The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 11 of the 27 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus improves pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Women who were in the 24th to 31st week of gestation and who met the criteria for mild gestational diabetes mellitus (i.e., an abnormal result on an oral glucose-tolerance test but a fasting glucose level below 95 mg per deciliter [5.3 mmol per liter]) were randomly assigned to usual prenatal care (control group) or dietary intervention, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and insulin therapy, if necessary (treatment group). The primary outcome was a composite of stillbirth or perinatal death and neonatal complications, including hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and birth trauma. RESULTS: A total of 958 women were randomly assigned to a study group--485 to the treatment group and 473 to the control group. We observed no significant difference between groups in the frequency of the composite outcome (32.4% and 37.0% in the treatment and control groups, respectively; P=0.14). There were no perinatal deaths. However, there were significant reductions with treatment as compared with usual care in several prespecified secondary outcomes, including mean birth weight (3302 vs. 3408 g), neonatal fat mass (427 vs. 464 g), the frequency of large-for-gestational-age infants (7.1% vs. 14.5%), birth weight greater than 4000 g (5.9% vs. 14.3%), shoulder dystocia (1.5% vs. 4.0%), and cesarean delivery (26.9% vs. 33.8%). Treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus, as compared with usual care, was also associated with reduced rates of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (combined rates for the two conditions, 8.6% vs. 13.6%; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus did not significantly reduce the frequency of a composite outcome that included stillbirth or perinatal death and several neonatal complications, it did reduce the risks of fetal overgrowth, shoulder dystocia, cesarean delivery, and hypertensive disorders. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00069576.)
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Claims the paper makes
11 of 27 cited sources checked · 6 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Overall, consistent with findings from the ACHOIS trial, the findings from our trial confirm a modest benefit from the identification and treatment of women with mild carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy.8”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] source
The design and study population section describes women with glucose intolerance of pregnancy and excludes those with more severe impairment. The results section reports fewer serious perinatal complications with treatment (1% versus 4%), supporting the cited comparison with the ACHOIS trial. The citing authors' statement about findings from their own trial is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Women with gestational diabetes who have very elevated fasting blood glucose levels appear to be at an increased risk for fetal macrosomia and perinatal complications if treatment is not provide,5”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Two searches of Langer et al. (2005), “Gestational diabetes: The consequences of not treating,” returned no full-text snippets, and an abstract was not available in the provided tool results. The closest unscoped match, “Association Between Maternal Fasting Plasma Glucose Value and Fetal Weight Among Singletons of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus” (score 0.687), discusses glucose and macrosomia but does not establish the claim about untreated patients or attribute it to Langer et al. The citation is plausible, but this evidence cannot directly confirm it or justify a misattribution verdict. (LLM, conf=0.58)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Consistent with the results of our trial, the ACHOIS trial also showed a reduction in the rate of shoulder dystocia when women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus received treatment (1%, vs. 3% in the untreated group).8”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] source
The secondary outcomes section (page unavailable) reports shoulder dystocia in 1% of the intervention group versus 3% of the routine-care group, matching the claimed numerical reduction. It also states that the difference was not statistically significant; the citing sentence does not claim significance. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The recent Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study, however, described a strong continuous association between maternal glucose concentrations and increasing birth weight, cord-blood serum C-peptide levels, and other markers of perinatal complications, even at glucose concentrations below those that are usually diagnostic of gestational diabetes mellitus.6”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there were significant reductions with treatment as compared with usual care in several prespecified secondary outcomes, including mean birth weight (3302 vs. 3408 g), neonatal fat mass (427 vs. 464 g), the frequency of large-for-gestational-age infants (7.1% vs. 14.5%), birth weight greater than 4000 g (5.9% vs. 14.3%), shoulder dystocia (1.5% vs. 4.0%), and cesarean delivery (26.9% vs.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, the frequency of small-for-gestational age infants and the frequency of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit did not differ significantly between the groups (Table 3).”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > PERINATAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adjustment for the baseline reported consumption of any alcohol did not materially affect the relative risk for the primary outcome (relative risk with treatment, 0.88; 97% CI, 0.72 to 1.07; P = 0.16).”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > PERINATAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there were significant reductions with treatment as compared with usual care in several prespecified secondary outcomes, including mean birth weight (3302 vs. 3408 g), neonatal fat mass (427 vs. 464 g), the frequency of large-for-gestational-age infants (7.1% vs. 14.5%), birth weight greater than 4000 g (5.9% vs. 14.3%), shoulder dystocia (1.5% vs. 4.0%), and cesarean delivery (26.9% vs.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rates of labor induction were similar between the treatment and control groups”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > MATERNAL OUTCOMES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 37 women in the treatment group required insulin therapy, as compared with 2 in the control group.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > MATERNAL OUTCOMES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 37Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Women who met these criteria were randomly assigned by the coordinating center, with the use of the simple urn method,11 stratified by clinical center.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > METHODS > STUDY DESIGN
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] source
