Early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, and disease: An integrative review and immunologic model of social-environmental adversity and lifespan health

Olvera Alvarez, Hector A.; Kubzansky, Laura D.; Campen, Matthew J.; Slavich, George M.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002

Cited by 133Health disparities and outcomesStress Responses and CortisolEnvironmental Justice and Health Disparities

Early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, and disease: An integrative review and immunologic model of social-environmental adversity and lifespan health

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Olvera Alvarez, Hector A., Kubzansky, Laura D., Campen, Matthew J., Slavich, George M.·2018·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002PMC PMC6082389

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Abstract

Socially disadvantaged individuals are at greater risk for simultaneously being exposed to adverse social and environmental conditions. Although the mechanisms underlying joint effects remain unclear, one hypothesis is that toxic social and environmental exposures have synergistic effects on inflammatory processes that underlie the development of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and certain types of cancer. In the present review, we examine how exposure to two risk factors that commonly occur with social disadvantage-early life stress and air pollution-affect health. Specifically, we identify neuroimmunologic pathways that could link early life stress, inflammation, air pollution, and poor health, and use this information to propose an integrated, multi-level model that describes how these factors may interact and cause health disparity across individuals based on social disadvantage. This model highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research considering multiple exposures across domains and the potential for synergistic, cross-domain effects on health, and may help identify factors that could potentially be targeted to reduce disease risk and improve lifespan health.

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Systemic chronic inflammation during pregnancy and childhood can elevate the risk of non-communicable diseases across the life span.
“SCI during pregnancy and childhood can have serious developmental consequences that include elevating the risk of non-communicable diseases over the life span7,8,26,27.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Childhood conditions have a major influence on later metabolic and immune responses, which then drive SCI in adulthood.
“childhood circumstances significantly impact metabolic and immune responses later in life, which in turn promote SCI in adulthood8,26,27,168,169”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Early-life psychological stress-from abuse, neglect, maltreatment, bullying or low socioeconomic conditions-can intensify neural threat responses, increase inflammatory activity, change immune competence, and produce SCI across the lifespan.
“exposure to psychological stress early in life—for example, in the form of abuse, neglect, maltreatment, bullying or living in a low socioeconomic environment—can heighten neural responses to threat that can upregulate inflammatory activity170, alter immuno-competence and lead to SCI throughout the lifecycle27,169”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Early life and childhood exposure to antibiotics, vaccination, diet, smoke, and psychosocial stress seems to lead to a long-term adverse influence throughout life.
“Early life and childhood exposure to antibiotics, vaccination, diet, smoke, and psychosocial stress seems to lead to a long-term adverse influence throughout life.”
From Stress triggers flare of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults (2019) · cites this paper as [72]

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“…an experience of psychosocial stress involving social evaluation and threat, are particularly interesting as they provide experimental evidence that social stress plays a causal role in activating inflammatory processes (Carpenter et al., 2007, 2010, 2009; Elzinga et al., 2008; Gouin et al., 2012).”
Rapid increases in the steady-state concentration of reactive oxygen species in the lungs and heart after particulate air pollution inhalation.
Gurgueira, S. A., Lawrence, J. E., Coull, B. A., Murthy, G. G. K., & González‐Flecha, B. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110749 · Cited by 555 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Subsequently, IL-1β and TNF-α regulate the expression of various secondary cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6 and IL-8.”
Influential
Glucocorticoids, cytokines and brain abnormalities in depression
Zunszain, P. A., Anacker, C., Cattaneo, A., Carvalho, L. A., & Pariante, C. M. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.011 · Cited by 554 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The persistence of a phenotype into adulthood is also plausible as increased inflammatory activity can sustain and further exacerbate the impaired function of the glucocorticoid receptor (Miller et al., 2009; Pace et al., 2007; Zunszain et al., 2011).”
A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Sze, J., Marin, T., Arevalo, J. M. G., Doll, R., Ma, R., & Cole, S. W. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.017 · Cited by 552 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In one study that sampled caregivers of brain-cancer patients, for example, exposure to chronic stress was associated with increased expression of transcripts with response elements for NF-κB and reduced expression of transcripts bearing response elements for glucocorticoids (Miller et al., 2008).”
Background
Childhood maltreatment is associated with distinct genomic and epigenetic profiles in posttraumatic stress disorder
Mehta, D., Klengel, T., Conneely, K. N., Smith, A. K., Altmann, A., Pace, T. W., Rex-Haffner, M., Loeschner, A., Gonik, M., Mercer, K. B., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1217750110 · Cited by 548 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In human studies, early life stress has been associated with modifications of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis- and neuroplasticity-related methylation patterns (Labonté et al., 2012; McGowan et al., 2009; Mehta et al., 2013).”
Concentrated Ambient Air Particles Induce Mild Pulmonary Inflammation in Healthy Human Volunteers
Ghio, A. J., Chong, K., & Devlin, R. B. (2000) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9911115 · Cited by 547 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, inhaled traffic-related PM enters the lungs and causes a local inflammatory response from alveolar macrophage and bronchial epithelial cells (Bai and Sun, 2015); it is noteworthy that this response can be indexed by the production of the same pro-inflammatory cytokines that are triggered by life stress (G…”
Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence.
Du, Y., Xu, X., Chu, M., Guo, Y., & Wang, J. (2016) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.37 · Cited by 539 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Inflammation is central to the biological machinery that links air pollution with adverse health outcomes (Du et al., 2016; Mostafavi et al., 2015).”
The Emerging Field of Human Social Genomics
Slavich, G. M., & Cole, S. W. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613478594 · Cited by 523 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Indeed, genes involved in inflammation are well-known to influence the effects that life stress has on health (for a review, see Slavich and Cole, 2013).”
Self-citation
Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma
Perroud, N., Paoloni-Giacobino, A., Prada, P., Olié, E., Salzmann, A., Nicastro, R., Guillaume, S., Mouthon, D., Stouder, C., Dieben, K., et al. (2011) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2011.60 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Genome-wide epigenetic regulation by early-life trauma
Labonté, B., Suderman, M., Maussion, G., Navaro, L., Yerko, V., Mahar, I., Bureau, A., Mechawar, N., Szyf, M., Meaney, M. J., et al. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2287 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Childhood Adversity and Epigenetic Modulation of the Leukocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor: Preliminary Findings in Healthy Adults
Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Marsit, C., Walters, O. C., & Carpenter, L. L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030148 · Cited by 486 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Increased methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene reduces its function and disturbs the feedback of the HPA axis, while binding of FKBP5 protein inhibits the glucocorticoid receptor (Tyrka et al., 2012).”
The mechanisms of air pollution and particulate matter in cardiovascular diseases
Fiordelisi, A., Piscitelli, P., Trimarco, B., Coscioni, E., Iaccarino, G., & Sorriento, D. (2017) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-017-9606-7 · Cited by 485 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Given that the inflammatory response to particle air pollution is mediated by the activation of NF-κB via oxidative stress, a psychosocially induced increase in expression of NF-κB could potentiate the inflammatory response to air pollution (Fiordelisi et al., 2017).”
