Cited by 1,093Diabetes and associated disordersT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Rituximab, B-Lymphocyte Depletion, and Preservation of Beta-Cell Function

Open access

Pescovitz, Mark D., Greenbaum, Carla J., Krause-Steinrauf, Heidi, Becker, Dorothy J., Gitelman, Stephen E., Goland, Robin, Gottlieb, Peter A., Marks, Jennifer B., McGee, Paula F., Moran, Antoinette M., Raskin, Philip, Rodriguez, Henry, Schatz, Desmond A., Wherrett, Diane, Wilson, Darrell M., Lachin, John M., Skyler, Jay S.·2009·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa0904452PMC PMC6410357

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with T-lymphocyte autoimmunity. However, there is growing evidence that B lymphocytes play a role in many T-lymphocyte-mediated diseases. It is possible to achieve selective depletion of B lymphocytes with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. This phase 2 study evaluated the role of B-lymphocyte depletion in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind study in which 87 patients between 8 and 40 years of age who had newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were assigned to receive infusions of rituximab or placebo on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of the study. The primary outcome, assessed 1 year after the first infusion, was the geometric mean area under the curve (AUC) for the serum C-peptide level during the first 2 hours of a mixed-meal tolerance test. Secondary outcomes included safety and changes in the glycated hemoglobin level and insulin dose. RESULTS: At 1 year, the mean AUC for the level of C peptide was significantly higher in the rituximab group than in the placebo group. The rituximab group also had significantly lower levels of glycated hemoglobin and required less insulin. Between 3 months and 12 months, the rate of decline in C-peptide levels in the rituximab group was significantly less than that in the placebo group. CD19+ B lymphocytes were depleted in patients in the rituximab group, but levels increased to 69% of baseline values at 12 months. More patients in the rituximab group than in the placebo group had adverse events, mostly grade 1 or grade 2, after the first infusion. The reactions appeared to be minimal with subsequent infusions. There was no increase in infections or neutropenia with rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: A four-dose course of rituximab partially preserved beta-cell function over a period of 1 year in patients with type 1 diabetes. The finding that B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes may open a new pathway for exploration in the treatment of patients with this condition. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00279305.)

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa0904452

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Hauser, S. L., Waubant, E., Arnold, D. L., Vollmer, T., Antel, J., Fox, R. J., Bar-Or, A., Panzara, M., Sarkar, N., Agarwal, S., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706383 · Cited by 2,439
Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20
Reff, M., Carner, K., Chambers, K., Chinn, P., Leonard, J., Raab, R., Newman, R., Hanna, N., & Anderson, D. (1994) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v83.2.435.435 · Cited by 1,996
Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
Herold, K. C., Hagopian, W., Auger, J. A., Poumian-Ruiz, E., Taylor, L., Donaldson, D., Gitelman, S. E., Harlan, D. M., Xu, D., Zivin, R. A., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012864 · Cited by 1,222
Self-citation
Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes
Keymeulen, B., Vandemeulebroucke, E., Ziegler, A. G., Mathieu, C., Kaufman, L., Hale, G., Gorus, F., Goldman, M., Walter, M., Candon, S., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043980 · Cited by 1,099
Autoimmune Diseases
Davidson, A., & Diamond, B. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200108023450506 · Cited by 1,069
The efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment: Results of a phase IIB randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging trial
Emery, P., Fleischmann, R., Filipowicz‐Sosnowska, A., Schechtman, J., Szczepanski, L., Kavanaugh, A., Racewicz, A. J., van Vollenhoven, R., Li, N. F., Agarwal, S. K., et al. (2006) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21778 · Cited by 1,061
The Autoimmune Diseases
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-595961-2.x5000-8 · Cited by 963
B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: A phase I/II dose‐escalation trial of rituximab