The citation identifies the randomization method, rather than sourcing the citing trial’s coordinating-center procedure. The Introduction describes urn randomization, and the Urn Design section discusses its use in stratified trials. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The results of the ACHOIS trial showed that treatment did not reduce the rates of symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia or jaundice requiring phototherapy.8”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [8] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The primary-outcomes results report no significant difference in jaundice requiring phototherapy. Table 4 in the secondary-outcomes section reports no significant reduction in neonatal hypoglycemia requiring IV therapy, but the paper does not identify that outcome as symptomatic hypoglycemia. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Several professional organizations have recommended screening for gestational diabetes mellitus for most pregnant women despite little evidence that the identification and treatment of mild carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy confer a benefit.1,7”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [1] 2006, Diabetes Care sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The “Diagnosis of GDM” section recommends testing women at average or high risk and says that earlier recommendations called for screening all pregnancies. It does not assess whether identifying and treating mild carbohydrate intolerance confers benefit, or establish recommendations by several professional organizations. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Supportedcites [7] 2001, Obstet Gynecol sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Semantic Scholar returned no full-text snippets for ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 30, so its wording cannot be checked directly. However, the secondary review “Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force” says that ACOG and other organizations recommended screening most pregnant women, while evidence for benefits beyond reduced fetal macrosomia was insufficient (score 0.62). The Horvath review snippet (score 0.704) discusses whether treatment benefits justify screening, but does not establish that the recommendation was misattributed to ACOG. The claim is a reasonable paraphrase of the historical guidance and evidence gap, though the bulletin itself remains unverified. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Although gestational diabetes mellitus is a recognized marker for an increased risk of subsequent diabetes, its clinical significance with respect to various adverse pregnancy outcomes has been uncertain.2,4”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [2] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Two searches of Jovanovic’s 2001 JAMA paper, “Gestational Diabetes Mellitus,” returned no full-text snippets, so the attributed statement could not be checked directly. An unscoped search found the same general finding in “Characterization of Former Gestational Diabetes Mellitus” (score 0.711), but that does not show Jovanovic’s paper omits it or that the claim belongs exclusively to another source. The available evidence does not justify a misattribution verdict. (LLM, conf=0.62)
- Could not verifycites [4] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Semantic Scholar does not index the cited Buchanan and Kjos (1999) paper, so its abstract and full text could not be checked. Other papers support the general claim: a retrospective account of Buchanan and Kjos’s research reports that women with gestational diabetes had a high risk of developing diabetes within five years (search score 0.592). That account does not establish that the specific 1999 paper makes the claim, and no distinct source met the threshold for misattribution. (LLM, conf=0.60)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS), a large, randomized trial of treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus, concluded that treatment reduces serious perinatal complications and may also improve health-related quality of life.8”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] source
The Conclusions state that treatment reduces serious perinatal morbidity and may improve women’s health-related quality of life. The Results report fewer serious perinatal complications in the intervention group (1% versus 4%) and quality-of-life scores consistent with improved health status. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the body-mass index at delivery and weight gain from enrollment to delivery were lower among women in the treatment group than among those in the control group (Table 4).”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > MATERNAL OUTCOMES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there were significant reductions with treatment as compared with usual care in several prespecified secondary outcomes, including mean birth weight (3302 vs. 3408 g), neonatal fat mass (427 vs. 464 g), the frequency of large-for-gestational-age infants (7.1% vs. 14.5%), birth weight greater than 4000 g (5.9% vs. 14.3%), shoulder dystocia (1.5% vs. 4.0%), and cesarean delivery (26.9% vs.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > RESULTS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The individual rates of neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, birth trauma, and elevated cord-blood C-peptide level did not differ significantly between the two groups.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > PERINATAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the course of the trial, an external data and safety monitoring committee periodically reviewed the trial results.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > METHODS > STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast with previous randomized trials involving women with gestational diabetes mellitus, we verified compliance with glycemic monitoring and documented whether target glucose thresholds were achieved.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All cases of hypertensive disorders and shoulder dystocia underwent masked central review by two of the authors to ensure that the diagnoses were accurate.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > METHODS > STUDY OUTCOMES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary analysis of the clinical trial was conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > METHODS > STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences in demographic variables or results of the oral glucose-tolerance test between the women in the treatment group and those in the control group.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > RESULTS > STUDY POPULATION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Associations among macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, and the increased risk of brachial plexus injury in the offspring of women with diabetes are well documented.26”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26] McFarland LV, 1986, Obstet Gynecol
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall rate of preeclampsia in our study was substantially lower than that in the ACHOIS study, which is probably explained by our use of more stringent diagnostic criteria.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Naylor and colleagues suggested that simply the recognition that the mother has gestational diabetes mellitus may lead to a lower threshold for operative delivery, thus mitigating the potential benefits of treatment in reducing fetal overgrowth.24”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ACHOIS trial, however, included an ethnically homogeneous group of women who had a greater degree of hyperglycemia than that in our more diverse study population.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, or the knowledge that it is present, has been reported to be associated with an increase in several adverse maternal outcomes.29”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with an increased rate of maternal complications and are a major contributor to preterm delivery among women with gestational diabetes mellitus.30”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [30] Cousins L. Obstetric complications in diabetic pregnancies. In: Reece EA, Coustan DR, Gabbe SG, eds. Diabetes in women: adolescence, pregnancy, and menopause. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004:351-70.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Despite these findings, the 2008 guidelines of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force again concluded that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance between benefit and harm with respect to the screening and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.9”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] 2008, Ann Intern Med source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Labor induction and cesarean delivery may be less commonly performed in academic medical centers, including the centers that participated in this study.”