Factors underlying variable DNA methylation in a human community cohort
Lam, L. L., Emberly, E., Fraser, H. B., Neumann, S. M., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., & Kobor, M. S. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121249109 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Association between plasma IL-6 response to acute stress and early-life adversity in healthy adults
Carpenter, L. L., Gawuga, C. E., Tyrka, A. R., Lee, J. K., Anderson, G. M., & Price, L. H. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.159 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Teen‐aged mothers in contemporary Britain
Moffitt, T. E., & the E‐Risk Study Team (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00082 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
The role of early adverse experience and adulthood stress in the prediction of neuroendocrine stress reactivity in women: a multiple regression analysis
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Wagner, D., Wilcox, M. M., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2002) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10015 · Cited by 433 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
Influential
Outdoor Air Pollution, Low Birth Weight, and Prematurity
Bobák, M. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108173 · Cited by 431 · cited 2× · see citing works
“5), has also been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, respiratory disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as poor neurodevelopment and cognitive function (Table 4) (Bobak, 2000; Bowatte et al., 2017; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2015; Campen et al., 2012; Esposito et al., 2016; Malmqvist…”
Harsh Family Climate in Early Life Presages the Emergence of a Proinflammatory Phenotype in Adolescence
Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610370161 · Cited by 413 · cited 12× · see citing works
“In this context, the terms early life stress or early adversity, have referred to different types of stressors, including violence, poverty, maltreatment, abuse, and neglect, as well as parental substance abuse or mental illness (Carroll et al., 2011; Dube et al., 2001; Hughes et al., 2017; Infurna et al., 2016; Lacey…”
Influential
Particulate air pollution and the blood
Seaton, A., Soutar, A., Crawford, V., Elton, R., McNerlan, S., Cherrie, J., Watt, M., Agius, R., & Stout, R. (1999) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.54.11.1027 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Association Between Changes in Air Pollution Levels During the Beijing Olympics and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Thrombosis in Healthy Young Adults
Rich, D. Q., Kipen, H. M., Huang, W. Y., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Zhu, P., Ohman‐Strickland, P., Hu, M., Philipp, C. S., Diehl, S. R., et al. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.3488 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Particulate air pollution is associated with an acute phase response in men. Results from the MONICA–Augsburg Study
Peters, A. (2001) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2483 · Cited by 405 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, inhaled traffic-related PM enters the lungs and causes a local inflammatory response from alveolar macrophage and bronchial epithelial cells (Bai and Sun, 2015); it is noteworthy that this response can be indexed by the production of the same pro-inflammatory cytokines that are triggered by life stress (G…”
Air Pollution and Symptoms of Depression in Elderly Adults
Lim, Y., Kim, H., Kim, J. H., Bae, S., Park, H. Y., & Hong, Y. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104100 · Cited by 402 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These include disorders that cause substantial disease burden worldwide, including cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, lung cancer, and depression (Bernatsky et al., 2016; Brunekreef and Holgate, 2002; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2015; Lim et al., 2012).”
Adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults
Anda, R. F., Brown, D. W., Dube, S. R., Bremner, J. D., Felitti, V. J., & Giles, W. H. (2008) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.002 · Cited by 394 · cited 1× · see citing works
“6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity compared to individuals experiencing none of these types of adversity, and a 4- to 12-fold increase in risk for smoking, self-rated health complaints, alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, heart disease, and suicide (Anda et al., 2008; Dong et al., 2004; Dube et…”
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with the risk of lung cancer: a prospective cohort study
Brown, D. W., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Malarcher, A. M., Croft, J. B., & Giles, W. H. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-20 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the U.S
Slopen, N., Shonkoff, J. P., Albert, M. A., Yoshikawa, H., Jacobs, A., Stoltz, R., & Williams, D. R. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.013 · Cited by 382 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Moreover, studies have shown that many of these stressors are more common among socially disadvantaged populations, suggesting that these exposures may contribute to structuring social disparities in health (Slopen et al., 2016).”
Stressful early life experiences and immune dysregulation across the lifespan
Fagundes, C. P., Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.014 · Cited by 371 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, early adversity has been linked with increased risk for a wide variety of mental and physical health problems in addition to those identified above, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and accelerated cognitive decline (Brown et al., 2010; D…”
Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events
Elzinga, B. M., Roelofs, K., Tollenaar, M. S., Bakvis, P., van Pelt, J., & Spinhoven, P. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.11.004 · Cited by 364 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Findings from simulated laboratory-based social stressors, such as the Trier Social Stress Test that induces an experience of psychosocial stress involving social evaluation and threat, are particularly interesting as they provide experimental evidence that social stress plays a causal role in activating inflammatory…”
Black sheep get the blues: a psychobiological model of social rejection and depression
Slavich, G. M., O’Donovan, A., Epel, E. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.003 · Cited by 362 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, research is necessary to understand which specific types of life stress most strongly trigger inflammation and lead to the development of a proinflammatory phenotype (Epel et al., 2018; Irwin and Slavich, 2017; Slavich et al., 2010).”
Self-citation
Chronic Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Induces Systemic Vascular Dysfunction via NADPH Oxidase and TLR4 Pathways
Kampfrath, T., Maiseyeu, A., Ying, Z., Shah, Z., Deiuliis, J. A., Xu, X., Kherada, N. I., Brook, R. D., Reddy, K. M., Padture, N. P., et al. (2011) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.237560 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Inflammation as “common soil” of the multifactorial diseases
Scrivo, R., Vasile, M., Bartosiewicz, I., & Valesini, G. (2010) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.006 · Cited by 337 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…Dong et al., 2004, 2003; Dube et al., 2009; Felitti et al., 1998; Halonen et al., 2015; Kivimaki et al., 2006; Korkeila et al., 2010; Mantovani et al., 2008; Miller et al., 2011; Nanni et al., 2012; Packard et al., 2011; Scrivo et al., 2011; Slavich and Irwin, 2014; Wolitzky-Taylor et al., 2017).”
Clustering of depression and inflammation in adolescents previously exposed to childhood adversity
Miller, G. E., & Cole, S. W. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.034 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Childhood adversity and inflammatory processes in youth: a prospective study
Slopen, N., Kubzansky, L. D., McLaughlin, K. A., & Koenen, K. C. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.013 · Cited by 330 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment: A Review of Neurobiological and Genetic Factors
McCrory, E., De Brito, S. A., & Viding, E. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00048 · Cited by 329 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this context, the terms early life stress or early adversity, have referred to different types of stressors, including violence, poverty, maltreatment, abuse, and neglect, as well as parental substance abuse or mental illness (Carroll et al., 2011; Dube et al., 2001; Hughes et al., 2017; Infurna et al., 2016; Lacey…”
Air Pollution and Inflammation (Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen) in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Rückerl, R., Greven, S., Ljungman, P. L. S., Aalto, P. P., Antoniades, C. A., Bellander, T., Berglind, N., Chrysohoou, C. A., Forastiere, F., Jacquemin, B., et al. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10021 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Biological embedding of stress through inflammation processes in childhood
Danese, A., Caspi, A., Williams, B., Ambler, A., Sugden, K., Mika, J., Werts, H., Freeman, J., Pariante, C. M., Moffitt, T. E., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.5 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Life Stress and Health: A Review of Conceptual Issues and Recent Findings
Slavich, G. M. (2016) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0098628316662768 · Cited by 300 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The notion that early life stress can affect health has been around for centuries (Monroe and Slavich, 2016; Slavich, 2016).”
Self-citation
Associations Between Early Life Stress and Gene Methylation in Children
Romens, S. E., McDonald, J., Svaren, J., & Pollak, S. D. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12270 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Disparities in Adverse Childhood Experiences among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults: Results from a Multi-State Probability-Based Sample
Andersen, J. P., & Blosnich, J. R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054691 · Cited by 298 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A harmful exposure common among socially disadvantaged populations is psychosocial stress during childhood (Andersen and Blosnich, 2013; Slopen et al., 2016).”
Childhood trauma and suicide attempt: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies from the last decade
Zatti, C., Rosa, V., Barros, A., Valdivia, L., Calegaro, V. C., Freitas, L. H., Ceresér, K. M. M., Rocha, N. S. D., Bastos, A. G., & Schuch, F. B. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.082 · Cited by 297 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In this context, the terms early life stress or early adversity, have referred to different types of stressors, including violence, poverty, maltreatment, abuse, and neglect, as well as parental substance abuse or mental illness (Carroll et al., 2011; Dube et al., 2001; Hughes et al., 2017; Infurna et al., 2016; Lacey…”
Neurobehavioral effects of ambient air pollution on cognitive performance in US adults
Chen, J., & Schwartz, J. D. (2008) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2008.12.011 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Childhood bullying involvement predicts low-grade systemic inflammation into adulthood
Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Lereya, S. T., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., & Costello, E. J. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1323641111 · Cited by 291 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Researchers have also found associations between experiences of bullying in childhood (9–16 years) and elevated CRP levels in young adulthood (19–21 years) (Copeland et al., 2014), as well as exposure to victimization during childhood (birth-12 years) and elevated levels of CRP at age 18 years (Baldwin et al.”
