The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 5 of the 37 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Open accessAbstract
Background Liposuction has been proposed as a potential treatment for the metabolic complications of obesity. We evaluated the effect of large-volume abdominal liposuction on metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease in women with abdominal obesity. Methods We evaluated the insulin sensitivity of liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue (with a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure and isotope-tracer infusions) as well as levels of inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease in 15 obese women before and 10 to 12 weeks after abdominal liposuction. Eight of the women had normal glucose tolerance (mean [+/-SD] body-mass index, 35.1+/-2.4), and seven had type 2 diabetes (body-mass index, 39.9+/-5.6). Results Liposuction decreased the volume of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by 44 percent in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 28 percent in those with diabetes; those with normal oral glucose tolerance lost 9.1+/-3.7 kg of fat (18+/-3 percent decrease in total fat, P=0.002), and those with type 2 diabetes lost 10.5+/-3.3 kg of fat (19+/-2 percent decrease in total fat, P Conclusions Abdominal liposuction does not significantly improve obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Decreasing adipose tissue mass alone will not achieve the metabolic benefits of weight loss.
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19 No full text of the sources · 17 Own result · 8 Own interpretation · 6 Own method · 2 Supported · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Supported so far · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Even small amounts of weight loss induced by a negative energy balance affects many variables pertaining to body-fat composition and lipid metabolism -variables that probably contribute to the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity.[22][23][24][25]”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] source
- Could not verifycites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Rapid communication Abstract describes a cross-sectional study of intramyocellular lipids and insulin sensitivity in normal-weight adults; the Discussion addresses their correlation. Searches for weight loss, negative energy balance, and energy restriction found no passage saying that small weight losses affect body-fat composition or lipid metabolism. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Weight loss decreases visceral fat mass, 26 intramyocellular fat, 27 intrahepatic fat, 28 fat-cell size, 29 and the rate of release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.30”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [28] source
The Results section (‘Effects of weight loss on body composition and liver enzymes’) reports that liver fat decreased significantly after weight loss in both the high- and low-liver-fat groups. The claim is supported for the obese women studied. (LLM, conf=0.95)
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- Supported
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In the paper
“Even small amounts of weight loss induced by a negative energy balance affects many variables pertaining to body-fat composition and lipid metabolism -variables that probably contribute to the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity.[22][23][24][25]”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] source
- Supportedcites [23] source
The introductory passage links obesity with skeletal-muscle insulin resistance and says lipids could play an important role in that resistance. The Discussion reports that intramyocellular lipid stores and circulating fatty acids are associated with insulin sensitivity, supporting the citing sentence’s hedged claim about lipid-related variables and metabolic abnormalities. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The measured truncal fat-free mass, which included tissue fluid, increased from 24.5±2.7 kg to 27.4±3.0kg (P<0.001) in the two groups overall.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > body composition
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, liposuction had no significant effects on other risk factors for coronary heart disease, including blood pressure; fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations; and concentrations of plasma markers of inflammation and insulin resistance (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor a , interleukin-6, and adiponectin).”
- Also stated in: § After Liposuction · plain
“in contrast, liposuction in our subjects did not significantly change the plasma concentrations of any of these markers.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
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- Also stated in: § After Liposuction · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of appearance of glucose, glycerol, and free fatty acid and the rate of disappearance of glucose during basal conditions and during each stage of the clamp procedure were not significantly different before and after liposuction in either group (Fig. 2 and 3).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > substrate kinetics and insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“those with normal oral glucose tolerance lost 9.1±3.7 kg of fat (18±3 percent decrease in total fat, P=0.002)”
- Also stated in: § body composition · plain
“Ten to 12 weeks after surgery, the mass of body fat had decreased by 9.1±3.7 kg from baseline (18±3 percent of the total fat mass, P=0.002) in the subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § body composition · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Liposuction caused a decrease in waist circumference in both groups”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > circulating inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Liposuction decreased body weight and body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) because of a marked decrease in body fat (Table 1).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > body composition
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Liposuction also decreased plasma leptin concentrations in both groups”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > circulating inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the procedure does not significantly improve insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle, or adipose tissue; serum concentrations of markers of inflammation; or other risk factors for coronary heart disease.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Liposuction did not significantly alter the insulin sensitivity of muscle, liver, or adipose tissue (assessed by the stimulation of glucose disposal, the suppression of glucose production, and the suppression of lipolysis, respectively)”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plainn = 15- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“those with type 2 diabetes lost 10.5±3.3 kg of fat (19±2 percent decrease in total fat, P<0.001)”
- Also stated in: § body composition · plain
“and by 10.5±3.3 kg (19±2 percent of the total fat mass, P<0.001) in the subjects with type 2 diabetes.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § body composition · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, fat removal by liposuction did decrease the plasma leptin concentration, which is a marker of adipose-tissue mass.40”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and did not significantly affect other risk factors for coronary heart disease (blood pressure and plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations) in either group.”