§ A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the ACHOIS study, the composite endpoint (neonatal death, perinatal injury, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia) was significantly reduced with antihyperglycemic intervention, and there was also a lower weight gain (by 1.7 kg on average) and a lower incidence of LGA.”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The expected bene fi ts of using IADPSG criteria to the offspring are inferred from intervention trials that focused on individuals with lower levels of hyperglycemia than those identi fi ed using older GDM diagnostic criteria. Those trials found modest bene fi ts, including reduced rates of largefor-gestational-age births and preeclampsia (211,212).”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [211]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that 80 -90% of participants being treated for mild GDM in these two randomized controlled trials could be managed with lifestyle therapy alone.”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [211]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of note, 80-90% of participants being treated for mild GDM in these two randomized controlled trials could be managed with lifestyle therapy alone.”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [194]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“women should be counselled that identification and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus defined by elevated glucose concentrations following a glucose load is supported by high quality evidence, 15 , 16”
From Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( ADIPS ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This approach is based on available trial evidence, 15 , 16”
From Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( ADIPS ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in women with GDM demonstrated the improvement of these pregnancy outcomes in women identified with and treated for GDM compared with women left untreated [6,7].”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although in the original study treatment did not demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of the primary outcome compared to usual care”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“large for gestational age infants”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“shoulder dystocia”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“cesarean delivery”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“neonatal fat mass”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Treatment of mild GDM also reduced maternal gestational weight gain”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the primary study, treatment of mild GDM reduced the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“macrosomia”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A number needed to treat was not calculated for the composite neonatal outcome, as this was not reduced by treatment in the original study.”
From Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The treatment of even mild forms of glucose intolerance in GDM offers an added benefit, as demonstrated by the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU).”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the MFMU study, no changes were noted in the composite endpoint, but the incidence of LGA and shoulder dystocia decreased significantly [2,29,30].”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although two RCTs found that treatment of GDM can reduce perinatal morbidity (264,265), it is not known whether treatment reduces long-term risks in children.”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [265]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Those trials found modest benefits, including reduced rates of largefor-gestational-age births and preeclampsia (194,195).”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [194]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Follow-up of the children in both these studies at 4 to 5 (264-266) and 7 years of age (267), respectively, failed to observe differences in limited indicators of child adiposity between children of mothers with treated GDM and those with untreated GDM.”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [265]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Blood glucose-lowering pharmacological therapy is effective at improving outcomes in women with gestational diabetes whose hyperglycemia does not respond sufficiently to lifestyle therapy (71, 82, 88–90).”
From Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2013) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“Although the diagnostic tests and criteria used in the 2 RCTs differed substantially, treatment outcomes were quite similar (Table 1)”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Multiple benefits have been attributed to lifestyle interventions, including decreased risk of macrosomia, decreased neonatal adiposity, and increased likelihood to achieve postpartum weight goals.12,13,50”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a cornerstone of therapy for all women with GDM, and approximately 80% to 90% of women are able to meet therapeutic targets with MNT alone.12,13”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“which fits with other data showing that maternal glycemia relates to birth weight.21–23”
From Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years of age (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“There are two randomized trials showing that treatment of mild GDM (predominantly with diet) compared with standard pregnancy care was associated with improved pregnancy outcomes (22,23)”
From Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: The Offspring Follow-Up (MiG TOFU) (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“As shown in Table 3, the relative risk for some of the main adverse immediate outcomes were significantly reduced, by similar proportions of 40% to 60% for LGA and macrosomic babies and 30% to 40% for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, when mild GDM was recognized and treated.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The Landon et al 29 study, a similar RCT to the ACHOIS study, but which used the more stringent diagnostic criteria of the 2-step procedure as long as the fasting plasma glucose was <95 mg/ dL, demonstrated a 51% reduction in LGA and a 37% reduction in preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders.Applying these reductions as above would yield relative risks of 1.16 for LGA Clinical Opinion ajog.org and”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network study 29 was similar to ACHOIS in its design but used the Carpenter and Coustan criteria for the 100 g, 3-hour OGTT 9 as long as the fasting plasma glucose level was <95 mg/dL.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“the two trials that focused on the treatment of”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [175]
In the citing paper
“Both studies found that treatment of GDM can reduce both serious adverse outcomes and the frequency of large babies (macrosomia) (174,175).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [175]
In the citing paper
“Two randomized clinical trials have now demonstrated a benefit from the treatment of”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [175]
In the citing paper
“Both studies found that treatment of GDM can reduce both serious adverse outcomes and the frequency of large babies (macrosomia) (174,175).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [175]
In the citing paper
“Unlike our study, Metzger et al. [2], Crowther et al. [10] and Landon et al. [11] excluded women with greater degrees of hyperglycaemia.”
From Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Considering this, the prevalence of the various maternal adverse events is similar to the 'routine care' groups in the Crowther et al. [10] and Landon et al. [11] studies.”
From Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Expected benefits to their pregnancies and offspring is inferred from intervention trials that focused on women with more mild hyperglycemia than identified using older GDM diagnostic criteria and that found modest benefits (15,16).”
From Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that 80–90% of women in both of the mild GDM studies (whose glucose values overlapped with the thresholds recommended herein) could be managed with lifestyle therapy alone.”
From Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Positive fasting glucose-birthweight effects were also seen in the IV of glucose as an intermediate in an RCT57 and IV MR studies.55”
From Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Birth-weight cutoff differs between methods and results
MinorThe prespecified outcome excludes infants weighing exactly 4000 g, but the results describe an outcome that includes them. The text does not establish which cutoff was used for the reported comparison.
“Secondary prespecified neonatal outcome measures included birth weight greater than 4000 g”
“the frequency of large-for-gestational age infants and of infants with a birth weight of 4000 g or greater, were significantly reduced in the treatment group”
Birth-weight threshold changes at exactly 4000 g
MinorThe prespecified outcome excludes infants weighing exactly 4000 g, but the results describe the outcome as including them. The two definitions classify infants at that weight differently.