Increased Glucocorticoid Receptor β in Airway Cells of Glucocorticoid-insensitive Asthma
Hamid, Q. A., Wenzel, S. E., Hauk, P. J., Tsicopoulos, A., Wallaert, B., Lafitte, J., Chrousos, G. P., Szefler, S. J., & Leung, D. Y. M. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.5.9804131 · Cited by 291 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…expression of glucocorticoid receptor-β can lead to cellular insensitivity to glucocorticoids, including in airway cells, creating a physiologic environment that favors the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increases systemic inflammation (Cain and Cidlowski, 2015; Hamid et al., 1999).”
Background
Cumulative Childhood Adversity, Educational Attainment, and Active Life Expectancy Among U.S. Adults
Montez, J. K., & Hayward, M. D. (2014) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-013-0261-x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice
Riva, D. R., Magalhães, C. B., Lopes, A. A., Lanças, T., Mauad, T., Malm, O., Valença, S. S., Saldiva, P. H. N., Faffe, D. S., & Zin, W. A. (2011) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.566290 · Cited by 282 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Toxicology research in humans and animal models shows that exposure to particle air pollution can result in both local and systemic inflammation (Table 4) (Ogino et al., 2017; Ostro et al., 2014; Riva et al., 2011).”
Effect of childhood emotional abuse and age on cortisol responsivity in adulthood
Carpenter, L. L., Tyrka, A. R., Ross, N. S., Khoury, L., Anderson, G. M., & Price, L. H. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.030 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Respiratory health and individual estimated exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in a cohort of young children
Morgenstern, V., Zutavern, A., Cyrys, J., Brockow, I., Gehring, U., Koletzko, S., Bauer, C.-P., Reinhardt, D., Wichmann, H. ‐., & Heinrich, J. (2006) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2006.028241 · Cited by 279 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5), has also been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, respiratory disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as poor neurodevelopment and cognitive function (Table 4) (Bobak, 2000; Bowatte et al., 2017; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2015; Campen et al., 2012; Esposito et al., 2016; Malmqvist…”
Macrophage recruitment in obese adipose tissue
Bai, Y., & Sun, Q. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12242 · Cited by 279 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…inhaled traffic-related PM enters the lungs and causes a local inflammatory response from alveolar macrophage and bronchial epithelial cells (Bai and Sun, 2015); it is noteworthy that this response can be indexed by the production of the same pro-inflammatory cytokines that are triggered by…”
Assessing Lifetime Stress Exposure Using the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN): An Overview and Initial Validation
Slavich, G. M., & Shields, G. S. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000534 · Cited by 268 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2017; Burgermeister, 2007), as well as lifetime stress exposure measurement (Shields and Slavich, 2017; Slavich, 2016; Slavich and Shields, 2018).”
Self-citation
Socioeconomic status, particulate air pollution, and daily mortality: Differential exposure or differential susceptibility
Forastiere, F., Stafoggia, M., Tasco, C., Picciotto, S., Agabiti, N., Cesaroni, G., & Perucci, C. A. (2006) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20368 · Cited by 267 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings are also broadly consistent with evidence showing that individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds (which can give rise to stress) have greater air-pollution related mortality than their higher socioeconomic counterparts (Forastiere et al., 2007; Jerrett et al., 2004; Krewski et al., 2003).”
Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans
Behndig, A., Mudway, I., Brown, J., Stenfors, N., Helleday, R., Duggan, S. T., Wilson, S. J., Boman, C., Cassee, F. R., Frew, A. J., et al. (2006) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00136904 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar affective disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Palmier‐Claus, J. E., Berry, K., Bucci, S., Mansell, W., & Varese, F. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.179655 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health
(2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.001.0001 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Childhood Maltreatment as a Risk Factor for Adult Cardiovascular Disease and Depression
Batten, S. V., Aslan, M., Maciejewski, P. K., & Mazure, C. M. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0217 · Cited by 253 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, several psychiatric disorders including substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and schizophrenia have been linked to both early adversity exposure and inflammation, as have many somatic conditions, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and rheumatic diseases (Anda et al., 2008, 2…”
DNA methylation: A mechanism for embedding early life experiences in the genome
Szyf, M., & Bick, J. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01793.x · Cited by 251 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although the specific mechanisms by which early life stress becomes biologically embedded are not yet fully understood, at least one pathway likely involves early life stress-related programming of a proinflammatory phenotype via changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression (Table 3) (Khulan et al., 2014; L…”
Air pollution exposure assessment methods utilized in epidemiological studies.
Zou, B., Wilson, J. G., Zhan, F., & Zeng, Y. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b813889c · Cited by 246 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As a starting point, therefore, stress researchers are referred to a set of reviews summarizing air pollution exposure assessment methods (Krzyzanowski, 1997; Mirowsky and Gordon, 2015; Zhang and Lioy, 2002; Zou et al., 2009), as well as the USEPA’s online resources for human air pollution exposure.”
Involvement of Microbial Components and Toll-like Receptors 2 And 4 in Cytokine Responses to Air Pollution Particles
Becker, S., Fenton, M. J., & Soukup, J. M. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.4868 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Huang, H., Yan, P., Shan, Z., Chen, S., Li, M., Luo, C., Gao, H., Hao, L., & Liu, L. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.019 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Childhood abuse, parental warmth, and adult multisystem biological risk in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Carroll, J. E., Gruenewald, T. L., Taylor, S. E., Janicki-Deverts, D., Matthews, K. A., & Seeman, T. E. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1315458110 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Forward: CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report - United States, 2011.
Frieden, T. R. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Oxygen Saturation, Pulse Rate, and Particulate Air Pollution: A Daily Time-Series Panel Study
POPE, C. A. I., Dockery, D. W., Kanner, R. E., Villegas, G. M., & Schwartz, J. D. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9702103 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-reported Liver Disease
Dong, M., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.16.1949 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Prenatal Maternal Stress and Cord Blood Innate and Adaptive Cytokine Responses in an Inner-City Cohort
Wright, R. J., Visness, C. M., Calatroni, A., Grayson, M. H., Gold, D. R., Sandel, M. T., Lee-Parritz, A., Wood, R. A., Kattan, M., Bloomberg, G. R., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200904-0637oc · Cited by 233 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
Influential
Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health
Sturmberg, J. P., & Martin, C. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4998-0 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of exposure to particulate matter and adverse birth outcomes
Lamichhane, D. K., Leem, J.-H., Lee, J.-Y., & Kim, H.-C. (2015) · Environmental Health and Toxicology · doi:10.5620/eht.e2015011 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Air pollution and your brain: what do you need to know right now
Calderón‐Garcidueñas, L., Calderón‐Garcidueñas, A. L., Torres‐Jardón, R., Ávila-Ramírez, J., Kulesza, R. J., & Angiulli, A. D. A. (2014) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s146342361400036x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Lifetime stress exposure and health: A review of contemporary assessment methods and biological mechanisms
Shields, G. S., & Slavich, G. M. (2017) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12335 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citation
Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in inflammatory immune responses induced by fine and coarse ambient air particulate matter
Shoenfelt, J. L., Mitkus, R. J., Zeisler, R. L., Spatz, R. O., Powell, J., Fenton, M. J., Squibb, K. A., & Medvedev, A. E. (2009) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1008587 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Air pollution and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a mechanism for susceptibility
O’Neill, M. S., Veves, A., Sarnat, J. A., Zanobetti, A., Gold, D. R., Economides, P. A., Horton, E. S., & Schwartz, J. (2006) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2006.030023 · Cited by 222 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Second, many of these diseases have an underlying inflammatory component (Danese et al., 2009; O’Neill et al., 2007; Slavich and Irwin, 2014; Wellen and Hotamisligil, 2005).”
Stress responsivity and socioeconomic status. A mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk?
Steptoe, A. (2002) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.3233 · Cited by 214 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…(Danese and McEwen, 2012; Gouin et al., 2012; Heim et al., 2002; Heleniak et al., 2016; Hornung and Heim, 2014; Levine et al., 2015; McLaughlin, 2016; Miller and Chen, 2010; Nusslock and Miller, 2016; Schwaiger et al., 2016; Slopen et al., 2013; Steptoe et al., 2002b, 2002a; Winzeler et al., 2017).”
