The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Low early-life social class leaves a biological residue manifested by decreased glucocorticoid and increased proinflammatory signaling
Open accessAbstract
Children reared in unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances show increased susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging when they reach the fifth and sixth decades of life. One mechanistic hypothesis for this phenomenon suggests that social adversity in early life programs biological systems in a manner that persists across decades and thereby accentuates vulnerability to disease. Here we examine the basic tenets of this hypothesis by performing genome-wide transcriptional profiling in healthy adults who were either low or high in socioeconomic status (SES) in early life. Among subjects with low early-life SES, there was significant up-regulation of genes bearing response elements for the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors that conveys adrenergic signals to leukocytes, and significant down-regulation of genes with response elements for the glucocorticoid receptor, which regulates the secretion of cortisol and transduces its antiinflammatory actions in the immune system. Subjects from low-SES backgrounds also showed increased output of cortisol in daily life, heightened expression of transcripts bearing response elements for NF-κB, and greater stimulated production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6. These disparities were independent of subjects' current SES, lifestyle practices, and perceived stress. Collectively, these data suggest that low early-life SES programs a defensive phenotype characterized by resistance to glucocorticoid signaling, which in turn facilitates exaggerated adrenocortical and inflammatory responses. Although these response patterns could serve adaptive functions during acute threats to well-being, over the long term they might exact an allostatic toll on the body that ultimately contributes to the chronic diseases of aging.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The result is continuous transcription and release of proinflammatory cytokines, while repressing transcription factors associated with interferon responses and antiviral action (Cole, 2019; Miller et al., 2008; Miller et al., 2009).”
From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Previous research in this area has focused on maltreatment, but other kinds of childhood adversity, such as low socioeconomic status (SES), have been linked to low-grade inflammation in adulthood (18–20), as well as mental and physical health problems across the lifespan (21).”
From Clustering of depression and inflammation in adolescents previously exposed to childhood adversity (2012) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“In support of this, elevated proinflammatory cytokine has been reported in the cerebrospinal fluid of clinically depressed patients (Levine et al, 1999;Miller et al, 2009).”
From Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the GR-insensitive monocytes were primed to immune activation, as they produced elevated IL-6 following immune stimulation ex vivo (Miller et al, 2009).”
From Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al, 2009
In the citing paper
“For example, circulating monocytes from healthy adult subjects (25-40 years old) raised in unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances had decreased transcriptional activity of GR and increased transcriptional activity of NF-κB.”
From Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al, 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807
Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 1×
“Much like fight-or-f light, this pattern of exaggerated responding could serve adaptive functions in the context of acute threats to well-being, but if activated chronically may exact an allostatic toll on the body that ultimately contributes to the chronic diseases of aging (22, 23).”
BackgroundEffect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and Disease
Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., & Thornburg, K. L. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0708473 · Cited by 3,898
Psychological Stress and Disease
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1685 · Cited by 3,168
Self-citationMeaney, M. J. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1161 · Cited by 2,708
Heim, C. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.5.592 · Cited by 1,968
Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study
Danese, A., Pariante, C. M., Caspi, A., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610362104 · Cited by 1,264
Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2005) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2005.7.2/mmeaney · Cited by 958
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 42 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- The National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, UK, 2005).
- RG Miller Beyond ANOVA (Wiley, New York, 1986).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 823
The social brain meets the reactive genome: neuroscience, epigenetics and the new social biology
Meloni, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00309 · Cited by 169
Life-course socioeconomic status and DNA methylation of genes regulating inflammation
Stringhini, S., Polidoro, S., Sacerdote, C., Kelly, R. S., van Veldhoven, K., Agnoli, C., Grioni, S., Tumino, R., Giurdanella, M. C., Panico, S., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv060 · Cited by 163
Veenema, A. H. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.002 · Cited by 172
Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions
Slavich, G. M., Roos, L. G., Mengelkoch, S., Webb, C. A., Shattuck, E. C., Moriarity, D. P., & Alley, J. C. (2023) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2023.2171900 · Cited by 193
Martin, S. R., Côté, S., & Woodruff, T. (2016) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0680 · Cited by 155
Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: differential risk factors in development?