“Secondary prespecified neonatal outcome measures included birth weight greater than 4000 g, large size for gestational age”
“the frequency of large-for-gestational age infants and of infants with a birth weight of 4000 g or greater, were significantly reduced”
Cited works that were retracted
Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.
Cites a retracted work: W4300627291
InfoThe cited work was retracted; the date of the notice is not on record.
Cited work W4300627291 · retraction date not known · this paper published 2009-10
Citations
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Cited by
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Items 601–700 of 2,113
Tieu, J., McPhee, A. J., Crowther, C. A., & Middleton, P. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007222.pub3 · Cited by 56
for the Target Study Group, Crowther, C. A., Alsweiler, J. M., Hughes, R., & Brown, J. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2060-2 · Cited by 31
Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus will be flawed until we can measure glucose
Bruns, D. E., Metzger, B. E., & Sacks, D. B. (2020) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvz027 · Cited by 30
“Diagnosis of GDM is important because the risk of adverse events is reduced by treatment (3, 4).”
BackgroundAdverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism
Li, M.-F., Ma, L., Yu, T.-P., Zhu, Y., Chen, M.-Y., Liu, Y., & Li, L.-X. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108085 · Cited by 31
Kim, S. M., Park, J. S., Norwitz, E. R., Lee, S. M., Kim, B. J., Park, C., Jun, J. K., Kim, C. W., & Syn, H. C. (2011) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719111417889 · Cited by 30
“The timely and accurate diagnosis of GDM is important because identifying and treating this disorder substantially reduces the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.(4,8,9) A previous study reported that early glucose tolerance screening could decrease some diabetes-associated complications such as hydramnios and preterm…”
BackgroundJacklin, P., Maresh, M., Patterson, C. C., Stanley, K. P., Dornhorst, A., Burman-Roy, S., & Bilous, R. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016621 · Cited by 31
“A recent review has, however, questioned the association between maternal glycaemia and subsequent cardio-metabolic outcomes in offspring in humans,(21) and a recent follow-up study failed to find evidence of a reduction in childhood obesity or metabolic dysfunction at 5 years in the offspring of women treated for mil…”
MethodDiabetes in Youth—Looking Backwards to Inform the Future: Kelly West Award Lecture 2017
Dabelea, D. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci17-0031 · Cited by 33
Simmons, D. S., Devlieger, R., Assche, A. V., Galjaard, S., Corcoy, R., Adelantado, J. M., Dunne, F., Desoyé, G., Kautzky‐Willer, A., Damm, P., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111568 · Cited by 31
“DALI is one of the few to include this design feature, and while this allows a test of the impact of GWG limitation on the incidence of GDM, those with hyperglycemia at baseline may have had greater benefit from the intervention [28,29].”
BackgroundTransferred maternal fatty acids stimulate fetal adipogenesis and lead to neonatal and adult obesity
Szabo, A. J. (2018) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.022 · Cited by 31
“Surprisingly, while babies of gestational diabetics did indeed show decreased adiposity when the mother was treated with insulin [92], babies born to insulin treated type 1 diabetics continued to show increased birth weight [93].”
BackgroundBashir, M., Aboulfotouh, M. E., Dabbous, Z., Mokhtar, M. G., Siddique, M. A., Wahba, R. M., Ibrahim, A., Brich, S., Konje, J. C., & Abou‐Samra, A. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1550480 · Cited by 32
“Two randomized controlled trials have shown that 80–85% of women with GDM can achieve normal glucose levels without the need for pharmacotherapy [9,10].”
BackgroundBenhalima, K., Minschart, C., Crombrugge, P. V., Calewaert, P., Verhaeghe, J., Vandamme, S., Theetaert, K., Devlieger, R., Pierssens, L., Ryckeghem, H., et al. (2019) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2019.1637389 · Cited by 33
“between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy reduces the risk for pregnancy complications such as large-for-gestational age infants (LGA) and preeclampsia [2,3].”
BackgroundEstablishing consensus criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy following the HAPO study
Hadar, E., & Hod, M. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05671.x · Cited by 32
Timing of treatment initiation for mild gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcomes
Palatnik, A., Mele, L., Landon, M. B., Reddy, U. M., Ramin, S. M., Carpenter, M. W., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.022 · Cited by 31
Self-citationFox, N. S., Gerber, R. S., Saltzman, D. H., Gupta, S., Fishman, A. Y., Klauser, C. K., & Rebarber, A. (2015) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1038517 · Cited by 33
“Recently, several large trials have demonstrated that screening for, and treatment of, GDM is significantly associated with improved outcomes [5,8].”
BackgroundResultKhalifah, R. A. A., AlSubaihin, A., Al-Kharfi, T., Al-Alaiyan, S. A., & AlFaleh, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Neonatology · doi:10.4103/2249-4847.92241 · Cited by 32
“Moreover, good maternal glycemic control can reduce the risks of shoulder dystocia, cesarean delivery, and hypertensive disorders.[18,21,27,28]”
BackgroundNäf, S., Escoté, X., Ballesteros, M., Yañez, R. E., Simón‐Muela, I., Gil, P., Albaigés, G., Vendrell, J. J., & Megía, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092175 · Cited by 31
“Current treatment of GDM is aimed at normalizing birth weight and reducing fat mass [2].”
BackgroundSafety Considerations with Pharmacological Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Simmons, D. S. (2014) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0253-9 · Cited by 32
Update on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Evensen, A. E. (2011) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.011 · Cited by 31
Ott, R., Stupin, J. H., Loui, A., Eilers, E., Melchior, K., Rancourt, R. C., Schellong, K., Ziska, T., Dudenhausen, J. W., Henrich, W., et al. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1889-8 · Cited by 31
“, achieving good glycemic control, has been shown to effectively reduce in utero overgrowth and increased birth weight risk [17, 18].”