Looney, R. J., Anolik, J. H., Campbell, D., Felgar, R. E., Young, F. M., Arend, L. J., Sloand, J. A., Rosenblatt, J. D., & Sanz, I. (2004) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.20430 · Cited by 779
Rituximab, an Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody: History and Mechanism of Action
Pescovitz, M. D. (2006) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01288.x · Cited by 626
Self-citation

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Lapointe R, 2003, Cancer Res, 63, 2836

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,000

B cells take the front seat: dysregulated B cell signals orchestrate loss of tolerance and autoantibody production
Jackson, S. W., Kolhatkar, N. S., & Rawlings, D. J. (2015) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.018 · Cited by 59
TGF-β-Induced CD8+CD103+ Regulatory T Cells Show Potent Therapeutic Effect on Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Lupus by Suppressing B Cells
Zhong, H., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Liang, P., Yang, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, J. J., Chen, J., Fu, S., Tang, Y., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00035 · Cited by 59
Intralymphatic Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase With Vitamin D Supplementation in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIb Trial
Ludvigsson, J., Sumnik, Z., Pelikanova, T., Nattero Chavez, L., Lundberg, E., Rica, I., Martínez-Brocca, M. A., Ruiz de Adana, M., Wahlberg, J., Katsarou, A., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-0318 · Cited by 58
Treatment of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients With DiaPep277: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase 3 Trial
Raz, I., Ziegler, A. G., Linn, T., Schernthaner, G., Bonńici, F., Distiller, L. A., Giordano, C. S. D. S., Giorgino, F., de Vries, L., Mauricio, D., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1391 · Cited by 57
Retracted
Abnormal B-Cell and Tfh-Cell Profiles in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Li, R., Tropea, T. F., Baratta, L. R., Zuroff, L. R., Diaz‐Ortiz, M. E., Zhang, B., Shinoda, K., Rezk, A., Alcalay, R. N., Chen‐Plotkin, A. S., et al. (2021) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000001125 · Cited by 60
Effects of B cell–activating factor on tumor immunity
Yarchoan, M. M., Ho, W. J., Mohan, A. A., Shah, Y., Vithayathil, T., Leatherman, J. M., Dennison, L., Zaidi, N., Ganguly, S., Woolman, S., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.136417 · Cited by 56
Autoantigen-Specific B-Cell Depletion Overcomes Failed Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes
Bonami, R. H., Kendall, P. L., & Thomas, J. W. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1746 · Cited by 56
Interleukin‐1 antagonism moderates the inflammatory state associated with Type 1 diabetes during clinical trials conducted at disease onset
Cabrera, S. M., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Jia, S., Kaldunski, M. L., Greenbaum, C. J., the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Canakinumab Study Group, Mandrup-Poulsen, T. R., the AIDA Study Group, & Hessner, M. J. (2015) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201546005 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Targeted biological therapies for Graves’ disease and thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy. Focus on B‐cell depletion with Rituximab
Hegedűs, L. D., Smith, T. J., Douglas, R. S., & Nielsen, C. H. (2010) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03806.x · Cited by 55
An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes
Chaparro, R. J., & DiLorenzo, T. P. (2010) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1586/eci.10.68 · Cited by 58
Tolerant Anti-Insulin B Cells Are Effective APCs
Kendall, P. L., Case, J. B., Sullivan, A. M., Holderness, J., Wells, K., Liu, E., & Thomas, J. W. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202104 · Cited by 55
B cell-directed therapies in type 1 diabetes
Mariño, E., Silveira, P. A., Stolp, J., & Grey, S. T. (2011) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.03.006 · Cited by 56
Combination Treatment With Anti-CD20 and Oral Anti-CD3 Prevents and Reverses Autoimmune Diabetes
Hu, C., Ding, H., Zhang, X., Wong, F. S., & Li, W. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-1175 · Cited by 57
Ladarixin, an inhibitor of the interleukin‐8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 , in new‐onset type 1 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Piemonti, L., Keymeulen, B., Gillard, P., Linn, T., Bosi, E., Rose, L., Pozzilli, P., Giorgino, F., Cossu, E., Daffonchio, L., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14770 · Cited by 53