Shanahan, L., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711000675 · Cited by 148
DNA methylation, early life environment, and health outcomes
Mitchell, C., Schneper, L. M., & Notterman, D. A. (2016) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2015.193 · Cited by 146
Baumeister, D., Russell, A., Pariante, C. M., & Mondelli, V. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0887-z · Cited by 142
Red fox genome assembly identifies genomic regions associated with tame and aggressive behaviours
Kukekova, A. V., Johnson, J. L., Xiang, X., Feng, S., Liu, S., Rando, H. M., Kharlamova, A. V., Herbeck, Y., Serdyukova, N. A., Xiong, Z., et al. (2018) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0611-6 · Cited by 145
Peer Relations and Developmental Psychopathology
Prinstein, M. J., & Giletta, M. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy112 · Cited by 150
The Biological Residue of Childhood Poverty
Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2013) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12021 · Cited by 149
Self-citationObradović, J. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000053 · Cited by 153
Bick, J., Naumova, O., Hunter, S., Barbot, B., Lee, M., Luthar, S. S., Raefski, A., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000806 · Cited by 140
Rohleder, N. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.015 · Cited by 136
Jarcho, M. R., Slavich, G. M., Tylova-Stein, H., Wolkowitz, O. M., & Burke, H. M. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.018 · Cited by 134
Epigenetics and Understanding the Impact of Social Determinants of Health
Notterman, D. A., & Mitchell, C. M. (2015) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2015.05.012 · Cited by 136
The Biosocial Approach to Human Development, Behavior, and Health Across the Life Course
Harris, K. M., & McDade, T. W. (2018) · RSF The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences · doi:10.7758/rsf.2018.4.4.01 · Cited by 152
Olvera Alvarez, H. A., Kubzansky, L. D., Campen, M. J., & Slavich, G. M. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002 · Cited by 133
“The persistence of a phenotype into adulthood is also plausible as increased inflammatory activity can sustain and further exacerbate the impaired function of the glucocorticoid receptor (Miller et al., 2009; Pace et al., 2007; Zunszain et al., 2011).”
InfluentialAntoni, M. H., Moreno, P. I., & Penedo, F. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-030122-124119 · Cited by 132
DNA Methylation, Behavior and Early Life Adversity
Szyf, M. (2013) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2013.06.004 · Cited by 147
Early Adversity, Socioemotional Development, and Stress in Urban 1-Year-Old Children
Palmer, F. B. S. C., Anand, K. J. S., Graff, J. C., Murphy, L. E., Qu, Y., Völgyi, E., Rovnaghi, C. R., Moore, A. M., Tran, Q. T., & Tylavsky, F. A. (2013) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.08.030 · Cited by 146
Dempster, K. S., O’Leary, D. D., MacNeil, A. J., Hodges, G. J., & Wade, T. J. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.018 · Cited by 138
Experienced discrimination and racial differences in leukocyte gene expression
Thames, A. D., Irwin, M. R., Breen, E. C., & Cole, S. W. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.016 · Cited by 125
Self-citationElevating the perspective on human stress genomics
Cole, S. W. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.06.008 · Cited by 123
Self-citationDepression pathogenesis and treatment: what can we learn from blood mRNA expression?