- Also stated in: § circulating inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease · plain
“but it did not significantly alter other risk factors for coronary heart disease (Table 2).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § circulating inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease · plain
In the paper
“The results of the present study also show that removing a large amount of abdominal subcutaneous fat by liposuction does not significantly affect the levels of circulating mediators of inflammation that are probably involved in the development of insulin resistance and coronary heart disease.32”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Decreasing adipose tissue mass alone will not achieve the metabolic benefits of weight loss.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Diet-induced weight loss improves the metabolic complications of abdominal obesity.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abdominal liposuction does not significantly improve obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Diet-induced weight loss improves the metabolic complications of abdominal obesity.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“However, the metabolic effects of liposuction are unclear because the results of studies have varied.[5][6][7]10,11”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“bdominal obesity, manifested by increased waist circumference, increased abdominal subcutaneous fat, and increased visceral fat, is associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease. 1”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results suggest that induction of a negative energy balance, not simply a decrease in the mass of adipose tissue, is critical for achieving the metabolic benefits of weight loss.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Liposuction does not induce a negative energy balance.
In the paper
“A total weight loss of approximately 12 percent of body weight would be required to achieve the fat loss resulting from liposuction in our study subjects, because about 75 percent of the decrease in body-mass that occurs by dieting is due to loss of body fat.17”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Ballor DL, 1994, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absence of an apparent therapeutic effect of liposuction provides insight into the mechanism by which conventional therapy for obesity -namely, diet, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery -improves insulin sensitivity.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“A total weight loss of approximately 12 percent of body weight would be required to achieve the fat loss resulting from liposuction in our study subjects, because about 75 percent of the decrease in body-mass that occurs by dieting is due to loss of body fat.17”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Ballor DL, 1994, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“The amount of fat removed by liposuction in our subjects is equivalent to the weight loss achieved by optimal behavioral and pharmacologic treatments.3”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results suggest that a negative energy balance influences adipocyte and monocyte activation and the gene expression of selected cytokines, but that long-term leptin production is influenced primarily by total fat mass.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of a negative energy balance on specific endogenous triglyceride depots and inflammation, which are not altered by liposuction, may be necessary to achieve many of the clinical benefits of therapy for obesity.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Weight loss decreases visceral fat mass, 26 intramyocellular fat, 27 intrahepatic fat, 28 fat-cell size, 29 and the rate of release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.30”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] Klein S, 1996, Am J Physiol source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Weight loss decreases visceral fat mass, 26 intramyocellular fat, 27 intrahepatic fat, 28 fat-cell size, 29 and the rate of release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.30”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Fat loss achieved by conventional obesity treatments decreases the plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor a 37,38”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“Weight loss decreases visceral fat mass, 26 intramyocellular fat, 27 intrahepatic fat, 28 fat-cell size, 29 and the rate of release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.30”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] Knittle JL, 1972, Diabetes source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“and increases the concentration of adiponectin 39”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Weight loss decreases visceral fat mass, 26 intramyocellular fat, 27 intrahepatic fat, 28 fat-cell size, 29 and the rate of release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.30”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results suggest that a negative energy balance influences adipocyte and monocyte activation and the gene expression of selected cytokines, but that long-term leptin production is influenced primarily by total fat mass.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Recent advances in liposuction techniques now make it possible to remove considerable amounts of subcutaneous adipose tissue.9”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [9] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Objectives and Measurements sections discuss classifying and measuring facial wrinkles, not liposuction. Searches for liposuction, subcutaneous fat removal, and suction lipectomy found no passage addressing whether recent techniques permit removal of considerable amounts of adipose tissue. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although both the abdominal subcutaneous fat mass and the visceral fat mass are associated with insulin resistance, 2”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [2] source
The Abstract reports significant correlations between insulin-sensitivity measures and both subcutaneous abdominal and intraperitoneal fat mass in 39 healthy middle-aged men. The claim describes these as associations, without asserting that either fat compartment has an independent effect. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insulin infusion during stage 1 caused the expected decreases in the rates of appearance of glucose, glycerol, and free fatty acids, and insulin infusion during stage 2 caused the expected increase in the rate of disappearance of glucose both in subjects with normal glucose tolerance and in those with type 2 diabetes (Fig. 2 and 3).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > substrate kinetics and insulin sensitivity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The decrease in measured fat mass was consistent with the amount of fat aspirated during liposuction; approximately 60 percent of the liposuction aspirate was composed of fat.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > body composition
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Liposuction decreased the volume of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by 44 percent in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 28 percent in those with diabetes”
