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Identification of intracellular carriers for the endocannabinoid anandamide

Kaczocha, Martin, Glaser, Sherrye T., Deutsch, Dale G.·2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.0901515106
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Abstract

The endocannabinoid anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide, AEA) is an uncharged neuromodulatory lipid that, similar to many neurotransmitters, is inactivated through its cellular uptake and subsequent catabolism. AEA is hydrolyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme localized on the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast to most neuromodulators, the hydrophilic cytosol poses a diffusional barrier for the efficient delivery of AEA to its site of catabolism. Therefore, AEA likely traverses the cytosol with the assistance of an intracellular carrier that increases its solubility and rate of diffusion. To study this process, AEA uptake and hydrolysis were examined in COS-7 cells expressing FAAH restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or the Golgi apparatus. AEA hydrolysis was detectable at the earliest measurable time point (3 seconds), suggesting that COS-7 cells, normally devoid of an endocannabinoid system, possess an efficient cytosolic trafficking mechanism for AEA. Three fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) known to be expressed in brain were examined as possible intracellular AEA carriers. AEA uptake and hydrolysis were significantly potentiated in N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells after overexpression of FABP5 or FABP7, but not FABP3. Similar results were observed in COS-7 cells stably expressing FAAH. Consistent with the roles of FABP as AEA carriers, administration of the competitive FABP ligand oleic acid or the selective non-lipid FABP inhibitor BMS309403 attenuated AEA uptake and hydrolysis by ≈50% in N18TG2 and COS-7 cells. Taken together, FABPs represent the first proteins known to transport AEA from the plasma membrane to FAAH for inactivation and may therefore be novel pharmacological targets.

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Metadata

Authors
Kaczocha, M., Glaser, S. T., & Deutsch, D. G.
Affiliations
  • Departments of aBiochemistry and Cell Biology and
  • Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2009-04-14
Volume
106
Issue
15
Pages
6375-6380
ISSN
  • 0027-8424
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.0901515106
Cited by
326
References
4
Language
en

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