Hepgul, N., Cattaneo, A., Zunszain, P. A., & Pariante, C. M. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-28 · Cited by 127
Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, R., Hao, T., Cao, J., Huang, H., Wang, L., & Wu, Y. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0782-5 · Cited by 128
Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach
Cheng, T. L., Johnson, S. B., & Goodman, E. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2467 · Cited by 124
Neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent stress reactivity
Hackman, D. A., Betancourt, L. M., Brodsky, N. L., Hurt, H., & Farah, M. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00277 · Cited by 124
The genetic architecture of gene expression levels in wild baboons
Tung, J., Zhou, X., Alberts, S. C., Stephens, M., & Gilad, Y. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04729 · Cited by 127
Schmitz, L., Zhao, W., Ratliff, S. M., Goodwin, J., Miao, J., Lu, Q., Guo, X., Taylor, K. D., Ding, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2021) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2021.1939479 · Cited by 114
Chiang, J. J., Lam, P. H., Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2022) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000351 · Cited by 141
Self-citationBush, N. R., Edgar, R. D., Park, M., MacIsaac, J. L., McEwen, L. M., Adler, N. E., Essex, M. J., Kobor, M. S., & Boyce, W. T. (2018) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2018-0042 · Cited by 120
Self-citationRole of mother's genes and environment in postpartum depression
Mitchell, C. M., Notterman, D. A., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., Hobcraft, J., Garfinkel, I., Jaeger, K., Kotenko, I., & McLanahan, S. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014129108 · Cited by 116
An overview of cancer health disparities: new approaches and insights and why they matter
Minas, T. Z., Bailey‐Whyte, M., Ajao, A., & Ambs, S. (2020) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgaa121 · Cited by 119
Corwin, E. J., PAJER, K. A., Paul, S., Lowe, N. K., Weber, M., & McCarthy, D. O. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.012 · Cited by 112
The Long-Term Impact of Early Adversity on Late-Life Psychiatric Disorders
Gershon, A., Sudheimer, K. D., Tirouvanziam, R. M., Williams, L. M., & O'Hara, R. M. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0352-9 · Cited by 118
Childhood and later life stressors and increased inflammatory gene expression at older ages
Levine, M. E., Cole, S. W., Weir, D. R., & Crimmins, E. M. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.030 · Cited by 106
Self-citationHygiene and other early childhood influences on the subsequent function of the immune system
Rook, G. A. W., Lowry, C. A., & Raison, C. L. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.004 · Cited by 109
Neuroimmune and neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression: two sides of the same coin
Horowitz, M. A., & Zunszain, P. A. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12781 · Cited by 119
Lovallo, W. R., Farag, N. H., Sorocco, K. H., Acheson, A., Cohoon, A. J., & Vincent, A. S. (2012) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12016 · Cited by 116
Early-Life Stress and Adult Inflammation
Fagundes, C. P., & Way, B. M. (2014) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414535603 · Cited by 113
Individual vulnerability to addiction
Swendsen, J. D., & Moal, M. L. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05894.x · Cited by 106
Lea, A. J., Tung, J., Archie, E. A., & Alberts, S. C. (2017) · Evolution Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1093/emph/eox019 · Cited by 120
GRUNAU, R. E., Cepeda, I. L., Chau, C. M. Y., Brummelte, S., Weinberg, J., Lavoie, P. M., Ladd, M., Hirschfeld, A. F., Russell, E., Koren, G., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073926 · Cited by 105
Neural mechanisms linking social status and inflammatory responses to social stress
Muscatell, K. A., Dedovic, K., Slavich, G. M., Jarcho, M. R., Breen, E. C., Bower, J. E., Irwin, M. R., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw025 · Cited by 116
van den Berg, G. J., Pinger, P., & Schoch, J. (2015) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12250 · Cited by 109
Exposure to early life pain: long term consequences and contributing mechanisms
Victoria, N. C., & Murphy, A. Z. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.015 · Cited by 107
Pathways to lifespan health following childhood parental death
Luecken, L. J., & Roubinov, D. S. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00422.x · Cited by 104
The lasting legacy of childhood adversity for disease risk in later life
McCrory, C., Dooley, C., Layte, R., & Kenny, R. A. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000147 · Cited by 104
Knight, E. L., Jiang, Y., Rodriguez-Stanley, J., Almeida, D. M., Engeland, C. G., & Zilioli, S. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.015 · Cited by 118
Schwaiger, M., Grinberg, M., Moser, D., Zang, J. C. S., Heinrichs, M., Hengstler, J. G., Rahnenführer, J., Cole, S. W., & Kumsta, R. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.57 · Cited by 107
Self-citationIntegrating Biomarkers in Social Stratification and Health Research
Harris, K. M., & Schorpp, K. (2018) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053339 · Cited by 107
Silver Spoons and Platinum Plans: How Childhood Environment Affects Adult Health Care Decisions
Mittal, C., & Griskevicius, V. (2016) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucw046 · Cited by 106
Chronic Stress, Social Isolation, and Perceived Loneliness in Dementia Caregivers
Kovaleva, M. A., Spangler, S. A., Clevenger, C. K., & Hepburn, K. W. (2018) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20180329-04 · Cited by 104
Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Epigenetic Aging Using 4 Clock Metrics
Lawrence, K. G., Kresovich, J. K., O’Brien, K. M., Hoang, T. T., Xu, Z., Taylor, J. A., & Sandler, D. P. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24329 · Cited by 101
Dmitrieva, N., Almeida, D. M., Dmitrieva, J., Loken, E., & Pieper, C. F. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.003 · Cited by 99
Early childhood poverty, immune-mediated disease processes, and adult productivity
Ziol‐Guest, K. M., Duncan, G. J., Kalil, A., & Boyce, W. T. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1203167109 · Cited by 111
Stringhini, S., Zaninotto, P., Meena Kumari, B., Mika Kivimaki, B., Lassale, C. M., & Batty, G. D. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyx106 · Cited by 96
Methylation matters in child development: toward developmental behavioral epigenetics
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Ebstein, R. P. (2011) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00202.x · Cited by 97
Early-life adversity and long-term neurobehavioral outcomes: epigenome as a bridge?