- Also stated in: § body composition · plain
“Liposuction decreased the volume of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by 44 percent in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 28 percent in those with diabetes, whereas the volumes of visceral adipose tissue and thigh adipose tissue did not change significantly (Fig. 1 and Table 1).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plaindirectn = 15- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § body composition · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the subjects with normal glucose tolerance, plasma insulin concentrations after liposuction were similar to those before liposuction for both stages 1 and 2 of the clamp procedure”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > substrate kinetics and insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“did not significantly alter plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor a , and adiponectin”
- Also stated in: § circulating inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease · plain
“but it did not significantly alter the concentrations of other circulating cytokines or of C-reactive protein (Table 3).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § circulating inflammatory mediators and other risk factors for coronary heart disease · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“whereas the volumes of visceral adipose tissue and thigh adipose tissue did not change significantly”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > body composition
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, successful long-term weight management is difficult to achieve, and the majority of obese persons who lose weight by implementing lifestyle changes regain their lost weight over time.3”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, abdominal liposuction provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the importance of subcutaneous abdominal fat in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and in the risk of coronary heart disease in persons with abdominal obesity.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: It is not known whether one or both of the abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat depots are actually involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance or whether they are simply associated with the metabolic complications of obesity.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In six of them, the medications were not changed after the clamp procedure; in one, rosiglitazone (4 mg per day) was stopped, and glipizide and metformin were continued.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Evaluation after Liposuction
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Weight stability was carefully maintained before and after liposuction to eliminate the confounding effects of changes in energy balance on the study end points.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > substrate kinetics and insulin sensitivity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 10-to-12-week delay was intended to eliminate the confounding effects of postsurgical inflammation on our study end points.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Evaluation after Liposuction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The decrease in body fat was greater than the total decrease in body weight, however, because of abdominal-tissue edema, which often persists for months after liposuction.16”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > body composition
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These insulin infusion rates result in plasma insulin concentrations that provide an optimal range for evaluating the effect of insulin on glucose production and lipolysis (stage 1) and on glucose disposal (stage 2).”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Euglycemic-Hyperinsulinemic Clamp Protocol
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“This amount of weight loss usually results in marked improvement in the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and improves insulin sensitivity, 18 blood pressure, 19 and concentrations of serum lipids 20 and circulating markers”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the subjects had had a stable weight (with fluctuations of not more than 2 percent of the body weight) for at least two months and had been sedentary (exercising for less than one hour per week) for at least six months before entering the study.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of subjects to be enrolled was determined as the estimated number needed for the study to detect a statistically significant effect of liposuction on glucose kinetics with a power of at least 0.8, if the subjects had lost a similar amount of body fat by dieting.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > statistical analysis
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that produces several bioactive proteins, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor a , and adiponectin.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor a can cause insulin resistance and atherosclerosis by impairing insulin signaling, stimulating lipolysis and fatty acid release, increasing hepatic synthesis of C-reactive protein, and increasing systemic inflammation, [32][33][34]”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In contrast, liposuction removes sub-cutaneous abdominal fat and reduces the total number of body fat cells, without altering visceral fat mass, 31 the size of the remaining fat cells, 10 intramyocellular fat, or intrahepatic fat.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In contrast, liposuction removes sub-cutaneous abdominal fat and reduces the total number of body fat cells, without altering visceral fat mass, 31 the size of the remaining fat cells, 10 intramyocellular fat, or intrahepatic fat.”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
It is not known whether one or both of the abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat depots are actually involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance or whether they are simply associated with the metabolic complications of obesity.
“it is not known whether one or both of these fat depots are actually involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance or whether they are simply associated with the metabolic complications of obesity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Diet-induced weight loss improves the metabolic complications of abdominal obesity.
“Diet-induced weight loss improves the metabolic complications of abdominal obesity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Liposuction does not induce a negative energy balance.
“Our results suggest that induction of a negative energy balance, not simply a decrease in the mass of adipose tissue, is critical for achieving the metabolic benefits of weight loss.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The data from the present study and our earlier study demonstrate that liposuction does not result in short-term or long-term improvement in most of the key metabolic risk factors for CHD.”