BackgroundSerial Third-Trimester Ultrasonography Compared With Routine Care in Uncomplicated Pregnancies
Balogun, O. A., Sibai, B. M., Pedroza, C., Blackwell, S. C., Barrett, T., & Chauhan, S. P. (2018) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002970 · Cited by 31
Márquez-Pardo, R., Torres-Barea, I., Córdoba-Doña, J.-A., Cruzado-Begines, C., García-García-Doncel, L., Aguilar-Diosdado, M., & Baena-Nieto, M.-G. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0319 · Cited by 29
Missed follow-up opportunities using a two-step screening approach for gestational diabetes
Sievenpiper, J. L., McDonald, S. D., Grey, V., & Don-Wauchope, A. C. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.030 · Cited by 30
Donovan, L., Boyle, S. L., McNeil, D. A., Pedersen, S. D., Dean, S., Wood, S. L., & Edwards, A. L. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2012.01.003 · Cited by 30
Orós, M., Perejón, D., Arnáiz, C. S., Siscart, J., Baldó, J. À., & Sol, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59465-x · Cited by 34
“However, some studies have shown that treatment of GD based on different thresholds can reduce the incidence of macrosomia and other unfavourable perinatal outcomes 28–31 .”
BackgroundBenhalima, K., Geerts, I., Calewaert, P., Rijsselberghe, M. V., Lee, D., Bochanen, N., Verstraete, S., Buyse, L., Lewi, L., Caron, R., et al. (2024) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2024.2384258 · Cited by 36
“There is no doubt that screening for GDM between 24 and 28 weeks is important to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as large-for-gestational age infants (LGA) and pree-clampsia [3,4].”
Gestational Diabetes Diagnostic Methods (GD2M) Pilot Randomized Trial
Scifres, C., Abebe, K. Z., Jones, K. A., COMER, D. M., Costacou, T., Freiberg, M. S., Simhan, H. N., Day, N. L., & Davis, E. M. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1651-4 · Cited by 31
“outcome which included perinatal mortality or significant morbidity, but there were reductions in the secondary outcomes of pregnancy induced hypertension and macrosomia [12].”
BackgroundScreening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: Consensus and controversy
Waugh, N. R., Pearson, D. W. M., & Royle, P. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.06.004 · Cited by 30
The first trimester: Prediction and prevention of the great obstetrical syndromes
Sweeting, A., Park, F. J., & Hyett, J. A. (2014) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.09.006 · Cited by 29
Perspectives on the Proposed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostic Criteria
Langer, O., Umans, J. G., & Miodovnik, M. (2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31827711e5 · Cited by 31
“It did, however, reduce the risks of fetal overgrowth, shoulder dystocia, cesarean delivery, and hypertensive disorders.(13,14) In another study, the benefits of treatment of GDM were evaluated using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria.”
MethodStockham, S., Stamford, J. E., Roberts, C. T., Fitzsimmons, T. R., Marchant, C. L., Bartold, P. M., & Zilm, P. S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120050 · Cited by 30
Daily walking is effective for the management of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Hayashi, A., Oguchi, H., Kozawa, Y., Ban, Y., Shinoda, J., & Suganuma, N. (2018) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13698 · Cited by 28
“Conclusion: Simple walking for light intensity physical activity is effective for controlling the CGL in pregnant women with GDM.”
BackgroundInfluentialA systematic review of trends of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia
Hirst, J. E., Raynes‐Greenow, C. H., & Jeffery, H. (2012) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/2078-7685.198086 · Cited by 29
Utz, B., Assarag, B., Smekens, T., Ennassiri, H., Lekhal, T., Ansari, N. E., Fakhir, B., Barkat, A., Essolbi, A., & Brouwere, V. D. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209322 · Cited by 35
Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk
Skowronski, A. A., Leibel, R. L., & LeDuc, C. A. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad031 · Cited by 33
Therapeutic management of gestational diabetes
Jacqueminet, S., & Jannot-Lamotte, M.-F. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.016 · Cited by 29
Approach to the Patient with Diabetes during Pregnancy
Hone, J., & Jovanovic, L. G. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0383 · Cited by 32
“3% are abnormal in pregnancy (10) and increase the risk of macrosomia (11).”
BackgroundRacial Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes Among Women with Gestational Diabetes
Berggren, E. K., Boggess, K., Funk, M. J., & Stuebe, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.3123 · Cited by 30
“5) 54 (17) 20 (13) Multiparity* 420 (76) 163 (52) 95 (61) Chronic hypertension* 23 (4) 37 (12) 28 (18) Multiple gestation 12 (2) 13 (12) 4 (3) History of preeclampsia* 26 (5) 29 (9) 9 (6) History of gestational diabetes 16 (3) 14 (5) 9 (6) Placenta previa diagnosis 12 (2) 3 (1) 1 (1) Induction of labor 208 (38) 114 (3…”
Helseth, R., Salvesen, Ø. O., Stafne, S. N., Mørkved, S., Salvesen, K. Å., & Carlsen, S. M. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365513.2014.928942 · Cited by 30
A Combined Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hajduk, J., Klupczyńska, A., Dereziński, P., Matysiak, J., Kokot, P., Nowak-Malczewska, D. M., Gajęcka, M., Nowak‐Markwitz, E., & Kokot, Z. J. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms161226133 · Cited by 29
“The occurrence of GDM may vary from 1% to 14%, taking into account the population and diagnostic estimation [1,2].”
