Pharmacologic Treatment of Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
Amphetamines and methylphenidate and, less often, nonstimulants (atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine) are used to treat ADHD. Inattentiveness and restlessness are improved more than quality-of-life measures in short-term trials.
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Pharmacologic treatment of ADHD is based on stimulants (amphetamines such as LDX, and MPH) and nonstimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine, bupropion, modafinil).
“Pharmacologic treatment is based on stimulants [amphetamines, such as the prodrug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), and methylphenidate (MPH)] and nonstimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine, bupropion, modafinil) [17].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Stimulants are generally used as first-line pharmacologic treatment owing to higher efficacy in symptomatology reduction compared to nonstimulant medications in all age groups.
“Stimulants have generally been used as first-line pharmacologic treatment owing to a higher efficacy in symptomatology reduction compared to nonstimulant medications in all groups of age (children, adolescents and adults) [17, 33, 34].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Cortese, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cortese, Samuele
- ORCID
- Cortese, Samuele
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-09-10
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1050-1056
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3084409057
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 7.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, pharmacotherapy, amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, clonidine, guanfacine, stimulants, non-stimulant medication, inattention, restlessness, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Adolescent, Adult, Amphetamines, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Growth, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Methylphenidate, Patient Dropouts, Polymers, Guanfacine, Treatment Outcome, Practice Guidelines as Topic
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