Vaiserman, A. M., & Koliada, A. K. (2017) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-017-0129-z · Cited by 99
Naliboff, B. D., Stephens, A. J., Afari, N., Lai, H. H., Krieger, J. N., Hong, B. A., Lutgendorf, S. K., Strachan, E. D., & Williams, D. A. (2015) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2015.02.047 · Cited by 96
Parental history of depression or anxiety and the cortisol awakening response
Vreeburg, S. A., Hartman, C. A., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., van Dyck, R., Zitman, F. G., Ormel, J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076869 · Cited by 98
Larouche, E., Hudon, C., & Goulet, S. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.058 · Cited by 93
Immune dysregulation and glucocorticoid resistance in minority and low income pregnant women
Corwin, E. J., Guo, Y., PAJER, K. A., Lowe, N. K., McCarthy, D. O., Schmiege, S. J., Weber, M., Pace, T. W. W., & Stafford, B. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.02.015 · Cited by 102
Can the Arts Get Under the Skin? Arts and Cortisol for Economically Disadvantaged Children
Brown, E. D., Garnett, M. L., Anderson, K. E., & Laurenceau, J. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12652 · Cited by 95
Vaiserman, A. (2015) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0130-0 · Cited by 91
Hoeijmakers, L., Lucassen, P. J., & Kőrösi, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2014.00103 · Cited by 98
Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Berg, R. C., Fernández‐Dávila, P., Mirandola, M., Marcus, U., Weatherburn, P., & Schmidt, A. J. (2017) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001519 · Cited by 91
Hosokawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197961 · Cited by 107
Powell‐Wiley, T. M., Ayers, C. R., Agyemang, P., Leonard, T., Berrigan, D. A., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., Lian, M., Das, S. R., & Hoehner, C. M. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.05.011 · Cited by 93
Carroll, J., Cohen, S., & Marsland, A. L. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.016 · Cited by 92
Lavretsky, H., & Irwin, M. R. (2007) · Johns Hopkins University Press eBooks · doi:10.1353/book.34895 · Cited by 91
Routine Versus Catastrophic Influences on the Developing Child
Odgers, C. L., & Jaffee, S. R. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114447 · Cited by 94
Chen, E., McLean, K. C., & Miller, G. E. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000157 · Cited by 93
Self-citationInfurna, F. J., Rivers, C. T., Reich, J. W., & Zautra, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121840 · Cited by 104
Blair, C., Berry, D. J., Mills-Koonce, R., & Granger, D. A. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.025 · Cited by 95
Knight, J. M., Rizzo, J. D., Logan, B. R., Wang, T., Arevalo, J. M. G., Ma, J., & Cole, S. W. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1344 · Cited by 87
Self-citationDiversity and representation: Key issues for psychophysiological science
Gatzke‐Kopp, L. M. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12566 · Cited by 86
Childhood Adversity and Cumulative Life Stress: Risk Factors for Cancer-Related Fatigue
Bower, J. E., Crosswell, A. D., & Slavich, G. M. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613496243 · Cited by 86
Morris, G., Berk, M., Maes, M. H. J., Carvalho, A. F., & Puri, B. K. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-1498-1 · Cited by 91
Principles and Challenges of Applying Epigenetic Epidemiology to Psychology
Jones, M. J., Moore, S. R., & Kobor, M. S. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033653 · Cited by 94
Self-citationSnyder‐Mackler, N., Sanz, J., Kohn, J. N., Voyles, T., Piqué-Regi, R., Wilson, M. E., Barreiro, L. B., & Tung, J. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1811758115 · Cited by 80
McDade, T. W., Hoke, M., Borja, J. B., Adair, L. S., & Kuzawa, C. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.010 · Cited by 83