Beta cell and immune cell interactions in autoimmune type 1 diabetes: How they meet and talk to each other
Scherm, M. G., Wyatt, R. C., Serr, I., Anz, D., Richardson, S. J., & Daniel, C. (2022) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101565 · Cited by 57
Multi-parametric flow cytometric and genetic investigation of the peripheral B cell compartment in human type 1 diabetes
Thompson, W. S., Pękalski, M. Ł., Simons, H. Z., Smyth, D. J., Dopico, X. C., Guo, H., Guy, C., Dunger, D. B., Arif, S., Peakman, M., et al. (2014) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12362 · Cited by 56
Intracellular B Lymphocyte Signalling and the Regulation of Humoral Immunity and Autoimmunity
Taher, T. E. I., Byström, J., Ong, V. H., Isenberg, D. A., Renaudineau, Y., Abraham, D., & Mageed, R. A. (2017) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8609-4 · Cited by 57
Learning from other autoimmunities to understand targeting of B cells to control multiple sclerosis
Baker, D., Pryce, G., Amor, S., Giovannoni, G., & Schmierer, K. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy239 · Cited by 54
Elevations in blood glucose before and after the appearance of islet autoantibodies in children
Warncke, K., Weiß, A., Achenbach, P., Berge, T. V. D., Berner, R., Casteels, K., Groele, L., Hatzikotoulas, K., Hommel, A., Kordonouri, O., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci162123 · Cited by 55
Added value of molecular targeted agents in oncology
Soria, J., Blay, J., Spano, J., Pivot, X. B., Coscas, Y., & Khayat, D. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq675 · Cited by 53
Activation pathways that drive CD4 + T cells to break tolerance in autoimmune diseases*
Krovi, S. H., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13071 · Cited by 56
New and Old Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies for Nephrotic Syndrome. Where We Are?
Basu, B., Angeletti, A., Islam, B., & Ghiggeri, G. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.805697 · Cited by 52
Inflammation‐independent defective early B cell tolerance checkpoints in rheumatoid arthritis
Menard, L. C., Samuels, J., Ng, Y.-S., & Meffre, E. (2010) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.30164 · Cited by 52
Methyldopa blocks MHC class II binding to disease-specific antigens in autoimmune diabetes
Ostrov, D. A., Alkanani, A. K., McDaniel, K. A., Case, S. R., Baschal, E. E., Pyle, L. L., Ellis, S., Pöllinger, B., Seidl, K. J., Shah, V. N., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci97739 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Disease-Modifying Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes: A Look into the Future of Diabetes Practice
Greenbaum, C. J., VanBuecken, D., & Lord, S. M. (2019) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1035-y · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Cell type–specific immune phenotypes predict loss of insulin secretion in new-onset type 1 diabetes
Dufort, M. J., Greenbaum, C. J., Speake, C., & Linsley, P. S. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.125556 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Retinoic acid-producing,ex-vivo-generated human tolerogenic dendritic cells induce the proliferation of immunosuppressive B lymphocytes
Caro, V. D., Phillips, B. E., Engman, C., Harnaha, J., Trucco, M., & Giannoukakis, N. (2013) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12177 · Cited by 51
The problems and promises of research into human immunology and autoimmune disease
Roep, B. O., Buckner, J. H., Sawcer, S. J., Toes, R. E. M., & Zipp, F. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2626 · Cited by 52
PK–PD Modeling of Protein Drugs: Implications in Assay Development
Roskos, L. K., Schneider, A. K., Vainshtein, I., Schwickart, M., Lee, R., Lu, H. L., Faggioni, R., & Liang, M. (2011) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.11.28 · Cited by 51
B lymphocyte alterations accompany abatacept resistance in new-onset type 1 diabetes
Linsley, P. S., Greenbaum, C. J., Speake, C., Long, S. A., & Dufort, M. J. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.126136 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Targeting the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in type 1 diabetes
Bagge, S. L., Fotheringham, A. K., Leung, S. S., & Forbes, J. M. (2020) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21654 · Cited by 54
Presumption of guilt for T cells in type 1 diabetes: lead culprits or partners in crime depending on age of onset?