Background
Early-life and adult socioeconomic status and inflammatory risk markers in adulthood
Pollitt, R. A., Kaufman, J. S., Rose, K. M., Diez-Roux, A. V., Zeng, D., & Heiss, G. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-006-9082-1 · Cited by 213 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…or mental illness (Carroll et al., 2011; Dube et al., 2001; Hughes et al., 2017; Infurna et al., 2016; Lacey et al., 2014; Lindert et al., 2014; McCrory et al., 2011; Miller and Chen, 2010; Norman et al., 2012; Pollitt et al., 2007; Sripada et al., 2014; Varese et al., 2012; Zatti et al., 2017).”
Social disadvantage and adolescent stress
Goodman, E., McEwen, B. S., Dolan, L. M., Schafer-Kalkhoff, T., & Adler, N. E. (2005) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.11.126 · Cited by 203 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, the effects of severe early life stressors that cause repeated biological stress responses or prolonged biological dysregulation, such as poverty, abuse, neglect, isolation, discrimination, humiliation, or violence, appear to be particularly deleterious for lifespan health (Goodman et al., 2005; Horwitz, 200…”
Do socioeconomic characteristics modify the short term association between air pollution and mortality? Evidence from a zonal time series in Hamilton, Canada
Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Brook, J., Kanaroglou, P., Giovis, C., Finkelstein, N., & Hutchison, B. (2003) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.58.1.31 · Cited by 203 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…are also broadly consistent with evidence showing that individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds (which can give rise to stress) have greater air-pollution related mortality than their higher socioeconomic counterparts (Forastiere et al., 2007; Jerrett et al., 2004; Krewski et al., 2003).”
Background
Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Major Depressive Disorder in a Community-Based Urban Cohort
Kim, K., Lim, Y.-H., Bae, H.-J., Kim, M., Jung, K., & Hong, Y. (2016) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp192 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Parental stress increases the effect of traffic-related air pollution on childhood asthma incidence
Shankardass, K., McConnell, R., Jerrett, M., Milam, J. E., Richardson, J. L., & Berhane, K. T. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812910106 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The Global Food System as a Transport Pathway for Hazardous Chemicals: The Missing Link between Emissions and Exposure
Ng, C. A., & Goetz, N. V. (2016) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp168 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
CD36-Dependent 7-Ketocholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages Mediates Progression of Atherosclerosis in Response to Chronic Air Pollution Exposure
Rao, X., Zhong, J., Maiseyeu, A., Gopalakrishnan, B., Villamena, F. A., Chen, L., Harkema, J. R., Sun, Q., & Rajagopalan, S. (2014) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.304666 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Air pollution and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Balti, E. V., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Yako, Y. Y., & Kengne, A. P. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.08.010 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Global Association of Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Investigation of Modifier Variables
Réquia, W. J., Adams, M. D., Arain, M. A., Papatheodorou, S., Koutrakis, P., & Mahmoud, M. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303839 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Diagnosis of Cancer
Brown, M. J., Thacker, L. R., & Cohen, S. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065524 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Inflammatory cytokines, socioeconomic status, and acute stress responsivity
Steptoe, A., Owen, N., Kunz-Ebrecht, S., & Mohamed‐Ali, V. (2002) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00030-2 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Childhood Poverty and Stress Reactivity Are Associated with Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Default Mode Network
Sripada, R. K., Swain, J. E., Evans, G. W., Welsh, R. C., & Liberzon, I. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.75 · Cited by 171 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…or mental illness (Carroll et al., 2011; Dube et al., 2001; Hughes et al., 2017; Infurna et al., 2016; Lacey et al., 2014; Lindert et al., 2014; McCrory et al., 2011; Miller and Chen, 2010; Norman et al., 2012; Pollitt et al., 2007; Sripada et al., 2014; Varese et al., 2012; Zatti et al., 2017).”
Outcomes in the Sociology of Mental Health and Illness: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
Horwitz, A. V. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090193 · Cited by 171 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…that cause repeated biological stress responses or prolonged biological dysregulation, such as poverty, abuse, neglect, isolation, discrimination, humiliation, or violence, appear to be particularly deleterious for lifespan health (Goodman et al., 2005; Horwitz, 2002; Nurius et al., 2013).”
Childhood C-Reactive Protein in Predicting CRP and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Adulthood
Juonala, M., Viikari, J. S. A., Rönnemaa, T., Taittonen, L. M., Marniemi, J., & Raitakari, O. T. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000228818.11968.7a · Cited by 167 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, elevated levels of inflammation appear to persist into adulthood, even among disease-free adults with a history of disadvantage or maltreatment during childhood (Juonala et al., 2006).”
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Wang, B., Xu, D., Jing, Z., Liu, D., Yan, S., & Wang, Y. (2014) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-14-0365 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Traffic-related air pollution exposure is associated with allergic sensitization, asthma, and poor lung function in middle age
Bowatte, G., Lodge, C., Knibbs, L. D., Lowe, A. J., Erbas, B., Dennekamp, M., Marks, G. B., Giles, G. G., Morrison, S. C., Thompson, B., et al. (2016) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.008 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation following stressful events between birth and adolescence. The TRAILS study
van der Knaap, L. J., Riese, H., Hudziak, J. J., Verbiest, M. M. P. J., Verhulst, F. C., Oldehinkel, A. J., & van Oort, F. V. A. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.22 · Cited by 165 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1; a key regulator of inflammatory activity) (McGowan et al., 2009; Romens et al., 2014; Tyrka et al., 2012; van der Knaap et al., 2014) as well as demethylation of the FKBP5 gene, which increases the expression of the FK506 protein, an important regulator…”
Analysis of DNA methylation in young people: limited evidence for an association between victimization stress and epigenetic variation in blood
Marzi, S. J., Sugden, K., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D. W., Burrage, J., Corcoran, D. L., Danese, A., Fisher, H. L., Hannon, E., Moffitt, T. E., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17060693 · Cited by 163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(2018) conducted epigenome-wide analyses in peripheral blood from participants of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Study (Moffitt, 2002) and found no support for the hypothesis of robust changes in DNA methylation in young (18-year olds) individuals with history of victimization (Marzi et al., 2018).”
Unfavorable Socioeconomic Conditions in Early Life Presage Expression of Proinflammatory Phenotype in Adolescence
Miller, G., & Chen, E. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318068fcf9 · Cited by 159 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Moreover, psychosocial stress and particle air pollution seem to influence the same inflammatory processes, such as inducing oxidative stress, as well as activating NF-κB and TLR4 (see Fig.”
Influential
Overview of the Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study and American Cancer Society Study of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality
Krewski, D. R., Burnett, R. T., Goldberg, M. S., Hoover, B. K., Siemiatycki, J., Jerrett, M., Abrahamowicz, M., & White, W. H. (2003) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287390306424 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Chronic Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Stress Interact to Predict Biologic and Clinical Outcomes in Asthma
Chen, E., Schreier, H. M. C., Strunk, R. C., & Brauer, M. D. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11076 · Cited by 150 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(2008) studied the interaction between chronic exposure to chronic family stress and traffic-related air pollution in predicting biologic and clinical outcomes in 73 children with asthma (Chen et al., 2008).”
Fine particulate air pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease in two Canadian provinces
Bernatsky, S., Smargiassi, A., Barnabe, C. C. M., Svenson, L. W., Brand, A., Martin, R. V., Hudson, M., Clarke, A. E., Fortin, P. R., van Donkelaar, A., et al. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.021 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Chronic PM2.5 exposure and inflammation: Determining sensitive subgroups in mid-life women
Ostro, B. D., Malig, B. J., Broadwin, R., Basu, R., Gold, E. B., Bromberger, J. T., Derby, C. A., Feinstein, S. B., Greendale, G. A., Jackson, E. A., et al. (2014) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.042 · Cited by 146 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Inflammatory mechanisms linking air pollution and health Toxicology research in humans and animal models shows that exposure to particle air pollution can result in both local and systemic inflammation (Table 4) (Ogino et al., 2017; Ostro et al., 2014; Riva et al., 2011).”
