Late Archean rise of aerobic microbial ecosystems
Open accessAbstract
We report the 13 C content of preserved organic carbon for a 150 million-year section of late Archean shallow and deepwater sediments of the Hamersley Province in Western Australia. We find a 13 C enrichment of ≈10‰ in organic carbon of post-2.7-billion-year-old shallow-water carbonate rocks relative to deepwater sediments. The shallow-water organic-carbon 13 C content has a 29‰ range in values (−57 to −28‰), and it contrasts with the less variable but strongly 13 C-depleted (−40 to −45‰) organic carbon in deepwater sediments. The 13 C enrichment likely represents microbial habitats not as strongly influenced by assimilation of methane or other 13 C-depleted substrates. We propose that continued oxidation of shallow settings favored the expansion of aerobic ecosystems and respiring organisms, and, as a result, isotopic signatures of preserved organic carbon in shallow settings approached that of photosynthetic biomass. Facies analysis of published carbon-isotopic records indicates that the Hamersley shallow-water signal may be representative of a late Archean global signature and that it preceded a similar, but delayed, 13 C enrichment of deepwater deposits. The data suggest that a global-scale expansion of oxygenated habitats accompanied the progression away from anaerobic ecosystems toward respiring microbial communities fueled by oxygenic photosynthesis before the oxygenation of the atmosphere after 2.45 billion years ago.
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Bulk organic carbon in the studied rocks is anomalously depleted in 13C, with δ13C values between -32‰ and -50‰.
“Consistent with earlier work (1,10,39,40), the bulk organic carbon was found to be anomalously 13 C-depleted, with δ 13 C values ranging from -32‰ to -50‰ (Fig. 2 and SI Appendix, Table S5).”
From Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
The HyPy hydrocarbon δ13C values reported here are the first compound-specific isotopic measurements in agreement with strongly 13C-depleted kerogens (bulk δ13C < -39‰) of the Neoarchean.
“The HyPy hydrocarbon δ 13 C values reported here are, to our knowledge, the first compound-specific isotopic measurements that are in agreement with the strongly 13 C-depleted kerogens (δ 13 C bulk < -39‰) of the Neoarchean (1,10,39,40).”
From Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
Oxygenic photosynthesis at 2.72 to 2.59 Ga has been inferred from the presence of extremely isotopically depleted kerogen within carbonates and shales in the Hamersley Province of Western Australia, the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa, and the Superior Craton in Canada.
“Oxygenic photosynthesis at 2.72 to 2.59 Ga has been inferred from the presence of extremely isotopically depleted kerogen within carbonates and shales in the Hamersley Province of Western Australia, the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa, and the Superior Craton in Canada.”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Eigenbrode and Freeman, 2006
Highly negative δ13C values in the organic carbon fraction of Neoarchaean sediments most likely represent microbial habitats influenced by the assimilation of methane, i.e., methanotrophy.
“highly negative δ 13 C values in the organic carbon fraction, a feature of the Neoarchaean that has been known for some time, most likely representing microbial habitats influenced by the assimilation of methane, i.e., methanotrophy”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Eigenbrode and Freeman, 2006
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- Authors
- Eigenbrode, J. L., & Freeman, K. H.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-10-24
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 43
- Pages
- 15759-15764
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1635076
- OpenAlex
- W2052989634
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 9.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- Late Archean, organic carbon isotopes, carbon-13 enrichment, Hamersley Province, shallow-water sediments, deep-water sediments, atmospheric oxygenation, oxygenic photosynthesis, microbial habitats, paleo-oxygenation
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Aerobic, Carbon, Oxidation-Reduction, Time Factors, Ecosystem
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