The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Murine retroviruses activate B cells via interaction with toll-like receptor 4
Open accessAbstract
Although most retroviruses require activated cells as their targets for infection, it is not known how this is achieved in vivo. A candidate protein for the activation of B cells by either mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) or murine leukemia virus is the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a component of the innate immune system. MMTV caused B cell activation in C3H/HeN mice but not in C3H/HeJ or BALB/c (C.C3H Tlr4lps-d) congenic mice, both of which have a mutant TLR4 gene. This activation was independent of viral gene expression, because it occurred after treatment of MMTV with ultraviolet light or 2,2′-dithiodipyridine and in azidothymidine-treated mice. Nuclear extracts prepared from the lymphocytes of MMTV-injected C3H/HeN but not C3H/HeJ mice showed increased nuclear factor κB activity. Additionally, the MMTV- and Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope proteins coimmunoprecipitated with TLR4 when expressed in 293T cells. The MMTV receptor failed to coimmunoprecipitate with TLR4, suggesting that MMTV/TLR4 interaction is independent of virus attachment and fusion. These results identify retroviral proteins that interact with a mammalian toll receptor and show that direct activation by such viruses may initiate in vivo infection pathways.
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LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway
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Innate Immune Pattern Recognition: A Cell Biological Perspective
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Prophylactic and therapeutic implications of toll-like receptor ligands
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rassa, J. C., Meyers, J. L., Zhang, Y., Kudaravalli, R., & Ross, S. R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2002-02-19
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2281-2286
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1995866508
- Cited by
- 399
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 10.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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