Epidemiology of air pollution and diabetes
Thiering, E., & Heinrich, J. (2015) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.05.002 · Cited by 145 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5), has also been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, respiratory disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as poor neurodevelopment and cognitive function (Table 4) (Bobak, 2000; Bowatte et al., 2017; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2015; Campen et al., 2012; Esposito et al., 2016; Malmqvist…”
Chemical constituents of ambient particulate air pollution and biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation and homocysteine in healthy adults: A prospective panel study
Wu, S., Deng, F., Wei, H., Huang, J., Wang, H., Shima, M., Wang, X., Qin, Y., Zheng, C., Yu, H., et al. (2012) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-9-49 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The Biological Residue of Childhood Poverty
Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2013) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12021 · Cited by 141 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, although studies rarely account for exposure to both poor air quality and social disadvantage, the health impact of chronic exposure to poor air quality is closely intertwined with the negative health effects of social stressors that are also more concentrated among those who are socially disadvantaged, such…”
Serum-borne bioactivity caused by pulmonary multiwalled carbon nanotubes induces neuroinflammation via blood–brain barrier impairment
Aragon, M. J., Topper, L. A., Steadman, C. R., Sanchez, B., Zychowski, K. E., Young, T. L., Herbert, G., Hall, P. R., Erdely, A., Eye, T., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1616070114 · Cited by 138 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Toll-like receptors and related scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), are the major immune sensors that recognize pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns arising from inflammation, infection, or cell stress, and these receptors have been mechanistically…”
Self-citation
Childhood victimization and inflammation in young adulthood: A genetically sensitive cohort study
Baldwin, J. R., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Moffitt, T. E., Odgers, C. L., Pariante, C. M., Ambler, A. P., Dove, R. E., Kepa, A., et al. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.025 · Cited by 137 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2014), as well as exposure to victimization during childhood (birth-12 years) and elevated levels of CRP at age 18 years (Baldwin et al., 2018).”
Childhood Abuse and Inflammatory Responses to Daily Stressors
Gouin, J.-P., Glaser, R., Malarkey, W. B., Beversdorf, D., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2012) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9386-1 · Cited by 130 · cited 14× · see citing works
“The evidence discussed in previous sections also suggests that the pro-inflammatory phenotype results in increased inflammatory reactivity to inflammation-inducing factors, other than air pollution, such as psychosocial stress and pathogens (Baumeister et al., 2016; Carpenter et al., 2010, 2009, 2007; Elzinga et al.,…”
Influential
Relationship of childhood adversity and neighborhood violence to a proinflammatory phenotype in emerging adult African American men: an epigenetic link
Janusek, L. W., Tell, D., Gaylord-Harden, N., & Mathews, H. L. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.006 · Cited by 130 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Consistent with this possibility, initial research has demonstrated associations between early life stress and genome-wide methylation in adulthood, which was in turn related to increased production of IL-6 following an immunologic challenge (Janusek et al., 2017; Lam et al., 2012).”
Specificity and sensitivity of glucocorticoid signaling in health and disease
Cain, D. W., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2015) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2015.04.007 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Childhood adversities as predictors of incident coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
Korkeila, J., Vahtera, J., Korkeila, K., Kivimäki, M., Sumanen, M., Koskenvuo, K., & Koskenvuo, M. (2010) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.188250 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Understanding inflammation, its regulation, and relevance for health: A top scientific and public priority
Slavich, G. M. (2014) · Brain, behavior, and immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.012 · Cited by 119 · cited 2× · see citing works
“To the extent that this is true, a better understanding of how this pro-inflammatory phenotype develops, as well as what interventions might help reduce inflammation-related health risks, will be important for reducing health disparities and improving population health worldwide (Slavich, 2015).”
Self-citation
Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with chronic inflammation, carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross-sectional, population-based study
Packard, C. J., Bezlyak, V., McLean, J. S., Batty, G. D., Ford, I., Burns, H., Cavanagh, J., Deans, K. A., Henderson, M., McGinty, A., et al. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-42 · Cited by 118 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Indeed, several psychiatric disorders including substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and schizophrenia have been linked to both early adversity exposure and inflammation, as have many somatic conditions, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and rheumatic diseases (Anda et al., 2008, 2…”
Long‐term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study
Tomczak, A., Miller, A. B., Weichenthal, S., To, T. M., Wall, C., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Crouse, D. L., & Villeneuve, P. J. (2016) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.30255 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Mediates Vascular Effects of Inhaled Vehicle Emissions
Lund, A. K., Lucero, J., Harman, M., Madden, M. C., McDonald, J. D., Seagrave, J., & Campen, M. J. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201012-1967oc · Cited by 116 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Moreover, psychosocial stress and particle air pollution seem to influence the same inflammatory processes, such as inducing oxidative stress, as well as activating NF-κB and TLR4 (see Fig.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Early-Life Stress and Adult Inflammation
Fagundes, C. P., & Way, B. M. (2014) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414535603 · Cited by 113 · cited 11× · see citing works
“well as pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive the acute inflammatory response—namely, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (Fagundes and Way, 2014; Miller and Cole, 2012; Slavich and Auerbach, 2018).”
Influential
Childhood and later life stressors and increased inflammatory gene expression at older ages
Levine, M. E., Cole, S. W., Weir, D. R., & Crimmins, E. M. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.030 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Altered Stress-Induced Regulation of Genes in Monocytes in Adults with a History of Childhood Adversity
Schwaiger, M., Grinberg, M., Moser, D., Zang, J. C. S., Heinrichs, M., Hengstler, J. G., Rahnenführer, J., Cole, S. W., & Kumsta, R. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.57 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Serum Inflammatory Cytokines in Children
Gruzieva, O., Merid, S. K., Gref, A., Gajulapuri, A., Lemonnier, N., Ballereau, S. J., Gigante, B., Kere, J., Auffray, C., Melén, E., et al. (2017) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp460 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Stress and the Individual: Mechanisms Leading to Disease
McEwen, B. S. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180039004 · Cited by 103 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Allostatic load as described by (McEwen and Stellar, 1993) refers to the “wear and tear” the body experiences in response to repeated allostatic activations caused by persistent perception of psychosocial stressors.”
Inflammation-Related Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust Particles: Studies on Lung CellsIn Vitro
Schwarze, P. E., Totlandsdal, A. I., Låg, M., Refsnes, M., Holme, J. A., & Øvrevik, J. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/685142 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Social isolation in childhood and adult inflammation: evidence from the National Child Development Study
Lacey, R. E., Kumari, M., & Bartley, M. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.007 · Cited by 99 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Similarly, a longitudinal birth-cohort study of 7462 participants recently found that social isolation during ages 7–11 predicted higher levels of CRP at 44 years of age (Lacey et al., 2014).”
Arsenic Exposure and Immunotoxicity: a Review Including the Possible Influence of Age and Sex
Ferrario, D., Gribaldo, L., & Härtung, T. (2016) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-016-0082-3 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Cytokine levels in major depression are related to childhood trauma but not to recent stressors
Grosse, L., Ambrée, O., Jörgens, S., Jawahar, M. C., Singhal, G., Stacey, D., Arolt, V., & Baune, B. T. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.205 · Cited by 95 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, high levels of chronic peripheral inflammation, indexed by circulatory inflammatory markers, have been associated with experiences of early life stress in both crosssectional (Carroll et al., 2011; Dixon et al., 2009; Gouin et al., 2012; Grosse et al., 2016; Hartwell et al., 2013; Lacey et al., 2013; Lehto et a…”
Diesel exhaust exposure enhances the expression of IL-13 in the bronchial epithelium of healthy subjects
Pourazar, J., Frew, A. J., Blomberg, A., Helleday, R., Kelly, F. J., Wilson, S. J., & Sandström, T. (2004) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2004.02.025 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status
Murphy, M. L. M., Slavich, G. M., Rohleder, N., & Miller, G. E. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702612455743 · Cited by 92 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, there is evidence that experiencing even one major life stressor involving social threat during adolescence can lead to greater upregulation of pro-inflammatory molecular signaling pathways (Murphy et al., 2013) and downregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways (Murphy et al.”
