COVID‐19 patients
Kantonen, J., Mahzabin, S., Mäyränpää, M. I., Tynninen, O., Paetau, A. E., Andersson, N., Sajantila, A., Vapalahti, O. P., Carpén, O., Kekäläinen, E., et al. (2020) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12889 · Cited by 192
“Furthermore, contrary to a recent report (10) and according with some other studies (7,8), we did not detect any signs of meningitis or encephalitis in any brain areas.”
BackgroundResultPeripheral Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19
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Cerebral dysfunctions caused by sepsis during ageing
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Neuropathology and virus in brain of SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates
Rutkai, I., Mayer, M. G., Hellmers, L., Ning, B., Huang, Z. J., Monjure, C. J., Coyne, C., Silvestri, R., Golden, N., Hensley, K., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29440-z · Cited by 202
Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications
Xydakis, M. S., Albers, M. W., Holbrook, E. H., Lyon, D. M., Shih, R., Frasnelli, J., Pagenstecher, A., Kupke, A., Enquist, L. W., & Perlman, S. M. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00182-4 · Cited by 195
Spitzer, M. (2020) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2020.100138 · Cited by 200
“In severely ill patients, the virus causes a twopronged attack by a dysfunctional immune system (“cytokine storm”) and blood clotting system (“multi-organ thrombosis”; [33,66]), causing strokes with chronic neurological deficits [60,70].”
Histopathological observations in COVID-19: a systematic review
Deshmukh, V. R., Motwani, R., Kumar, A., Kumari, C., & Raza, K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206995 · Cited by 177
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Parkinson’s Disease
Brown, E. G., Chahine, L. M., Goldman, S. M., Korell, M., Mann, E., Kinel, D. R., Arnedo, V., Marek, K. L., & Tanner, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Parkinson's Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202249 · Cited by 177
“23], a recent autopsy series of patients that died with COVID-19—all of whom experienced altered mental status—did not find immunohistochemical evidence of encephalitis or viral invasion into brain tissue [24].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 associated cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Tavares-Júnior, J. W. L., de Souza, A. C. C., Borges, J. W. P., Oliveira, D. N., Neto, J. I. S., Sobreira-Neto, M. A., & Braga‐Neto, P. (2022) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.006 · Cited by 179
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Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies
Lopes‐Pacheco, M., Silva, P. L., Cruz, F. F., Battaglini, D., Robba, C., Pelosi, P. P., Morales, M. M., Neves, C. C., & Rocco, P. R. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.593223 · Cited by 178
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“Viral RNA was detected at low levels, possibly due to in situ viral RNA from the bloodstream (30).”
BackgroundTropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes
Andrews, M. G., Mukhtar, T., Eze, U. C., Simoneau, C. R., Ross, J., Parikshak, N., Wang, S., Zhou, L., Koontz, M., Velmeshev, D., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2122236119 · Cited by 159
Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19: potential mechanisms of disease
Balcom, E. F., Nath, A., & Power, C. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab302 · Cited by 163
“Although encephalopathy has been reported in COVID-19 patients at all ages, patients beyond the sixth decade of life and those with preexisting neurologic conditions (stroke, dementia, Parkinson’s disease) are most affected, particularly in the context of severe respiratory illness.(45,47) While encephalopathy in the…”
BackgroundIdrees, D., & Kumar, V. (2021) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.100 · Cited by 158
What can we learn from brain autopsies in COVID-19?
Mukerji, S. S., & Solomon, I. H. (2020) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135528 · Cited by 160
Neurologic manifestations associated with COVID-19: a multicentre registry
Meppiel, E., Peiffer‐Smadja, N., Maury, A., Bekri, I., Delorme, C., Desestret, V., Gorza, L., Hautecloque-Raysz, G., Landre, S., Lannuzel, A., et al. (2020) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.11.005 · Cited by 162
Effect of COVID-19 on the Organs
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“Brains of dead patients demonstrate hypoxic changes but encephalitis or other changes due to the virus are rare [40].”
BackgroundCOVID ‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options
van Eijk, L. E., Binkhorst, M., Bourgonje, A. R., Offringa, A. K., Mulder, D. J., Bos, E. M., Kolundžić, N., Abdulle, A. E., van der Voort, P. H. J., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5642 · Cited by 156
Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the Blood–Brain Barrier
Erickson, M. A., Rhea, E. M., Knopp, R. C., & Banks, W. A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052681 · Cited by 155
SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation
Keyhanian, K., Umeton, R. P., Mohit, B., Davoudi, V., Hajighasemi, F., & Ghasemi, M. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577436 · Cited by 148
Neuronophagia and microglial nodules in a SARS-CoV-2 patient with cerebellar hemorrhage
Al‐Dalahmah, O., Thakur, K. T., Nordvig, A. S., Prust, M., Roth, W., Lignelli, A., Uhlemann, A., Miller, E. H., Kunnath-Velayudhan, S., Portillo, A. D., et al. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-020-01024-2 · Cited by 138
Jacobs, J. L., Bain, W., Naqvi, A., Staines, B., Castanha, P. M. S., Yang, H., Boltz, V. F., Barratt‐Boyes, S. M., Marques, E. T. A., Mitchell, S. L., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab686 · Cited by 137
“Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the gastrointestinal tract, endothelium and central nervous system implicates extrapulmonary dissemination as an important contributor to disease manifestations severity [4-12].”
