Cited by 879Gut microbiota and healthAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Diet, metabolites, and “western-lifestyle” inflammatory diseases

Open access
Thorburn, Alison N., Macia, Laurence, Mackay, Charles R.·2014·Immunity

Abstract

One explanation for the increased incidence of allergies, asthma, and even some autoimmune diseases has been the hygiene hypothesis. However, recent studies also highlight an important role for diet and bacterial metabolites in controlling various immune pathways, including gut and immune homeostasis, regulatory T cell biology, and inflammation. Dietary-related metabolites engage "metabolite-sensing" G-protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A, GPR120, and GPR35. These receptors are expressed on immune cells and some gut epithelial cells and generally mediate a direct anti-inflammatory effect. Insufficient intake of "healthy foodstuffs" adversely affects the production of bacterial metabolites. These metabolites and those derived directly from food drive beneficial downstream effects on immune pathways. We propose that insufficient exposure to dietary and bacterial metabolites might underlie the development of inflammatory disorders in Western countries. This review highlights what is currently known about diet, metabolites, and their associated immune pathways in relation to the development of inflammatory disease.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.014

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  • Gut microbial production of short-chain fatty acids from dietary fiber can suppress the development of several inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases in experimental animal data.

    “Accumulating experimental animal data indicate that gut microbial production of these short-chain fatty acids from dietary fiber can suppress the development of several inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic disease (92).”
  • Some of the beneficial effects of microbiome-derived metabolites are thought to be mediated by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors expressed on enteroendocrine and immune cells.

    “Some of the beneficial effects of these microbiome-derived metabolites are thought to be mediated by the binding to specific G-protein–coupled receptors expressed on enteroendocrine and immune cells (92).”
  • Multigenerational exposure to a Western diet poor in 'microbiota-accessible carbohydrates' results in the extinction of specific bacterial lineages.

    “In contrast, multigenerational exposure to a Western diet poor in “microbiota-accessible carbohydrates” result in the extinction of specific bacterial lineages, which might negatively influence the maturation and function of the immune system, and increase the risk of developing a range of metabolic, inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases (92,94,98).”

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Authors
Thorburn, A. N., Macia, L., & Mackay, C. R.
Affiliations
Monash University (AU)
Corresponding author
Mackay, Charles R.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-06
Volume
40
Issue
6
Pages
833-842
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2008993230
Cited by
879
References
103
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
FWCI
7.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Australian Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
diet, bacterial metabolites, Western lifestyle, inflammatory diseases, hygiene hypothesis, G protein-coupled receptors, GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A, GPR120, GPR35, gut immune homeostasis, regulatory T cells, anti-inflammatory signaling, dietary metabolites, allergy, asthma, autoimmune disease
MeSH terms
Autoimmune Diseases, Bacterial Proteins, Diet, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Inflammation, Life Style, Gastrointestinal Tract, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Metabolome, Microbiota

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