BackgroundFertility problems and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study
Søegaard, S. H., Kjær, S. K., Jørgensen, M. E., Damm, P., & Jensen, A. (2016) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.040 · Cited by 30
“210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 treatment of GDM improve the outcome of pregnancy and the health of the affected women and their offspring (12, 13).”
Görar, S., Abanonu, G. B., Uysal, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13280 · Cited by 30
“gestation has been suggested to minimize the risks and enable carrying the pregnancy to the term without complications.(25,26)”
BackgroundResultComments on gestational diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical practice
Poulakos, P., Mintziori, G., Tsirou, E., Taousani, E., Savvaki, D., Harizopoulou, V. C., & Goulis, D. G. (2015) · HORMONES · doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1570 · Cited by 33
Arora, D., Arora, R., Sangthong, S., Leelaporn, W., & Sangratanathongchai, J. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Timing of delivery in women with diabetes in pregnancy
Berger, H. M., & Melamed, N. (2014) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x13513577 · Cited by 29
Falavigna, M., Prestes, I. V., Schmidt, M. I., Duncan, B. B., Colagiuri, S., & Roglić, G. (2013) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.12.009 · Cited by 32
“[7] Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, et al.”
BackgroundComparison of Two Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes (GDM 2 ) Trial: Design and rationale
Abebe, K. Z., Scifres, C., Simhan, H. N., Day, N. L., Catalano, P. M., Bodnar, L. M., Costacou, T., Matthew, D., Illes, A., Orris, S. R., et al. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.012 · Cited by 31
Self-citationThe post-HAPO situation with gestational diabetes: the bright and dark sides
Lapolla, A., & Metzger, B. E. (2018) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-018-1146-7 · Cited by 30
Khalil, C. (2019) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/13661 · Cited by 24
Tzotzis, L., Hooper, M.-E., Douglas, A., Kurz, E., Atchan, M., Spiller, S., & Davis, D. (2023) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2022.08.006 · Cited by 25
An overview of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with obesity
Bashir, M., Fagier, Y., Ahmed, B., & Konje, J. C. (2024) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102469 · Cited by 34
The Role of Exercise in Reducing the Risks of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hopkins, S. A., & Artal, R. (2013) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.13.52 · Cited by 34
“Can exercise reduce the health consequences of GDM? Short- & long-term maternal health consequences of GDM Women with diabetes in pregnancy are at increased risk for developing hypertensive disorders and pre-eclampsia [56], and are more likely to require an induction of labor or delivery by cesarian section [56,57].”
BackgroundBalsells, M., García‐Patterson, A., Gich, I. J., & Corcoy, R. (2013) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.12291 · Cited by 28
“The figures were 10 in the present report compared with 11 in the ACHOIS study (19), and 16 in the Landon trial (20).”
ResultBarquiel, B., Herranz, L., Hillman, N., Burgos, M. Á., Grande, C., Tukia, K., Bartha, J. L., & Pallardo, L. F. (2016) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5432 · Cited by 32
“Dietary GDM treatment itself may help attain this nonglycemic goal.(32) However, physicians frequently omit gestational weight gain counseling during pregnancy(33) in GDM.”
Fetal Growth Is Associated with Maternal Fasting Plasma Glucose at First Prenatal Visit
Liu, B., Chen, H., Xu, Y., An, C., Zhong, L., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, J., & Wang, Z. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116352 · Cited by 29
“Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication with increasing world-wide prevalence [1, 2].”
BackgroundLeng, J., Wang, P., Shao, P., Zhang, C., Li, W., Li, N., Wang, L., Nan, H., Yu, Z., Hu, G., et al. (2016) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2861 · Cited by 30
Lekva, T., Godang, K., Michelsen, A. E., Qvigstad, E., Normann, K. R., Norwitz, E. R., Aukrust, P., Henriksen, T., Bollerslev, J., Roland, M. C. P., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31614-z · Cited by 30
Cosson, E., Vicaut, É., Sandre-Banon, D., Gary, F., Pharisien, I., Portal, J.-J., Baudry, C., Cussac-Pillegand, C., Costeniuc, D., Valensi, P. E., et al. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2019.09.002 · Cited by 30
Zhang, L., Wang, F., Tashiro, S., & Liu, P. J. (2024) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100330 · Cited by 36
Meloncelli, N. J. L., Barnett, A. G., Pelly, F. E., & de Jersey, S. (2018) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.12816 · Cited by 28
Wang, X., Zhang, X., Zhou, M., Juan, J., & Wang, X. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2021/5516937 · Cited by 40
Extracellular vesicles and their role in gestational diabetes mellitus
James‐Allan, L. B., & Devaskar, S. U. (2021) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.012 · Cited by 32
Phelan, S., Jelalian, E., Coustan, D. R., Caughey, A. B., CASTORINO, K. N., Hagobian, T. A., Muñoz‐Christian, K., Schaffner, A. A., Shields, L. E., Heaney, C., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05204-w · Cited by 34
Oyedeji, O., Maples, J. M., Rand, B. G., Fortner, K. B., Zite, N. B., & Ehrlich, S. F. (2021) · Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s40842-021-00120-z · Cited by 32
“is associated with several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes including increased risk of preterm birth [4], cesarean delivery [5], birth injuries [5, 6], macrosomia,”
BackgroundChamberlain, C., McLean, A., Oats, J. J. N., Oldenburg, B. F., Eades, S., Sinha, A. K., & Wolfe, R. S. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1555-3 · Cited by 28
“Importantly, gestational diabetes can be treated [86–88] and the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes reduced [89]; therefore a gestational diabetes diagnosis offers an important ‘window of opportunity’ [90] for prevention, and strategies to improve postpartum glucose screening must also include supporting women to…”
BackgroundFetal male gender and the benefits of treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus
Bahado-Singh, R. O., Mele, L., Landon, M. B., Ramin, S. M., Carpenter, M. W., Casey, B. M., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.015 · Cited by 27
“The details of study design, outcomes, and statistical analyses were published previously in the principal analysis of these data.(2) In brief, women who were between 24and30weeks6daysgestationat the time of 50-g glucose challenge test and whose 1-hour blood glucose value was 135-200 mg/dL (7.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationImpact des nouveaux critères de dépistage sur la prévalence du diabète gestationnel
Wery, E., Vambergue, A., Gouëff, F. L., Vincent, D., & Deruelle, P. (2013) · Journal de gynécologie, obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction. Supplément/Journal de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.01.005 · Cited by 28
Giannubilo, S. R., Pasculli, A., Ballatori, C., Biagini, A., & Ciavattini, A. (2018) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.02.015 · Cited by 28
Conway, D. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119963783.ch20 · Cited by 28
Song, X., Chen, L., Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Wei, J., Wang, T., & Qin, J. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14163347 · Cited by 28
“Recent efforts have yielded conclusive results in terms of interventions aimed at optimizing blood glucose levels in reducing the risk of fetal overgrowth [41,42].”