BackgroundMultiple Neuroinvasive Pathways in COVID-19
Bougakov, D., Podell, K., & Goldberg, E. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02152-5 · Cited by 142
“This possibility is supported by a recent observation of acute neuropathological changes from hypoxia in the brains of 18 consecutive deaths of ventilatordependent COVID-19 patients [71].”
Invited Review: The spectrum of neuropathology in COVID‐19
Al‐Sarraj, S., Troakes, C., Hanley, B. P., Osborn, M., Richardson, M. P., Hotopf, M. H., Bullmore, E. T., & Everall, I. (2020) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12667 · Cited by 150
“Solomon et al., 2020: Brains from 18 patients • Ischaemic changes and reactive changes of Alz- heimer’s type II astrocytes • Immunohistochemical stains for SARS-CoV-2 negative but virus was detected by PCR at low levels in five patients Reichard et al., 2020: Brain from one patient • Widespread…”
BackgroundCentral Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19
Divani, A. A., Andalib, S., Biller, J., Napoli, M. D., Moghimi, N., Rubiños, C., Nobleza, C. O., Sylaja, P. N., Toledano, M., Lattanzi, S., et al. (2020) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01079-7 · Cited by 129
Klironomos, S., Tzortzakakis, A., Kits, A., Öhberg, C., Kollia, E., Ahoromazdae, A., Almqvist, H., Aspelin, Å., Martin, H., Ouellette, R., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020202791 · Cited by 127
Shi, Z., de Vries, H. J., Vlaar, A. P. J., van der Hoeven, J., Boon, R. A., Heunks, L. M. A., Ottenheijm, C. A. C., & Dutch COVID-19 Diaphragm Investigators (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6278 · Cited by 127
COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: neuroinvasive and blood‒brain barrier dysfunction
Chen, Y., Yang, W., Chen, F., & Cui, L. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02579-8 · Cited by 134
Poloni, T. E., Carlos, A. F., Cairati, M., Cutaia, C., Medici, V., Marelli, E., Ferrari, D., Galli, A., Bognetti, P., Davin, A., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100490 · Cited by 124
McFarland, A. J., Yousuf, M. S., Shiers, S. I., & Price, T. J. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000885 · Cited by 124
“currently unclear, however, whether there is brain penetration by SARS-CoV-2, with 18 consecutive brain autopsies of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 finding no neuronal infection.(79) Moreover, a study using single-cell sequencing of BBB and cortical neurons found viral infection in the BBB and choroid”
ResultCOVID‐19‐related neuropathology and microglial activation in elderly with and without dementia
Poloni, T. E., Medici, V., Moretti, M., Visoná, S. D., Cirrincione, A., Carlos, A. F., Davin, A., Gagliardi, S., Pansarasa, O., Cereda, C., et al. (2021) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12997 · Cited by 124
Infectious agents and Alzheimer's disease
Piekut, T., Hurła, M., Banaszek, N., Szejn, P., Dorszewska, J., Kozubski, W., & Prendecki, M. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2102073 · Cited by 123
Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective
Batiha, G. E., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., & Welson, N. N. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-022-01891-2 · Cited by 133
“In this state, post-mortem studies demonstrated that SARSCoV-2 proteins and genes were detected in COVID-19 victims [128, 129].”
BackgroundNeuropathology of COVID-19 (neuro-COVID): clinicopathological update
Lou, J. J., Movassaghi, M., Gordy, D. E., Olson, M. G., Zhang, T., Khurana, M. S., Chen, Z., Perez-Rosendahl, M. A., Thammachantha, S., Singer, E. J., et al. (2020) · Free Neuropathology · doi:10.17879/freeneuropathology-2021-2993 · Cited by 120
Pathological findings in organs and tissues of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review
Peiris, S., Mesa, H. A., Aysola, A. E., Manivel, J. C., Toledo, J., Borges-Sa, M., Aldighieri, S., & Revéiz, L. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250708 · Cited by 117
“Mild meningoencephalitis/encephalitis was found in ~10% of the cases; this may explain the reported neurologic symptoms/mental status changes reported in a subset of critically ill patients [57].”
BackgroundMental Health Issues During and After COVID-19 Vaccine Era
Pandey, K., Thurman, M., Johnson, S. D., Acharya, A., Johnston, M., Klug, E., Olwenyi, O. A., Rajaiah, R., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2021) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.012 · Cited by 124
Garcia-Grimshaw, M. A., Ceballos‐Liceaga, S. E., Hernández‐Vanegas, L. E., Núñez, I., Hernández-Valdivia, N., Carrillo-García, D. A., Michel‐Chávez, A., Galnares‐Olalde, J. A., Carbajal‐Sandoval, G., Saniger‐Alba, M. D. M., et al. (2021) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2021.108786 · Cited by 115
“SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to gain access to the central nervous system [14] and induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines by microglia and astrocytes [15], leading to hyperexcitability and epileptic seizures [16].”
