Mussel-Inspired Adhesives and Coatings
Open accessAbstract
Mussels attach to solid surfaces in the sea. Their adhesion must be rapid, strong, and tough, or else they will be dislodged and dashed to pieces by the next incoming wave. Given the dearth of synthetic adhesives for wet polar surfaces, much effort has been directed to characterizing and mimicking essential features of the adhesive chemistry practiced by mussels. Studies of these organisms have uncovered important adaptive strategies that help to circumvent the high dielectric and solvation properties of water that typically frustrate adhesion. In a chemical vein, the adhesive proteins of mussels are heavily decorated with Dopa, a catecholic functionality. Various synthetic polymers have been functionalized with catechols to provide diverse adhesive, sealant, coating, and anchoring properties, particularly for critical biomedical applications.
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Adhesive proteins share common sequence patterns that offer valuable insights into designing underwater adhesives.
“Despite their diversity, these proteins share common sequence patterns that offer valuable insights into designing underwater adhesives22.”
From Data-driven de novo design of super-adhesive hydrogels (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
Section 3.3.2 (page not specified) says the plaque proteins all contain Dopa and have high isoelectric points, but 'otherwise have widely different sequences'—contrary to the claim that they share common sequence patterns. Section 4.1 supports using these proteins to inspire wet-adhesive design, but not the asserted shared sequence patterns. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the proteins on the surface of mussel adhesive plaques (Mfps 3 and Mfps 5), the DOPA contents reach 20% and 28%, respectively.
“In the proteins on the surface of mussel adhesive plaques (Mfps 3 and Mfps 5), the contents of DOPA are higher and reach 20% and 28%, respectively [8].”
From Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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Self-citationHalogenated DOPA in a Marine Adhesive Protein
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Self-citationAdhesive studies of synthetic polypeptides: A model for marine adhesive proteins
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Sessile animals of the sea shore
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First Prize: Novel Uropathogen-Resistant Coatings Inspired by Marine Mussels
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Biological materials: Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs
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Adaptive synergy between catechol and lysine promotes wet adhesion by surface salt displacement
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Self-citationBioinspired Underwater Adhesives
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Adjacent cationic–aromatic sequences yield strong electrostatic adhesion of hydrogels in seawater
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Recent progress in synthesis and application of mussel-inspired adhesives
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Design principles for creating synthetic underwater adhesives
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“Despite their diversity, these proteins share common sequence patterns that offer valuable insights into designing underwater adhesives 22 .”
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Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Dou, W., Zeng, X., Zhu, S., Zhu, Y., Liu, H., & Li, S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25169100 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“In the proteins on the surface of mussel adhesive plaques (Mfps 3 and Mfps 5), the contents of DOPA are higher and reach 20% and 28%, respectively [8].”
BackgroundLiu, X., Yang, X., Yang, Z., Luo, J., Tian, X., Liu, K., Kou, S., & Sun, F. (2018) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.8b00077 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Lee, B. P., Messersmith, P. B., Israelachvili, J. N., & Waite, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Materials Research
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-08-04
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-132
- ISSN
- 1531-7331 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4118
- PMC
- PMC3207216
- OpenAlex
- W2144633240
- Cited by
- 1,668
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 164 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 139 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Materials Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE018468)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions
- Keywords
- mussel-inspired adhesives, mussel adhesive proteins, catechol, DOPA, bioinspired polymers, wet adhesion, polar surfaces, surface coating, sealants, anchoring, biomedical applications, biomimetic adhesion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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