Popova, P., Vasilyeva, L., Tkachuck, A., Puzanov, M., Golovkin, A., Bolotko, Y., Pustozerov, E., Vasilyeva, E., Li, O., Zazerskaya, I., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2018/6481658 · Cited by 27
“These targets were used by the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU) trial showing benefit for the treatment of GDM [28].”
MethodImpacto do diabetes gestacional nos desfechos neonatais: uma coorte retrospectiva
do Amaral, A. R., Silva, J. C., Ferreira, B. D. S., Silva, M. R. E., & Bertini, A. M. (2015) · Scientia Medica · doi:10.15448/1980-6108.2015.1.19272 · Cited by 27
“Um achado que chamou atenção, dada a discordância com estudos anteriores [23-25], foi a ausência de associação entre DMG e aumento de interFigura 1.”
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: What Can Medical Nutrition Therapy Do?
Wei, X., Zou, H., Zhang, T., Huo, Y., Yang, J., Wang, Z., Li, Y., & Zhao, J. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16081217 · Cited by 31
Valent, A. M., Rickert, M. C., Pagan, C. H., Ward, L., DUNN, E. Z., & Rincon, M. P. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-0115 · Cited by 36
Nutritional approaches to breaking the intergenerational cycle of obesity
Mühlhäusler, B. S., Gugusheff, J., Ong, Z. Y., & Vithayathil, M. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2012-0353 · Cited by 29
Gestational diabetes and the neonate: challenges and solutions
Malhotra, A. K., & Stewart, A. (2015) · Research and Reports in Neonatology · doi:10.2147/rrn.s30971 · Cited by 30
Magon, N. (2011) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.83398 · Cited by 28
“Expected benefits to their pregnancies and offspring is inferred from intervention trials that focused on women with more mild hyperglycemia than identified using older GDM diagnostic criteria and that found modest benefits.[47,48] The frequency of their follow-up and blood glucose monitoring is not yet clear but like…”
BackgroundMethodYee, L. M., Taylor, S., Young, M. R., Williams, M., Niznik, C. M., & Simon, M. A. (2020) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/17794 · Cited by 27
Jung, C.-H., Jung, S.-H., Choi, D., Kim, B.-Y., Kim, C.-H., & Mok, J.-O. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108586 · Cited by 28
Tarvonen, M. J., Hovi, P., Sainio, S., Vuorela, P., Andersson, S., & Teramo, K. A. (2021) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-021-01756-0 · Cited by 27
Venkatesh, K. K., Harrington, K. A., Cameron, N. A., Petito, L. C., Powe, C. E., Landon, M. B., Grobman, W. A., & Khan, S. S. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100785 · Cited by 28
Self-citationBarriers and enablers to translating gestational diabetes guidelines into practice
Wilkinson, S. A., McCray, S. J., Beckmann, M. M., Parry, A., & McIntyre, D. H. (2014) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.1833 · Cited by 27
Hunt, K. J., Marlow, N. M., Gebregziabher, M., Ellerbe, C. N., MAULDIN, J. G., Mayorga, M. E., & Korte, J. E. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2430-z · Cited by 27
“One study limitation is that we did not have information on treatment received for diabetes during pregnancy—an important factor because tight control of glucose levels during pregnancy impacts infant birthweight [36, 37].”
Barquiel, B., Herranz, L., Grande, C., Castro-Dufourny, I., Llaro, M., Ramírez, P. A. P., Burgos, M. A., & Pallardo, L. F. (2014) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.011 · Cited by 26
Interrupting Intergenerational Cycles of Maternal Obesity
Gillman, M. W. (2016) · Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop series · doi:10.1159/000439487 · Cited by 28
Risk Factors for the Requirement of Antenatal Insulin Treatment in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Watanabe, M., Katayama, A., 香川, 英., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2016/9648798 · Cited by 27
Benhalima, K., Verstraete, S., Muylle, F., Decochez, K., Devlieger, R., Crombrugge, P. V., Verhaegen, A. A., Wens, J., & Mathieu, C. (2017) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2017/3971914 · Cited by 27
“The incidence of GDM is rising globally, and it represents an important modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as macrosomia and preeclampsia [3, 4].”