BackgroundHistopathological findings and clinicopathologic correlation in COVID-19: a systematic review
Caramaschi, S., Kapp, M., Miller, S., Eisenberg, R., Johnson, J. E., Epperly, G., Maiorana, A., Silvestri, G., & Giannico, G. A. (2021) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-021-00814-w · Cited by 111
Neuroinvasion and Neurotropism by SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the K18-hACE2 Mouse
Seehusen, F., Clark, J. J., Sharma, P., Bentley, E. G., Kirby, A., Subramaniam, K. S., Wunderlin-Giuliani, S., Hughes, G. L., Patterson, E. I., Michael, B. D., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14051020 · Cited by 116
“4 staining although low levels of viral RNA were detected by RT-PCR in five patients [21].”
BackgroundMethodCOVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease
Ciaccio, M., Sasso, B. L., Scazzone, C., Gambino, C. M., Ciaccio, A. M., Bivona, G., Piccoli, T., Giglio, R. V., & Agnello, L. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11030305 · Cited by 116
Fullard, J. F., Lee, H.-C., Voloudakis, G., Suo, S., Javidfar, B., Shao, Z., Peter, C. J., Zhang, W., Jiang, S., Corvelo, A., et al. (2021) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-021-00933-8 · Cited by 108
“Brain autopsies and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated acute hypoxic and vascular injury [5, 6], as well as plausible SARS-CoV-2 CNS tropism [7–10].”
BackgroundGuerrero, J. I., Barragán, L. A., Martínez, J. D., Montoya, J. P., Peña, A., Sobrino, F., Tovar-Spinoza, Z. S., & Ghotme, K. A. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06185-6 · Cited by 112
“SARS-CoV-2 is a 29,903 bp single-stranded RNA encapsulated virus from the Coronaviridae family, betacoronavirus subfamily, capable of affecting the human brain and other structures of the nervous system [2–4].”
BackgroundInfluentialBhatnagar, J., Gary, J. M., Reagan-Steiner, S., Estetter, L. B. C., Tong, S., Tao, Y., Denison, A. M., Lee, E. H., DeLeon-Carnes, M., Li, Y., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab039 · Cited by 109
SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
Maiese, A., Manetti, A. C., Bosetti, C., Duca, F. D., Russa, R. L., Frati, P., Paolo, M. D., Turillazzi, E., & Fineschi, V. (2021) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13013 · Cited by 106
Periodontal tissues are targets for Sars-Cov-2: a post-mortem study
Matuck, B. F., Dolhnikoff, M., Maia, G. V. A., Sendyk, D. I., Zarpellon, A., Gomes, S. C., Duarte‐Neto, A. N., Pinho, J. R. R., Gomes‐Gouvêa, M. S., de Sousa, S. C. O. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2020.1848135 · Cited by 113
Sauvé, F., Nampoothiri, S. S., Clarke, S. A., Fernandois, D., Coêlho, C. F. F., Dewisme, J., Mills, E., Ternier, G., Cotellessa, L., Iglesias, C., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104784 · Cited by 109
Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies
Barbosa‐Silva, M. C., Lima, M. N., Battaglini, D., Robba, C., Pelosi, P. P., Rocco, P. R. M., & Maron‐Gutierrez, T. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03659-6 · Cited by 122
COVID-19 and psychosis risk: real or delusional concern?
Watson, C. J., Thomas, R. H., Solomon, T., Michael, B. D., Nicholson, T. R., & Pollak, T. A. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135491 · Cited by 103
COVID-19: Review of a 21st Century Pandemic from Etiology to Neuro-psychiatric Implications
Yamamoto, V., Bolanos, J. F., Fiallos, J., Strand, S. E., Morris, K., Shahrokhinia, S., Cushing, T. R., Hopp, L., Tiwari, A., Hariri, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200831 · Cited by 100
“In a case series, in which autopsies were performed and brain specimens collected, histopathological studies showed only hypoxic changes without evidence of viral encephalitis in SARS-CoV-2- exposed patients [88].”
BackgroundCosentino, G., Todisco, M., Hota, N., Porta, G., Morbini, P., Tassorelli, C., & Pisani, A. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15045 · Cited by 105
Metadata
- Authors
- Solomon, I. H., Normandin, E., Bhattacharyya, S., Mukerji, S. S., Keller, K., Ali, A. S., Adams, G., Hornick, J. L., Padera, R. F., & Sabeti, P.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Solomon, Isaac H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-09-03
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 989-992
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7304421
- OpenAlex
- W3035063822
- Cited by
- 815
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 267 · 2020: 143
- FWCI
- 75.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH115812)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI110818)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, neuropathology, brain autopsy, encephalopathy
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Autopsy, Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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