Carré, A., Richardson, S. J., Larger, É., & Mallone, R. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05298-y · Cited by 53
Islet autoantibodies as precision diagnostic tools to characterize heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Felton, J. L., REDONDO, M. J., Oram, R. A., Speake, C., Long, S. A., Önengüt-Gümüşcü, S., Rich, S. S., Monaco, G. S. F., Harris-Kawano, A., Perez, D., et al. (2024) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-024-00478-y · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Role of B Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes
Hinman, R., & Cambier, J. (2014) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-014-0543-8 · Cited by 51
The case for an autoimmune aetiology of type 1 diabetes
Mannering, S. I., Pathiraja, V., & Kay, T. W. H. (2015) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12699 · Cited by 51
Autoantibody-Negative Type 1 Diabetes: A Neglected Subtype
Patel, S., Ma, C. S., Fourlanos, S., & Greenfield, J. R. (2021) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2021.02.001 · Cited by 49
Rituximab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Minakaran, N., & Ezra, D. G. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009226.pub2 · Cited by 49
Involvement of Suppressive B-Lymphocytes in the Mechanism of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice
Caro, V. D., Phillips, B. E., Engman, C., Harnaha, J., Trucco, M., & Giannoukakis, N. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083575 · Cited by 48
Essential role for B cells in transplantation tolerance
Redfield, R. R., Rodrı́guez, E., Parsons, R. F., Vivek, K., Mustafa, M. M., Noorchashm, H., & Naji, A. (2011) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.07.011 · Cited by 48
Biomarkers of β-Cell Stress and Death in Type 1 Diabetes
Mirmira, R. G., Sims, E. K., Syed, F., & Evans‐Molina, C. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0783-x · Cited by 50
Allogenic Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A 3-Month Follow-Up Pilot Study
Araújo, D. B., Dantas, J. R., Silva, K. R., Souto, D. L., Pereira, M. D. F. C., Moreira, J. P. D. L., Luiz, R. R., Cláudio-da-Silva, C. S., Gabbay, M. A. L., Dib, S. A., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00993 · Cited by 49
B lymphocyte proliferation is suppressed by the opioid growth factor–opioid growth factor receptor axis: Implication for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Zagon, I. S., Donahue, R. N., Bonneau, R. H., & McLaughlin, P. J. (2010) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2010.06.001 · Cited by 48
Biomarkers and immune-modulating therapies for Type 2 diabetes
Brooks‐Worrell, B., Narla, R. R., & Palmer, J. P. (2012) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.07.002 · Cited by 48
Recurrence of autoimmunity in pancreas transplant patients: research update
Pugliese, A., Reijonen, H., Nepom, J., & Burke, G. W. (2011) · Diabetes Management · doi:10.2217/dmt.10.21 · Cited by 48
Immune intervention in type 1 diabetes
Michels, A. W., & Eisenbarth, G. S. (2011) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.07.003 · Cited by 47
Lessons from the mouse: potential contribution of bystander lymphocyte activation by viruses to human type 1 diabetes
Neil, J. A., & Coulson, B. S. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3562-3 · Cited by 50
Mixed Chimerism and Growth Factors Augment β Cell Regeneration and Reverse Late-Stage Type 1 Diabetes
Wang, M., Racine, J. J., Song, X., Li, X., Nair, I., Liu, H., Avakian-Mansoorian, A., Johnston, H. F., Liu, C., Shen, C. P., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003835 · Cited by 46
T-Cell–Specific PTPN2 Deficiency in NOD Mice Accelerates the Development of Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Comorbidities
Wiede, F., Brodnicki, T. C., Goh, P. K., Leong, Y. A., Jones, G. W., Yu, D., Baxter, A. G., Jones, S. A., Kay, T. W. H., & Tiganis, T. (2019) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-1362 · Cited by 46
Immune regulators of inflammation in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
Strissel, K. J., Denis, G. V., & Nikolajczyk, B. S. (2014) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000085 · Cited by 43
What is the role of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes? A clinical perspective
Donath, M. Y., Hess, C., & Palmer, E. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-3153-0 · Cited by 44
The Application of the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Risk Score for Identifying a Preclinical State of Type 1 Diabetes