BackgroundPharmacological Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Mukerji, G., & Feig, D. S. (2017) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0807-0 · Cited by 32
“Treatment of GDM can prevent short-term maternal and neonatal complications [13, 14].”
BackgroundThe relationship of maternal glycemia to childhood obesity and metabolic dysfunction‡
Landon, M. B., Mele, L., Varner, M. W., Casey, B. M., Reddy, U. M., Wapner, R. J., Rouse, D. J., Tita, A., Thorp, J. M., Chien, E. K., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1484094 · Cited by 26
“Moreover, large scale treatment trials of mild gestational diabetes conducted over the last decade have provided evidence that treatment leads to a reduction in birthweight and the frequency of large-for gestational age infants [10,19].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationWeiss, C., Oppelt, P., & Mayer, R. B. (2019) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-018-4964-5 · Cited by 27
“Treatment may include dietary measures, physical activity, or insulin therapy [12, 13].”
BackgroundSina, M., Cade, T. J., Flack, J. R., Nolan, C. J., Rajagopal, R., Wong, V., Burcher, L., Barry, A., Gianatti, E., McCarthy, A., et al. (2020) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.13144 · Cited by 26
“…adapting to the growing numbers of women with GDM with approaches that differ from the traditional DIP clinic used in the landmark RCTs. 11,28 These adapted models of care have allowed greater reach and increased accommodation for women with GDM, and all clinics should review their…”
Johnson, M. S., Jackson, D. L., & Schust, D. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64672-x · Cited by 34
Unresolved controversies in gestational diabetes
Barbour, L. A. (2014) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000080 · Cited by 27
“However, the two RCTs showing benefit for the identification and treatment of GDM women did not use the ADA criteria [14,15].”
MethodMaternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Insulin Resistance
Tuuli, M. G., Stout, M. J., Macones, G. A., Cahill, A. G., & Temming, L. A. (2016) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0036-1572434 · Cited by 28
Bianchi, C., Battini, L., Aragona, M., Lencioni, C., Ottanelli, S., Romano, M., Calabrese, M., Cuccuru, I., Bellis, A. D., Mori, M., et al. (2017) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2016.1266474 · Cited by 27
Impact of new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes
Sexton, H., Heal, C. F., Banks, J. L., & Braniff, K. (2018) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13544 · Cited by 26
Denney, J. M., & Quinn, K. (2018) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2018.01.003 · Cited by 28
Sina, M., MacMillan, F., Dune, T. M., Balasuriya, N., Khouri, N., Nguyen, N. T. K., Jongvisal, V., Lay, X. H., & Simmons, D. S. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2028-2 · Cited by 25
Does Gestational Diabetes Cause Additional Risk in Twin Pregnancy?
Sheehan, A. C. M., Umstad, M. P., Cole, S. A., & Cade, T. J. (2019) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2018.72 · Cited by 27
“The two landmark randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating screening and treatment of GDM either did not include twin pregnancies (Landon et al., 2009), or only included a small number of twins and did not separate the data during analysis (Crowther et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialvan Hoorn, F., Koster, M. P. H., Naaktgeboren, C. A., Groenendaal, F., Kwee, A., Ruiter, M. L.-D., Franx, A., & Bekker, M. N. (2020) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16446 · Cited by 27
The Role of Lifestyle Intervention in the Prevention and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
Moholdt, T. T., Hayman, M., Shorakae, S., Brown, W. J., & Harrison, C. L. (2020) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722208 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Landon, M. B., Spong, C. Y., Thom, E., Carpenter, M. W., Ramin, S. M., Casey, B., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., Sciscione, A., Catalano, P., Harper, M., Saade, G., Lain, K. Y., Sorokin, Y., Peaceman, A. M., Tolosa, J. E., & Anderson, G. B.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 361
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1339-1348
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC2804874
- OpenAlex
- W2000357287
- Cited by
- 2,122
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 118 · 2021: 145 · 2020: 150 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 127 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 121
- FWCI
- 145.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r24hd050924-06)
- National Center for Research Resources (C06RR011234, M01RR000080, UL1RR024989, UL1RR025755, UL1RR025764, M01RR000034)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD40512, HD53118, U01HD036801, R24 HD-050924, HD27917, U10HD040544, U10HD034208, HD-27915, U10HD040512, HD34116, UG1HD034116, HD40545, HD34136, (HD40500, UG1HD053097, U10HD027915, U10HD040545, U10HD040560, HD 40544, HD-27860, HD40560, HD53097, U10HD027917, U10HD036801, U10HD027860, U10HD021410, HD 34208, HD 36801, U10HD053097, U10HD034116, HD27869, [HD21410, U10HD040500, U10HD040485, U10HD053118, U10HD027869, U10HD034136, UG1HD034208, U24HD036801, UG1HD040500, UG1HD040512, UG1HD027869, UG1HD040544, UG1HD040485, UG1HD027915, UG1HD040560, UG1HD040545, HD 40485)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, dietary intervention, self-monitoring of blood glucose, insulin therapy, perinatal outcomes, stillbirth, neonatal complications, birth weight, large for gestational age, shoulder dystocia, cesarean section, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, fetal overgrowth
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Cesarean Section, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Fetal Macrosomia, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Insulin, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Gestational, Premature Birth, Stillbirth, Perinatal Mortality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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