Self-citation
Early childhood socioeconomic status is associated with circulating interleukin-6 among mid-life adults
Carroll, J., Cohen, S., & Marsland, A. L. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.016 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults
Hartwell, K. J., Moran-Santa Maria, M. M., Twal, W. O., Shaftman, S., DeSantis, S. M., McRae-Clark, A. L., & Brady, K. T. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.008 · Cited by 87 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, high levels of chronic peripheral inflammation, indexed by circulatory inflammatory markers, have been associated with experiences of early life stress in both crosssectional (Carroll et al., 2011; Dixon et al., 2009; Gouin et al., 2012; Grosse et al., 2016; Hartwell et al., 2013; Lacey et al., 2013; Lehto et a…”
Gene–Environment Interactions and Intermediate Phenotypes: Early Trauma and Depression
Hornung, O., & Heim, C. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00014 · Cited by 86 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
Influential
Socioeconomic position in childhood and adult cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and function: cardiovascular risk in young Finns study
Mika Kivimaki, B., Smith, G. D., Juonala, M., Ferrie, J. E., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Elovainio, M. J., Pulkki-Råback, L., Vahtera, J., Leino, M., Viikari, J. S. A., et al. (2005) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.067108 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Childhood Psychosocial Adversity and Adult Neighborhood Disadvantage as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease
Halonen, J. I., Stenholm, S., Pentti, J., Kawachi, I. I., Subramanian, S. V., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Vahtera, J. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.015392 · Cited by 83 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, several psychiatric disorders including substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and schizophrenia have been linked to both early adversity exposure and inflammation, as have many somatic conditions, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and rheumatic diseases (Anda et al., 2008, 2…”
CD36 mediates endothelial dysfunction downstream of circulating factors induced by O3 exposure
Robertson, S., Colombo, E. S., Lucas, S. N., Hall, P. R., Febbraio, M., Paffett, M. L., & Campen, M. J. (2013) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft107 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring Childhood Adversity in Life Course Cardiovascular Research: A Systematic Review
Appleton, A. A., Holdsworth, E. A., Ryan, M., & Tracy, M. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000430 · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Environmental health researchers, in turn, are referred to a set of reviews summarizing early life stress measures (Appleton et al., 2017; Burgermeister, 2007), as well as lifetime stress exposure measurement (Shields and Slavich, 2017; Slavich, 2016; Slavich and Shields, 2018).”
Methods for assessing the extent of exposure and effects of air pollution.
Krzyżanowski, M. (1997) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.54.3.145 · Cited by 78 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As a starting point, therefore, stress researchers are referred to a set of reviews summarizing air pollution exposure assessment methods (Krzyzanowski, 1997; Mirowsky and Gordon, 2015; Zhang and Lioy, 2002; Zou et al., 2009), as well as the USEPA’s online resources for human air pollution exposure.”
Parental separation in childhood and adult inflammation: The importance of material and psychosocial pathways
Lacey, R. E., Kumari, M., & McMunn, A. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.007 · Cited by 77 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…early life stress in both crosssectional (Carroll et al., 2011; Dixon et al., 2009; Gouin et al., 2012; Grosse et al., 2016; Hartwell et al., 2013; Lacey et al., 2013; Lehto et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2016; Moreira et al., 2018; Munjiza et al., 2018; Packard et al., 2011) and longitudinal studies…”
Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes
Malmqvist, E., Rignell‐Hydbom, A., Tinnerberg, H., Björk, J., Stroh, E., Jakobsson, K., Rittner, R., & Rylander, L. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002564 · Cited by 76 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5), has also been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, respiratory disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as poor neurodevelopment and cognitive function (Table 4) (Bobak, 2000; Bowatte et al., 2017; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2015; Campen et al., 2012; Esposito et al., 2016; Malmqvist…”
Inflammatory markers in relation to long-term air pollution
Mostafavi, N. S., Vlaanderen, J. J., Chadeau‐Hyam, M., Beelen, R. M. J., Modig, L., Palli, D., Bergdahl, I. A., Vineis, P., Hoek, G., Kyrtopoulos, S. Α., et al. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.003 · Cited by 76 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Inflammation is central to the biological machinery that links air pollution with adverse health outcomes (Du et al., 2016; Mostafavi et al., 2015).”
Particulate matter pollutants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a time for concern?
Esposito, K., Petrizzo, M., Maiorino, M. I., Bellastella, G., & Giugliano, D. (2015) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0638-2 · Cited by 76 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5), has also been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, respiratory disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as poor neurodevelopment and cognitive function (Table 4) (Bobak, 2000; Bowatte et al., 2017; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2015; Campen et al., 2012; Esposito et al., 2016; Malmqvist…”
Parental Stress Increases the Detrimental Effect of Traffic Exposure on Children's Lung Function
Islam, T. S., Urman, R., Gauderman, W. J., Milam, J. E., Lurmann, F. W., Shankardass, K., Avol, E., Gilliland, F. D., & McConnell, R. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201104-0720oc · Cited by 75 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, FEV1 and FVC) among children of parents reporting higher perceived stress, after adjusting for household socioeconomic status (Islam et al., 2011).”
Crosstalk between TNF and glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathways
Bogaert, T. V., Bosscher, K. D., & Libert, C. (2010) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.04.003 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
CD36 as a Multiple-Ligand Signaling Receptor in Atherothrombosis
Nergiz‐Unal, R., Rademakers, T., Cosemans, J. M. E. M., & Heemskerk, J. W. M. (2011) · Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/187152511794182855 · Cited by 69 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Toll-like receptors and related scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), are the major immune sensors that recognize pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns arising from inflammation, infection, or cell stress, and these receptors have been mechanistically…”
Childhood Adversity: A Review of Measurement Instruments
Burgermeister, D. (2007) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/106137407783095766 · Cited by 66 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Environmental health researchers, in turn, are referred to a set of reviews summarizing early life stress measures (Appleton et al., 2017; Burgermeister, 2007), as well as lifetime stress exposure measurement (Shields and Slavich, 2017; Slavich, 2016; Slavich and Shields, 2018).”
PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in NC/Nga mice
Ogino, K., Nagaoka, K., Okuda, T., Oka, A., Kubo, M., Eguchi, E., & Fujikura, Y. (2016) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.22303 · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Inflammatory mechanisms linking air pollution and health Toxicology research in humans and animal models shows that exposure to particle air pollution can result in both local and systemic inflammation (Table 4) (Ogino et al., 2017; Ostro et al., 2014; Riva et al., 2011).”
Influence of Socioeconomic Status Trajectories on Innate Immune Responsiveness in Children
Azad, M. B., Lissitsyn, Y., Miller, G. E., Becker, A. B., HayGlass, K. T., & Kozyrskyj, A. L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038669 · Cited by 64 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
Influential
Adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort
Chen, M., & Lacey, R. E. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.007 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Associations of childhood adversity and adulthood trauma with C-reactive protein: A cross-sectional population-based study
Lin, J. E., Neylan, T. C., Epel, E., & O’Donovan, A. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.015 · Cited by 63 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, high levels of chronic peripheral inflammation, indexed by circulatory inflammatory markers, have been associated with experiences of early life stress in both crosssectional (Carroll et al., 2011; Dixon et al., 2009; Gouin et al., 2012; Grosse et al., 2016; Hartwell et al., 2013; Lacey et al., 2013; Lehto et a…”
Association between fine particulate matter exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis
Akintoye, E. O., Shi, L., Obaitan, I., Olusunmade, M., Wāng, Y., Newman, J. D., & Dodson, J. A. (2015) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487315588758 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Stress and its sequelae: Depression, suicide, inflammation, and physical illness.
