Strong reversible Fe 3+ -mediated bridging between dopa-containing protein films in water
Open accessAbstract
Metal-containing polymer networks are widespread in biology, particularly for load-bearing exoskeletal biomaterials. Mytilus byssal cuticle is an especially interesting case containing moderate levels of Fe 3+ and cuticle protein—mussel foot protein-1 (mfp-1), which has a peculiar combination of high hardness and high extensibility. Mfp-1, containing 13 mol % of dopa (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) side-chains, is highly positively charged polyelectrolyte (pI ∼ 10) and didn’t show any cohesive tendencies in previous surface forces apparatus (SFA) studies. Here, we show that Fe 3+ ions can mediate unusually strong interactions between the positively charged proteins. Using an SFA, Fe 3+ was observed to impart robust bridging ( W ad ≈ 4.3 mJ/m 2 ) between two noninteracting mfp-1 films in aqueous buffer approaching the ionic strength of seawater. The Fe 3+ bridging between the mfp-1-coated surfaces is fully reversible in water, increasing with contact time and iron concentration up to 10 μM; at 100 μM, Fe 3+ bridging adhesion is abolished. Bridging is apparently due to the formation of multivalent dopa-iron complexes. Similar Fe-mediated bridging ( W ad ≈ 5.7 mJ/m 2 ) by a smaller recombinant dopa-containing analogue indicates that bridging is largely independent of molecular weight and posttranslational modifications other than dopa. The results suggest that dopa-metal interactions may provide an energetic new paradigm for engineering strong, self-healing interactions between polymers under water.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When the ratio of catechol to Fe3+ is high (the amount of Fe3+ is low), catechol and Fe3+ are prone to forming more tri-complexes.
“When the ratio of catechol to Fe3+ is high (the amount of Fe3+ is low), catechol and Fe3+ are prone to forming more tri-complexes [63,64].”
From Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Metals and the Integrity of a Biological Coating: The Cuticle of Mussel Byssus
Holten-Andersen, N., Mates, T. E., Toprak, M. S., Stucky, G. D., Zok, F. W., & Waite, J. H. (2009) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la8027012 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- [1]Whittell GR, Manners I. Metallopolymers: New multifunctional materials. Adv Mater. 2007;19:3439–3468. [Google Scholar]
- [2]Lee SM, et al. Greatly increased toughness of infiltrated spider silk. Science. 2009;324:488–492. doi: 10.1126/science.1168162. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [3]Broomell CC, et al. Mineral minimization in nature’s alternative teeth. J R Soc Interface. 2007;4:19–31. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [4]Lichtenegger HC, Birkedal H, Waite JH. Heavy metals in the jaws of invertebrates. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO, editors. Biomineralizatiom. From Nature to Application. Vol. 4. Chichester, UK: 2008. pp. 213–259. (Metal Ions in Life Sciences). [Google Scholar]
- [5]Holten-Andersen N, Fantner GE, Hohlbauch S, Waite JH, Zok FW. Protective coatings on extensible biofibres. Nat Mater. 2007;6:669–672. doi: 10.1038/nmat1956. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [7]Deacon MP, Davis SS, Waite JH, Harding SE. Structure and mucoadhesion of mussel glue protein in dilute solution. Biochemistry. 1998;37:14108–14112. doi: 10.1021/bi9806192. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [8]Taylor SW, Waite JH, Ross MM, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF. Trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxyproline, a new naturally-occurring amino-acid, is the 6th residue in the tandemly repeated consensus decapeptides of an adhesive protein from Mytilus-edulis. J Am Chem Soc. 1994;116:10803–10804. [Google Scholar]
- [9]Taylor SW, Chase DB, Emptage MH, Nelson MJ, Waite JH. Ferric ion complexes of a dopa-containing adhesive protein from Mytilus edulis. Inorg Chem. 1996;35:7572–7577. [Google Scholar]
- [10]Taylor SW, Luther GW, Waite JH. Polarographic and spectrophotometric investigation of iron(III) complexation to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-containing peptides and proteins from Mytilus-edulis. Inorg Chem. 1994;33:5819–5824. [Google Scholar]
- [11]Harrington MJ, Masic A, Holten-Andersen N, Waite JH, Fratzl P. Iron-clad fibers: A metal-based biological strategy for hard flexible coatings. Science. 2010;328:216–220. doi: 10.1126/science.1181044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [12]Holm RH, Kennepohl P, Solomon EI. Structural and functional aspects of metal sites in biology. Chem Rev. 1996;96:2239–2314. doi: 10.1021/cr9500390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [13]Israelachvili JN, Adams GE. Measurement of forces between 2 mica surfaces in aqueous-electrolyte solutions in range 0–100 nm. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans. 1978;74:975–1001. [Google Scholar]