Ehrlich, K. B., Ross, K. M., Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000845 · Cited by 84
Self-citationGhosh, S., Dent, R., Harper, M., Gorman, S., Stuart, J., & McPherson, R. (2010) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-3-56 · Cited by 86
Social environmental effects on gene regulation
Tung, J., & Gilad, Y. (2013) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1357-6 · Cited by 85
Slavich, G. M., Stewart, J. G., Esposito, E. C., Shields, G. S., & Auerbach, R. P. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13038 · Cited by 95
Cole, S. W., Shanahan, M. J., Gaydosh, L. M., & Harris, K. M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1821367117 · Cited by 81
Self-citationImmune and Epigenetic Pathways Linking Childhood Adversity and Health Across the Lifespan
Chen, M. A., LeRoy, A. S., Majd, M., Chen, J. Y., Brown, R. L., Christian, L. M., & Fagundes, C. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788351 · Cited by 87
Junior, H. P. D. O. S., Bhattacharya, A., Martin, E. M., Addo, K., Psioda, M., Smeester, L., Joseph, R. M., Hooper, S. R., Frazier, J. A., Kuban, K., et al. (2019) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2019.1614743 · Cited by 82
Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C. M., & Angold, A. C. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.027 · Cited by 83
Poverty and the Development of Psychopathology
Wadsworth, M. E., Evans, G. W., Grant, K. E., Carter, J. S., & Duffy, S. N. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy404 · Cited by 83
How Poverty Gets Under the Skin: A Life Course Perspective
Evans, G. W., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199769100.013.0001 · Cited by 81
Self-citationKim, P., Evans, G. W., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_19 · Cited by 92
Self-citationDoblhammer, G., van den Berg, G. J., & Fritze, T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074915 · Cited by 77
Quas, J. A., Yim, I. S., Oberlander, T. F., Nordstokke, D., Essex, M. J., Armstrong, J. M., Bush, N. R., Obradović, J., & Boyce, W. T. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000480 · Cited by 85
Childhood socioeconomic status, telomere length, and susceptibility to upper respiratory infection
Cohen, S., Janicki‐Deverts, D., Turner, R. B., Marsland, A. L., Casselbrant, M. L., Li‐Korotky, H., Epel, E. S., & Doyle, W. J. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.06.009 · Cited by 77
Caspi, A., Hariri, A. R., Holmes, A., Uher, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2010) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.8.3.foc398 · Cited by 79
Neuroendocrine Effects of Stress on Immunity in the Elderly: Implications for Inflammatory Disease
Heffner, K. L. (2010) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.005 · Cited by 76
Rodney, N. C., & Mulligan, C. J. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22568 · Cited by 79
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Fok, A. K., Walker, H., Lim, A., Nicholls, E. F., Cole, S., & Kobor, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-08-25
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- 14716-14721
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2732821
- OpenAlex
- W2099390922
- Cited by
- 822
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 17.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD0058502, R01HD058502)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- childhood socioeconomic status, social adversity, glucocorticoid resistance, glucocorticoid receptor, NF-κB, interleukin-6, pro-inflammatory signaling, cortisol, adrenocortical response, allostatic load, gene expression profiling, leukocytes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, British Columbia, Cells, Cultured, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Immunoassay, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, NF-kappa B, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Response Elements, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