Sosenko, J. M., Skyler, J. S., Mahon, J., Krischer, J. P., Beam, C. A., Boulware, D. C., Greenbaum, C. J., Rafkin, L. E., Cowie, C., Cuthbertson, D., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0011 · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Anti-CD79 Antibody Induces B Cell Anergy That Protects against Autoimmunity
Hardy, I. R., Anceriz, N., Rousseau, F., Seefeldt, M. B., Hatterer, E., Irla, M., Buatois, V., Chatel, L., Getahun, A., Fletcher, A., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302672 · Cited by 43
An All-in-One Nanomedicine Consisting of CRISPR-Cas9 and an Autoantigen Peptide for Restoring Specific Immune Tolerance
Luo, Y., Liang, L., Gan, Y.-J., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Fan, Y.-N., Zhao, G., Czarna, A., Lu, Z.-D., Du, X., et al. (2020) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c10885 · Cited by 46
Sample Size Requirements for Studies of Treatment Effects on Beta-Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
Lachin, J. M., McGee, P. L., Greenbaum, C. J., Palmer, J. P., Pescovitz, M. D., Gottlieb, P. A., Skyler, J. S., & Type 1 Diabetes Trial Network (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026471 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Through the Fog: Recent Clinical Trials to Preserve β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes
Greenbaum, C. J., Schatz, D., Haller, M. J., & Sanda, S. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1452 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
Tolerogenic dendritic cells impede priming of naïve CD 8+ T cells and deplete memory CD 8+ T cells
Kleijwegt, F. S., Jansen, D. T. S. L., Teeler, J., Joosten, A. M., Laban, S., Nikolić, T., & Roep, B. O. (2012) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201242879 · Cited by 43
Encephalitis Associated With Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies in a Child
Korff, C. M. (2011) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.177 · Cited by 43
Trials in type 1 diabetes: Antigen-specific therapies
Coppieters, K. T., Harrison, L. C., & von Herrath, M. G. (2013) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2013.02.002 · Cited by 43
Translational Mini-Review Series on B cell subsets in disease. B cells in multiple sclerosis: drivers of disease pathogenesis and Trojan horse for Epstein–Barr virus entry to the central nervous system?
Meier, U., Giovannoni, G., Tzartos, J. S., & Khan, G. (2011) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04446.x · Cited by 42
Residual C-peptide in type 1 diabetes: what do we really know?
VanBuecken, D., & Greenbaum, C. J. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12135 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
Anti-IL-21 monoclonal antibody combined with liraglutide effectively reverses established hyperglycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes
Rydén, A. K., Perdue, N., Pagni, P. P., Gibson, C. B., Ratliff, S. S., Kirk, R. K., Friesen, T. J., Haase, C., Coppieters, K. T., von Herrath, M. G., et al. (2017) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.006 · Cited by 44
Anti-Insulin B Cells Are Poised for Antigen Presentation in Type 1 Diabetes
Felton, J. L., Maseda, D., Bonami, R. H., Hulbert, C., & Thomas, J. W. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701717 · Cited by 43
GAD-treatment of children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes preserves residual insulin secretion after 30 months
Ludvigsson, J., Chéramy, M., Axelsson, S., Pihl, M., Åkerman, L., Casas, R., & for the clinical GAD‐study group in Sweden (2014) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2503 · Cited by 42
Combination immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes
Bone, R. N., & Evans-Molina, C. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0878-z · Cited by 41
The future of type 1 diabetes therapy
Ziegler, A.-G., Cengiz, E., & Kay, T. W. H. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01438-2 · Cited by 42
The odd couple: A fresh look at autoimmunity and immunodeficiency
Mackay, I. R., Leskovsek, N. V., & Rose, N. R. (2010) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.008 · Cited by 42
B Cell Deficient Mice Are Protected from Biliary Obstruction in the Rotavirus-Induced Mouse Model of Biliary Atresia
Feldman, A. G., Tucker, R. M., Fenner, E. K., Pelanda, R., & Mack, C. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073644 · Cited by 42
Combination therapy for preservation of beta cell function in Type 1 diabetes: New attitudes and strategies are needed!