Slavich, G. M., & Auerbach, R. P. (2018) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/0000064-016 · Cited by 62 · cited 12× · see citing works
“well as pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive the acute inflammatory response—namely, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (Fagundes and Way, 2014; Miller and Cole, 2012; Slavich and Auerbach, 2018).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Psychoneuroimmunology of Stress and Mental Health
Slavich, G. M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.013.24 · Cited by 60 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Recent studies in health psychology and psychoneuroimmunology have focused on elucidating biological mechanisms that may explain how early life stress affects mental and physical health in later life (Shields and Slavich, 2017; Slavich, 2018).”
Self-citation
Epigenomic profiling of men exposed to early-life stress reveals DNA methylation differences in association with current mental state
Khulan, B., Manning, J. R., Dunbar, D. R., Seckl, J. R., Raikkonen, K., Eriksson, J. G., & Drake, A. J. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.94 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…biologically embedded are not yet fully understood, at least one pathway likely involves early life stress-related programming of a proinflammatory phenotype via changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression (Table 3) (Khulan et al., 2014; Levine et al., 2015; Szyf and Bick, 2012)}.”
An Integrated Socio-Environmental Model of Health and Well-Being: a Conceptual Framework Exploring the Joint Contribution of Environmental and Social Exposures to Health and Disease Over the Life Span
Alvarez, H. A. O., Appleton, A. A., Fuller, C. H., Belcourt, A., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2018) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-018-0191-2 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“To this end, we recently proposed a broad framework that accounts for a wide range of overlapping social and environmental exposures across the lifespan and delineates underlying biobehavioral pathways that lead to chronic illness (Olvera Alvarez et al., 2018).”
Self-citation
Adverse childhood experiences and autonomic regulation in response to acute stress: the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Winzeler, K., Voellmin, A., Hug, E., Kirmse, U., Helmig, S., Princip, M., Cajochen, C., Bader, K., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2016) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2016.1238076 · Cited by 56 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Notably, NF-κB signaling is central to the human inflammatory machinery and can also be activated by toll-like receptor ligands of LPS (some of which can be attached to PM), hypoxic condition, and TNF-α.”
Influential
The Role of Non-Chemical Stressors in Mediating Socioeconomic Susceptibility to Environmental Chemicals
Clougherty, J. E., Shmool, J. L. C., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2014) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-014-0031-y · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intersection of Stress, Social Disadvantage, and Life Course Processes: Reframing Trauma and Mental Health
Nurius, P. S., Uehara, E. S., & Zatzick, D. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/15487768.2013.789688 · Cited by 54 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, the effects of severe early life stressors that cause repeated biological stress responses or prolonged biological dysregulation, such as poverty, abuse, neglect, isolation, discrimination, humiliation, or violence, appear to be particularly deleterious for lifespan health (Goodman et al., 2005; Horwitz, 200…”

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Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span
Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E., Carrera-Bastos, P., Targ, S., Franceschi, C., Ferrucci, L., Gilroy, D. W., Fasano, A., Miller, G. W., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 · Cited by 4,915 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Safety Theory: A Biologically Based Evolutionary Perspective on Life Stress, Health, and Behavior
Slavich, G. M. (2020) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045159 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications
Lawrance, E. L., Thompson, R., Newberry Le Vay, J., Page, L., & Jennings, N. (2022) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Bi metal prevents the deactivation of oxygen vacancies in Bi2O2CO3 for stable and efficient photocatalytic NO abatement
Chen, P., Liu, H., Sun, Y., Li, J., Cui, W. Q., Liao, W., Zhang, W., Yuan, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., et al. (2019) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118545 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Association of Air Pollution Exposure With Psychotic Experiences During Adolescence
Newbury, J. B., Arseneault, L., Beevers, S. D., Kitwiroon, N., Roberts, S., Pariante, C. M., Kelly, F. J., & Fisher, H. L. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0056 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Liu, F., Chen, G., Huo, W., Wang, C., Liu, S., Li, N., Mao, S., Hou, Y., Lu, Y., & Xiang, H. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.033 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The affective benefits of nature exposure
Bratman, G. N., Olvera‐Alvarez, H. A., & Gross, J. J. (2021) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12630 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Stress triggers flare of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults
Sun, Y., Li, L., Xie, R., Wang, B., Jiang, K., & Cao, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00432 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Comparison of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in rodents and humans: Relevance for symptoms of anxiety and depression
Lasselin, J., Schedlowski, M., Karshikoff, B., Engler, H., Lekander, M., & Konsman, J. P. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.001 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions
Slavich, G. M., Roos, L. G., Mengelkoch, S., Webb, C. A., Shattuck, E. C., Moriarity, D. P., & Alley, J. C. (2023) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2023.2171900 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“As reviewed elsewhere (Olvera Alvarez et al., 2018), ambient air pollution, including ozone, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM), can affect the activity of the social signal transduction pathways underlying Social Safety Theory.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US
Qiu, X., Shi, L., Kubzansky, L. D., Wei, Y., Castro, E., Li, H., Weisskopf, M. G., & Schwartz, J. D. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53668 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychological stress during childhood and adolescence and its association with inflammation across the lifespan: A critical review and meta-analysis.
Chiang, J. J., Lam, P. H., Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2022) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000351 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“We also do not include physical stressors, such as malnutrition, infection, and pollution, because our focus is on psychosocial adversities, and the effects of these exposures on the developing immune system have been reviewed elsewhere (Bhutta et al., 2017; John et al., 2017; Jones et al., 2014; Olvera Alvarez et al.…”
Background
Clinical Ecopsychology: The Mental Health Impacts and Underlying Pathways of the Climate and Environmental Crisis
Thoma, M. V., Rohleder, N., & Rohner, S. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675936 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Impact of Environmental Injustice on Children’s Health—Interaction between Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status
Mathiarasan, S., & Hüls, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020795 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“People of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to face excess air pollution concentrations and, therefore, are more inclined to develop inflammation, which could adversely affect their health [55].”
Background
Stress and Health in Nursing Students
Alvarez, H. A. O., Provencio‐Vasquez, E., Slavich, G. M., Laurent, J. G. C., Browning, M. H. E. M., McKee-Lopez, G., Robbins, L. K., & Spengler, J. D. (2019) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000383 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ambient air pollution and COVID-19 risk: Evidence from 35 observational studies
Zang, S., Luan, J., Li, L., Yu, H.-X., Wu, Q., Chang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112065 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Developing a ratiometric two-photon probe with baseline resolved emissions by through band energy transfer strategy: Tracking mitochondrial SO2 during neuroinflammation
Hu, W., Zeng, L., Zhai, S., Li, C., Feng, W., Yang, F., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119910 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Pediatric Cell Atlas: Defining the Growth Phase of Human Development at Single-Cell Resolution
Taylor, D. M., Aronow, B. J., Tan, K., Bernt, K. M., Salomonis, N., Greene, C. S., Frolova, A., Henrickson, S. E., Wells, A. D., Pei, L., et al. (2019) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Neuroimmunologic cell and tissue responses to lower socioeconomic status, stress, inflammation, and air pollution may be linked to observed health disparities (Olvera Alvarez et al., 2018).”