From Long-term Effects of Large-volume Liposuction on Metabolic Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Our data demonstrated that removal of large amounts of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (~10 kg) did not improve CHD risk factors or insulin sensitivity when subjects were evaluated ~10 weeks after the liposuction procedure was performed.”
From Long-term Effects of Large-volume Liposuction on Metabolic Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These long-term results are consistent with our findings obtained 10 weeks after large-volume liposuction (5) and make it unlikely that persistent postsurgical inflammation masked the metabolic benefits of liposuction that we reported previously.”
From Long-term Effects of Large-volume Liposuction on Metabolic Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These long-term results are consistent with our findings obtained 10 weeks after large-volume liposuction (5) and make it unlikely that persistent postsurgical inflammation masked the metabolic benefits of liposuction that we reported previously.”
From Long-term Effects of Large-volume Liposuction on Metabolic Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The removal of subcutaneous fat by liposuction does not appear to produce beneficial metabolic changes (182).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [182]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Euglycemic-Hyperinsulinemic Clamp Protocol
“priming dose, 4.1 mg per kilogram [22.5 µmol per kilogram]”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > Euglycemic-Hyperinsulinemic Clamp Protocol
“0.46 mg per minute per kilogram [0.25 µmol per minute per kilogram]”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“stage 1 and 2 values after liposuction, 42±5 and 89±6 µU per milliliter [252±30 and 534±48 pmol per liter], respectively”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > substrate kinetics and insulin sensitivity
Reported 48 · recomputed 36
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
“| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 151±79 | 121±58 | -30”
§ Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease > After Liposuction
“(-22 to +2) | 0.11”
Citations
Cites
Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans
Considine, R. V., Sinha, M. K., Heiman, M. L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T. W., Nyce, M. R., Ohannesian, J. P., Marco, C. C., McKee, L. J., Bauer, T. L., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602013340503 · Cited by 6,326
Relation of Body Fat Distribution to Metabolic Complications of Obesity*
KISSEBAH, A. H., VYDELINGUM, N., MURRAY, R., EVANS, D. J., KALKHOFF, R. K., & ADAMS, P. W. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-2-254 · Cited by 1,909
Kern, P. A., Ranganathan, S., Li, C., Wood, L., & Ranganathan, G. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.5.e745 · Cited by 1,883
Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link?
Yudkin, J. S., Kumari, M., Humphries, S. E., & Mohamed-Ali, V. (2000) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00463-3 · Cited by 1,775
Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Arita, Y., Okamoto, Y., Maeda, K., Kuriyama, H., Hotta, K., Nishida, M., Takahashi, M., Muraguchi, M., et al. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.11.1296 · Cited by 1,730
INFLUENCES OF GLUCOSE LOADING AND OF INJECTED INSULIN ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE OUTPUT*
Steele, R. D. (1959) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44923.x · Cited by 1,680
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
Ahima, R. S., & Flier, J. S. (2000) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(00)00301-5 · Cited by 1,608
Esposito, K., Pontillo, A., Di Palo, C., Giugliano, G., Masella, M., Marfella, R., & Giugliano, D. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1799 · Cited by 1,511
Boden, G., & Shulman, G. I. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.32.s3.3.x · Cited by 1,300
Krssak, M., Falk Petersen, K., Dresner, A., DiPietro, L., Vogel, S. M., Rothman, D. L., Shulman, G. I., & Roden, M. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051123 · Cited by 1,264
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Horowitz JF, 1999, Am J Physiol, 276, E278
- Ballor DL, 1994, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, 35
- Klein S, 1996, Am J Physiol, 270, E739
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Bautista, L., Franzosi, M. G., Commerford, P., Lang, C. C., Rumboldt, Z., Onen, C. L., Lisheng, L., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67663-5 · Cited by 2,903
Fox, C. S., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Pou, K. M., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Liu, C.-Y., Vasan, R. S., Murabito, J. M., Meigs, J. B., Cupples, L. A., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.675355 · Cited by 2,882
What we talk about when we talk about fat
Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.012 · Cited by 2,373
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease
Berg, A. H., & Scherer, P. E. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000163635.62927.34 · Cited by 2,113
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, S., Fontana, L., Young, V. L., Coggan, A. R., Kilo, C., Patterson, B. W., & Mohammed, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2004-06-17
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2549-2557
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1973382595
- Cited by
- 917
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 67.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p41rr000954-34)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK037948, P30DK056341)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00954, RR.00036)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD001459)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Body Contouring and Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- liposuction, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, coronary risk factors, type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue, glucose disposal, lipolysis, inflammatory mediators, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, weight loss
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Body Constitution, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Lipectomy, Glucose Clamp Technique, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Inflammation Mediators
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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