Ludvigsson, J. (2014) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.02.006 · Cited by 42
Immunology of β-Cell Destruction
Torre, D. L., & Lernmark, Å. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_24 · Cited by 43
In Vitro Effects of Rituximab on the Proliferation, Activation and Differentiation of Human B Cells
Kamburova, E. G., Koenen, H. J. P. M., Boon, L., Hilbrands, L. B., & Joosten, I. (2011) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03833.x · Cited by 45
Stem cell therapy emerging as the key player in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus
Vanikar, A. V., Trivedi, H. L., & Thakkar, U. G. (2016) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.006 · Cited by 44
The elusive role of B lymphocytes and islet autoantibodies in (human) type 1 diabetes
Bloem, S. J., & Roep, B. O. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4284-5 · Cited by 42
Optimized nanoparticle-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 system for B cell intervention
Li, M., Fan, Y.-N., Chen, Z., Luo, Y., Wang, Y., Lian, Z., Xu, C., & Wang, J. (2018) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-018-2150-5 · Cited by 43
Immune Mechanisms and Pathways Targeted in Type 1 Diabetes
Jacobsen, L. M., Newby, B. N., Perry, D. J., Posgai, A. L., Haller, M. J., & Brusko, T. M. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1066-5 · Cited by 42
Immune Checkpoint Molecules, Personalized Immunotherapy, and Autoimmune Diabetes
Orabona, C., Mondanelli, G., Puccetti, P., & Grohmann, U. (2018) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.005 · Cited by 42
Advances in immunotherapy of type I diabetes
Ni, Q., Pham, N. B., Meng, W. S., Zhu, G., & Chen, X. S. (2018) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.003 · Cited by 42
Towards antigen-specific Tregs for type 1 diabetes: Construction and functional assessment of pancreatic endocrine marker, HPi2-based chimeric antigen receptor
Radichev, I., Yoon, J., Scott, D. W., Griffin, K., & Savinov, A. Y. (2020) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104224 · Cited by 42
Modeling human T1D-associated autoimmune processes
Maharlooei, M. K., Madley, R., Borsotti, C., Ferreira, L. M. R., Sharp, R. C., Brehm, M. A., Greiner, D. L., Parent, A. V., Anderson, M. S., Sykes, M., et al. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101417 · Cited by 42
Altered Tim-1 and IL-10 Expression in Regulatory B Cell Subsets in Type 1 Diabetes
Liu, Y., Chen, Z., Qiu, J., Chen, H., & Zhou, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.773896 · Cited by 42
Neutropenia associated with rituximab therapy
Grant, C. M., Wilson, W. H., & Dunleavy, K. M. (2010) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e3283414edf · Cited by 42
B cells and type 1 diabetes …in mice and men
Hinman, R. M., Smith, M. J., & Cambier, J. C. (2014) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.010 · Cited by 41
New and future immunomodulatory therapy in type 1 diabetes
Tooley, J., Waldron-Lynch, F., & Herold, K. C. (2012) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.01.001 · Cited by 44
A historical view from thirty eventful years of immunotherapy in autoimmune diabetes
Bach, J.-F., & Chatenoud, L. (2011) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.07.009 · Cited by 41
Cell-based interventions to halt autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Tabarrozzi, A. E. B., Castro, C. N., Dewey, R. A., Sogayar, M. C., Labriola, L., & Perone, M. J. (2012) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12019 · Cited by 41
B1 Cells Promote Pancreas Infiltration by Autoreactive T Cells
Ryan, G. A., Wang, C. J., Chamberlain, J. L., Attridge, K., Schmidt, E. M., Kenefeck, R., Clough, L. E., Dunussi‐Joannopoulos, K., Toellner, K., & Walker, L. S. K. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000856 · Cited by 41
Influence of PTPN22 Allotypes on Innate and Adaptive Immune Function in Health and Disease
Armitage, L. H., Wallet, M. A., & Mathews, C. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.636618 · Cited by 46
Adrenal Steroidogenesis after B Lymphocyte Depletion Therapy in New-Onset Addison's Disease
Pearce, S. H. S., Mitchell, A. L., Bennett, S., King, P., Chandran, S., Nag, S., Chen, S., Smith, B. R., Isaacs, J. D., & Vaidya, B. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1680 · Cited by 41
Effects of combination therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and histone deacetylase inhibitors in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes
Cabrera, S. M., Colvin, S. C., Tersey, S. A., Maier, B., Nadler, J. L., & Mirmira, R. G. (2013) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12068 · Cited by 41
Regulation of CD8 T cell by B-cells: A narrative review
Meerhaeghe, T. V., Néel, A., Brouard, S., & Degauque, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125605 · Cited by 42
Teplizumab in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review
Thakkar, S., Chopra, A., Nagendra, L., Kalra, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2023) · touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2023.19.2.7 · Cited by 49