- [14]Helm CA, Knoll W, Israelachvili JN. Measurement of ligand receptor interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:8169–8173. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.18.8169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [15]Lin Q, et al. Adhesion mechanisms of the mussel foot proteins mfp-1 and mfp-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:3782–3786. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607852104. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [16]Monahan J, Wilker JJ. Specificity of metal ion cross-linking in marine mussel adhesives. Chem Commun. 2003;14:1672–1673. doi: 10.1039/b301052j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [17]Schneider C, et al. Microsurface potential measurements: Repulsive forces between polyelectrolyte brushes in the presence of multivalent counterions. Langmuir. 2008;24:10612–10615. doi: 10.1021/la802303z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [18]Haemers S, van der Leeden MC, Frens G. Coil dimensions of the mussel adhesive protein Mefp-1. Biomaterials. 2005;26:1231–1236. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [19]Lee H, Scherer NF, Messersmith PB. Single-molecule mechanics of mussel adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:12999–13003. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605552103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [20]Karpishin TB, Gebhard MS, Solomon EI, Raymond KN. Spectroscopic studies of the electronic-structure of iron(III) tris(catecholates) J Am Chem Soc. 1991;113:2977–2984. [Google Scholar]
- [21]Zeng H, Maeda N, Chen NH, Tirrell M, Israelachvili J. Adhesion and friction of polystyrene surfaces around Tg. Macromolecules. 2006;39:2350–2363. [Google Scholar]
- [22]Leckband D. Beyond structure: Mechanism and dynamics of intercellular adhesion. Biochem Soc Trans. 2008;36:213–220. doi: 10.1042/BST0360213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [23]Sivasankar S, Brieher W, Lavrik N, Gumbiner B, Leckband D. Direct molecular force measurements of multiple adhesive interactions between cadherin ectodomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:11820–11824. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.21.11820. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [24]Avdeef A, Sofen SR, Bregante TL, Raymond KN. Coordination chemistry of microbial iron transport compounds. 9. Stability-constants for catechol models of enterobactin. J Am Chem Soc. 1978;100:5362–5370. [Google Scholar]
- [25]Waite JH, Tanzer ML. Polyphenolic substance of Mytilus edulis: Novel adhesive containing L-dopa and hydroxyproline. Science. 1981;212:1038–1040. doi: 10.1126/science.212.4498.1038. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [26]Israelachvili JN. Intermolecular and Surface Forces. 2nd Ed. London: Academic; 1992. pp. 213–259. [Google Scholar]
- [27]Johnson KL, Kendall K, Roberts AD. Surface energy and contact of elastic solids. Proc R Soc Lon Ser-A. 1971;324:301–313. [Google Scholar]
- [28]Holten-Andersen N, Zhao H, Waite JH. Stiff coatings on compliant biofibers: The cuticle of Mytilus californianus byssal threads. Biochemistry. 2009;48:2752–2759. doi: 10.1021/bi900018m. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [29]Taylor SW. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of peptidyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine for structure-activity relationships in marine invertebrate polypeptides. Anal Biochem. 2002;302:70–74. doi: 10.1006/abio.2001.5522. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mussel-Inspired Adhesives and Coatings
Lee, B. P., Messersmith, P. B., Israelachvili, J. N., & Waite, J. H. (2011) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-062910-100429 · Cited by 1,668 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological materials: Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs
Chen, P.-Y., McKittrick, J., & Meyers, M. A. (2012) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.03.001 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Recent progress in synthesis and application of mussel-inspired adhesives
Guo, Q., Chen, J., Wang, J., Zeng, H., & Yu, J. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c9nr09780e · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, Y., Torabi, S.-F., Lake, R. J., Hong, S., Yu, Z., Wu, P., Yang, Z., Nelson, K., Guo, W., Pawel, G. T., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade7622 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Recent advances in tannic acid-based gels: Design, properties, and applications
Tang, Z., Chowdhury, I. F., Yang, J., Li, S., Mondal, A. K., & Wu, H. (2025) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2025.103425 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Dou, W., Zeng, X., Zhu, S., Zhu, Y., Liu, H., & Li, S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25169100 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Environment-dependent adhesive behaviors of mussel-inspired coordinate-crosslinked bioadhesives
Li, S., Chen, N., Li, Y., Zhao, J., Hou, X., & Yuan, X. (2020) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.201900620 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Lu, W., Shen, S., & Wei, L. (2021) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-021-04258-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zeng, H., Hwang, D. S., Israelachvili, J. N., & Waite, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Materials Research Laboratory, and
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-07-06
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 29
- Pages
- 12850-12853
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2919964
- OpenAlex
- W2024486172
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 11.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DMR05- 20415)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE018468, R01DE015415)
- Division of Materials Research (DMR-0520415)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Keywords
- DOPA, polyelectrolyte films, reversible adhesion, biomimetic biomaterials, surface force apparatus
- MeSH terms
- Adhesiveness, Aluminum Silicates, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Dihydroxyphenylalanine, Iron, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Water, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Mytilus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review