Background
Maternal autoimmunity and inflammation are associated with childhood tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Transcriptomic data show common enriched innate immune pathways
Jones, H. F., Han, V. X., Patel, S., Gloss, B., Soler, N., Ho, A. C. C., Sharma, S., Kothur, K., Nosadini, M., Wienholt, L. A., et al. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.035 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
An Integrated Socio-Environmental Model of Health and Well-Being: a Conceptual Framework Exploring the Joint Contribution of Environmental and Social Exposures to Health and Disease Over the Life Span
Alvarez, H. A. O., Appleton, A. A., Fuller, C. H., Belcourt, A., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2018) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-018-0191-2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Air pollution and metabolic syndrome risk: Evidence from nine observational studies
Zang, S., Luan, J., Li, L., Wu, Q., Chang, Q., Dai, H., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111546 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Early Life Stress, and Their Interactive Effects on Adolescent Structural Brain Development: A Longitudinal Tensor-Based Morphometry Study
Miller, J. G., Dennis, E. L., Heft‐Neal, S., Jo, B., & Gotlib, I. H. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab346 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Fine Particle Air Pollution and Physiological Reactivity to Social Stress in Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Anxiety and Depression
Miller, J. G., Gillette, J. S., Manczak, E. M., Kircanski, K., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000714 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Dietary fatty acids differentially affect secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human THP-1 monocytes
Hung, H., Tsai, S., Chou, H., Tsai, M., Hsu, P., & Kuo, Y.-M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32710-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Transition Metal‐Based Therapies for Inflammatory Diseases
Song, Y., You, Q., & Chen, X. S. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202212102 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A systematic review of air pollution exposure and brain structure and function during development
Morrel, J., Dong, M., Rosario, M. A., Cotter, D. L., Bottenhorn, K. L., & Herting, M. M. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121368 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Association between genetic and socioenvironmental risk for schizophrenia during upbringing in a UK longitudinal cohort
Newbury, J. B., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Odgers, C. L., Belsky, D. W., Sugden, K., Williams, B., Ambler, A. P., Matthews, T., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720003347 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Long-term PM2.5 exposure and various health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies
Zang, S., Wu, Q., Li, X., Gao, C., Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhang, J., Sun, H. J., Chang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152381 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Associations between plasma inflammatory markers and psychotic disorder, depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder in early adulthood: A nested case-control study
Mongan, D., Susai, S. R., Föcking, M., Byrne, J. F., Zammit, S., Cannon, M. D., & Cotter, D. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.025 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Annual Research Review: Social relationships and the immune system during development
Robles, T. F. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13350 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cytokine profiles in cord blood in relation to prenatal traffic‐related air pollution: The NELA cohort
García‐Serna, A. M., Martín‐Orozco, E., Jiménez‐Guerrero, P., Hernández‐Caselles, T., Pérez‐Fernández, V., Cantero‐Cano, E., Muñoz‐García, M., Molina‐Ruano, M. D., Rojo-Atenza, E., García‐Marcos, L., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13732 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Higher levels of stress and different coping strategies are associated with greater morning and evening fatigue severity in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy
Wright, F., Kober, K. M., Cooper, B. A., Paul, S. M., Conley, Y. P., Hammer, M. J., Levine, J. D., & Miaskowski, C. A. (2020) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-020-05303-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Short-term effects of outdoor air pollution on acute ischaemic stroke occurrence: a case-crossover study in Tianjin, China
Qi, X., Wang, Z., Guo, X., Xia, X., Xue, J., Jiang, G., Gu, Y., Han, S., Yao, Q., Cai, Z., et al. (2020) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2019-106301 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Combined association of multiple chronic diseases and social isolation with the functional disability after stroke in elderly patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China
Liu, X., Yu, H., Gao, Y., Zhou, J., Zhou, M., Wan, L., Xiong, F., Zhao, J., He, Q., & Wang, Y. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02439-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Sharing similar risk factors, including genetic, environmental, social, physiological, and psychosocial factors, was the common one [14, 42].”
Background
The Emerging Spectrum of Early Life Exposure-Related Inflammation and Epigenetic Therapy
Yang, Q., Ali, M. K., Andaloussi, A. E., & Al-Hendy, A. A. (2018) · Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/csmmoj-4-125 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Air pollution is associated with elevated HPA-Axis response to stress in anxious adolescent girls
Miller, J. G., Gillette, J. S., Kircanski, K., LeMoult, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100015 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In fact, continued exposure to air pollution and chronic psychosocial stress affect similar biological processes implicated in health [2], including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning [3].”
BackgroundInfluential
The relationship between air pollutants and maternal socioeconomic factors on preterm birth in California urban counties
Mekonnen, Z. K., Oehlert, J., Eskenazi, B., Shaw, G., Balmes, J., & Padula, A. (2021) · Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-021-00323-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Disadvantaged Early-Life Socioeconomic Circumstances Are Associated With Low Respiratory Function in Older Age
Cheval, B., Chabert, C., Orsholits, D., Sieber, S., Guessous, I., Blane, D., Kliegel, M., Janssens, J.-P., Burton‐Jeangros, C., Pison, C. M., et al. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly177 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Overall, these mechanisms can influence each other and strongly impact postnatal growth and pubertal development, leading to a reduced maximal lung function (13,27).”
Background
Multi-omics in stress and health research: study designs that will drive the field forward
Mengelkoch, S., Gassen, J., Lev‐Ari, S., Alley, J. C., Rose, S. M. S., Snyder, M. P., & Slavich, G. M. (2024) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2024.2321610 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Note: this is not an exhaustive list of all possible sample types, collection kits, or assay methodologies, but rather, one option for each ome. social-environmental adversity is associated with elevated interuekin-6 (il-6) levels (protein information; Olvera Alvarez et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Agent-based approaches for biological modeling in oncology: A literature review
Stephan, S., Galland, S., Labbani, O., Shoji, K., Vachenc, S., Gérart, S., & Nicolle, C. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102884 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Morales, J. S., Valenzuela, P. L., Castillo‐García, A., Butragueño, J., Jiménez‐Pavón, D., Carrera‐Bastos, P., & Lucía, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010024 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“In cold and temperate climates, annual epidemics of influenza and the common cold occur during autumn and winter [22], when there is less sunlight and hence lower levels of vitamin D-stimulating ultraviolet radiation.”
Background
Association between household fuel combustion and diabetes among middle-aged and older adults in China: A cohort study
Liu, Y., Shao, J., Liu, Q., Zhou, W., Huang, R., Zhou, J., Ning, N., Tang, X., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114974 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Carbon Nanotube-Threaded Mesocrystalline CeO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic NO Removal
Xiao, S., Zhang, N., Tao, Y., Song, X., Li, G., Li, H., & Zhang, D. (2022) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.1c04210 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lung-Based, Exosome Inhibition Mediates Systemic Impacts Following Particulate Matter Exposure
Lopez, K., Camacho, A., Jacquez, Q., Amistadi, M. K., Medina, S., & Zychowski, K. E. (2022) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics10080457 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Early Life Stress and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence: Implications for Risk and Adaptation
Miller, J. G., Chahal, R., & Gotlib, I. H. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_302 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…ELS and brain development have considered pollutants, despite recent calls for more research both on the effects of pollutants on psychological development (Trentacosta et al. 2016) and on the joint, synergistic effects of ELS and pollutants on neurobiology and health (Olvera Alvarez et al. 2018).”
Background
Impacts of social and environmental perceptions on preparedness and knowledge of air pollution risk: A study of adolescent males in an urbanized, high-density city
Ho, H. C., Wong, P. P. Y., & Guo, C. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102678 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Nature-based solutions and mental health
Kabisch, N., Basu, S., van den Bosch, M. A., Bratman, G. N., & Masztalerz, O. (2023) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781800376762.00019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Anti‐inflammatory effects of rhaponticin on LPS‐induced human endothelial cells through inhibition of MAPK/NF‐κβ signaling pathways
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Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network: Can Physical Environmental Stressors Drive Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Risks?
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“In unadjusted models, consistent with prior theories [5, 6, 9, 10], among adolescents with 12-month average O3 exposure greater than 48.”
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“…inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract resulting in increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, and of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) following into the circulatory system inducing low-grade peripheral inflammation (see Figure 3) (Olvera et al., 2018).”
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Self-citation

Authors: Olvera Alvarez, H. A., Kubzansky, L. D., Campen, M. J., & Slavich, G. M.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
University of New Mexico (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID: Olvera Alvarez, Hector A.
Kubzansky, Laura D.
Campen, Matthew J.
Slavich, George M.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-09
Volume: 92
Pages: 226-242
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002
PMC: PMC6082389
OpenAlex: W2805640433
Cited by: 133
References: 226
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 1.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 295 d)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Branco Weiss Fellowship â Society in Science
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES014639, 3R01ES014639-09S1)
National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (23958)
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (K08 MH103443)
National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
Keywords: early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, social deprivation, health disparities, neuroimmunology, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depression, cancer, lifespan health, multi-level model
MeSH terms: Air Pollution, Humans, Inflammation, Longevity, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Models, Immunological

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Early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, and disease: An integrative review and immunologic model of social-environmental adversity and lifespan health

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