Modulation of Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis – Common Targets and Promising Translational Approaches Against Disease –
Ketelhuth, D. F. J., & Hansson, G. K. (2015) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-15-0167 · Cited by 39
Immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes
Frumento, D., Nasr, M. B., Essawy, B. E., D’Addio, F., Zuccotti, G., & Fiorina, P. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0641-y · Cited by 39
Type 1 Diabetes: A Guide to Autoimmune Mechanisms for Clinicians
Mauvais, F., & Endert, P. V. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16460 · Cited by 43
A Preclinical Consortium Approach for Assessing the Efficacy of Combined Anti-CD3 Plus IL-1 Blockade in Reversing New-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice
Gill, R. G., Pagni, P. P., Kupfer, T., Wasserfall, C. H., Deng, S., Posgai, A. L., Manenkova, Y., Hani, A. B., Straub, L., Bernstein, P., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0492 · Cited by 41
Nano and Microparticle Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes
Kwiatkowski, A. J., Stewart, J. M., Cho, J. J., Avram, D., & Keselowsky, B. G. (2020) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202000164 · Cited by 43
CyTOF-Enabled Analysis Identifies Class-Switched B Cells as the Main Lymphocyte Subset Associated With Disease Relapse in Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Fribourg, M., Cioni, M., Ghiggeri, G. M., Cantarelli, C., Leventhal, J. S., Budge, K., Bin, S., Riella, L. V., Colucci, M., Vivarelli, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.726428 · Cited by 38
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Eisenbarth, G. S., & Buse, J. B. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0324-5.00032-8 · Cited by 39
Screening and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Where Are We?
Simmons, K. M., & Sims, E. K. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad328 · Cited by 41
Genetic and Small Molecule Disruption of the AID/RAD51 Axis Similarly Protects Nonobese Diabetic Mice from Type 1 Diabetes through Expansion of Regulatory B Lymphocytes
Ratiu, J. J., Racine, J. J., Hasham, M. G., Wang, Q., Branca, J. A., Chapman, H. D., Zhu, J., Donghia, N. M., Philip, V. M., Schott, W. H., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700024 · Cited by 36
Targeting Cellular Calcium Homeostasis to Prevent Cytokine-Mediated Beta Cell Death
Clark, A. L., Kanekura, K., Lavagnino, Z., Spears, L. D., Abreu, D., Mahadevan, J., Yagi, T., Semenkovich, C. F., Piston, D. W., & Urano, F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05935-4 · Cited by 38

Authors: Pescovitz, M. D., Greenbaum, C. J., Krause-Steinrauf, H., Becker, D. J., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., Gottlieb, P. A., Marks, J. B., McGee, P. F., Moran, A. M., Raskin, P., Rodriguez, H., Schatz, D. A., Wherrett, D., Wilson, D. M., Lachin, J. M., & Skyler, J. S.
Affiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
Benaroya Research Institute (US)
George Washington University (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Columbia University (US)
University of Colorado Health (US)
University of Miami (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
University of Florida (US)
University of Toronto (CA)
Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Greenbaum, Carla J.
Krause-Steinrauf, Heidi
Gitelman, Stephen E.
Gottlieb, Peter A.
Marks, Jennifer B.
Moran, Antoinette M.
Rodriguez, Henry
Schatz, Desmond A.
Wherrett, Diane
Wilson, Darrell M.
Lachin, John M.
Skyler, Jay S.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2009-11-26
Volume: 361
Issue: 22
Pages: 2143-2152
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0904452
PMC: PMC6410357
OpenAlex: W2064431167
Cited by: 1,093
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 89
FWCI: 51.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
PMC
Funders: American Diabetes Association
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
Eli Lilly and Company
Biogen
Osiris Therapeutics
MacroGenics
National Institutes of Health
Genentech
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK077329, U01DK061058, U01DK061034, U01DK103282)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: rituximab, B-cell depletion, type 1 diabetes, beta-cell preservation, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, C-peptide, CD19+ B cells, immunopathogenesis, newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, HbA1c, insulin dose
MeSH terms: Rituximab, Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, B-Lymphocytes, C-Peptide, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Double-Blind Method, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Immunoglobulin M, Immunologic Factors, Male, Area Under Curve, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Young Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Rituximab, B-Lymphocyte Depletion, and Preservation of Beta-Cell Function

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks