The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Effects of oxytocin on recollections of maternal care and closeness
Open accessAbstract
Although the infant–caregiver attachment bond is critical to survival, little is known about the biological mechanisms supporting attachment representations in humans. Oxytocin plays a key role in attachment bond formation and maintenance in animals and thus could be expected to affect attachment representations in humans. To investigate this possibility, we administered 24 IU intranasal oxytocin to healthy male adults in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study and then assessed memories of childhood maternal care and closeness—two features of the attachment bond. We found that the effects of oxytocin were moderated by the attachment representations people possess, with less anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo) but more anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as less caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo). These data contrast with the popular notion that oxytocin has broad positive effects on social perception and are more consistent with the animal literature, which emphasizes oxytocin's role in encoding social memories and linking those memories to the reward value of the social stimulus.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 24 IU intranasal oxytocin in healthy men, oxytocin did not broadly improve recollections of childhood maternal care and closeness. Instead, attachment anxiety moderated the effect: less anxious men recalled their mother more positively after oxytocin, while more anxious men recalled her less positively.
Key findings
- Oxytocin had no main effect on change in maternal care ratings [b = 0.02, t(26) = 0.22, nonsignificant] or maternal closeness ratings [b = −0.03, t(26) = −0.17, ns].
- Attachment anxiety significantly predicted oxytocin-vs-placebo change in maternal care [b = −0.12, t(26) = −2.16, P < 0.05] and maternal closeness [b = −0.45, t(26) = −2.95, P < 0.01]: less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin, whereas more anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as less caring and close.
- Avoidance and the anxiety × avoidance interaction did not predict change in maternal care (all ts < 1.7) or maternal closeness (all ts < 1.4).
- Oxytocin did not affect self-esteem, current attachment, closeness to participants’ closest current relationship partner, or state mood (all ts < 1 or ≤ 1), and participants were unaware of drug condition [54.84% receiving placebo and 45.16% receiving oxytocin; χ²(2, n = 62) = 1.42, ns].
Methods
- Participants were 31 medication-free, healthy men aged 19–45 y (mean, 27.06 y; SD, 7.05 y; median, 25 y) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial; they received 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or matching placebo on two occasions 3–5 wk apart.
- Baseline measures included the Experience in Close Relationships scale for adult attachment and the Profile of Mood States; approximately 90 min after oxytocin/placebo, recollections of maternal care were assessed with the Parental Bonding Instrument and maternal closeness with the Inclusion of Other in the Self scale.
- Main analyses used regression with mean-centered attachment anxiety, mean-centered avoidance, their interaction, and drug administration order to predict change scores calculated as oxytocin-day ratings minus placebo-day ratings.
Limitations
- The paper states that it cannot conclusively determine whether oxytocin increases accuracy of maternal recollections because it lacks information about participants’ attachment style to their mother in childhood, which would be needed for a true accuracy index.
- The paper states that participants were men, so future research is needed to confirm whether findings generalize to women; it also notes possible measurement issues for current attachment because it assessed general rather than mother-specific attachment.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (31 men; regression df = 26), and maternal recollections were retrospective self-reports without independent verification of childhood maternal care or closeness.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
16 Own result · 13 Sources not found · 7 Own method · 4 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“remembered being closer to their mother (Fig. 2, left side) when they received oxytocin compared with when they received placebo”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“paired-samples t tests comparing change in state mood (i.e., postoxytocin/placebo mood ratings vs. baseline mood ratings) in the oxytocin and placebo conditions showed no effects of drug on change in anxiety, anger, depression, confusion, fatigue, or vigor (all ts < 1, ns).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither avoidance nor the anxiety × avoidance interaction predicted change in maternal care (all ts < 1.7)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or change in maternal closeness ratings [b = −0.03, t(26) = −0.17, ns].”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and change in maternal closeness ratings for oxytocin vs. placebo [b = −0.45, t(26) = −2.95, P < 0.01].”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither avoidance nor the anxiety × avoidance interaction predicted change in maternal care (all ts < 1.7)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results showed no main effect of oxytocin on change in maternal care ratings [b = 0.02, t(26) = 0.22, nonsignificant (ns)]”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“attachment anxiety significantly predicted change in maternal care ratings for oxytocin vs. placebo [b = −0.12, t(26) = −2.16, P < 0.05]”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring (Fig. 1, left side)”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or change in maternal closeness (all ts < 1.4) ratings.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 7
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no effects of drug, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, or the anxiety × avoidance interaction on change in self-esteem (all ts < 1), current attachment (all ts ≤ 1), or perceptions of closeness to participants’ closest current relationship partner (all ts < 1).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analyses like those described above revealed no effects of drug, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, or the anxiety × avoidance interaction on change in self-esteem (all ts < 1)”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no effects of drug, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, or the anxiety × avoidance interaction on change in self-esteem (all ts < 1), current attachment (all ts ≤ 1), or perceptions of closeness to participants’ closest current relationship partner (all ts < 1).”
plainn = 62- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drug/placebo administration order was counterbalanced, and participants and experimenters were blind to drug condition (the Mount Sinai School of Medicine pharmacy oversaw packaging, storage, and dispensation of study drug and placebo, maintained drug accountability, and assigned randomization codes to study participants).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A working hypothesis is that social contact triggers the release of oxytocin; oxytocin then orients attention to social stimuli and facilitates the encoding of social memories along with the hedonic value of the social stimulus (via interactions with the dopamine system) so that attachment bonds are formed with social but not nonsocial objects (6, 9).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The attachment representation formed as a function of the infant–caregiver relationship then becomes an “interpretative filter” through which new relationships are meaningfully understood and construed (2, 3, 13), although it is clear that subsequent interpersonal experiences can modify people's attachment representations.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Eligible participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Experience in Close Relationships scale (ECR) (27), a widely used and highly reliable self-report measure of adult attachment.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drug/placebo administration order was counterbalanced, and participants and experimenters were blind to drug condition (the Mount Sinai School of Medicine pharmacy oversaw packaging, storage, and dispensation of study drug and placebo, maintained drug accountability, and assigned randomization codes to study participants).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in which adult male participants received 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or a matching placebo on two occasions (3–5 wk apart).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A working hypothesis is that social contact triggers the release of oxytocin; oxytocin then orients attention to social stimuli and facilitates the encoding of social memories along with the hedonic value of the social stimulus (via interactions with the dopamine system) so that attachment bonds are formed with social but not nonsocial objects (6, 9).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Not matched
In the paper
“[Indeed, a recent meta-analysis found that infant and adult attachment styles are typically only moderately correlated (Pearson r = 0.27), indicating that there is both stability and change in attachment representations over time (14).]”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“These observations are striking given that maternal recollections like those assessed here are thought to be fairly stable (16).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“data suggest that global and relationship-specific measures tap distinguishable constructs that are modestly correlated (26).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Although there is some evidence that oxytocin facilitates accurate memory for faces in humans (17–19), we cannot conclusively say whether oxytocin increases people's accuracy here because we do not have information about participants’ attachment style to their mother in childhood, which would be needed for a true index of accuracy.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“theory (3) and empirical work (25) suggest that attachment representations are hierarchically organized, with episodic memories of specific attachment interactions at the bottom, representations of relationship “kinds” in the middle, and more general attachment representations at the top.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Attachment anxiety is theorized to be rooted in early experiences with a caregiver who inconsistently responds to the infant's bids for protection and nurturance; in response, the infant becomes anxious, preoccupied with securing the caregiver's love and attention, and fearful of abandonment.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drug/placebo administration order was counterbalanced, and participants and experimenters were blind to drug condition (the Mount Sinai School of Medicine pharmacy oversaw packaging, storage, and dispensation of study drug and placebo, maintained drug accountability, and assigned randomization codes to study participants).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin increases oxytocin availability in the brain.
“We investigated whether oxytocin is involved in human attachment representations by manipulating the availability of oxytocin in the brain and assessing the effects of oxytocin on recollections of childhood maternal care and closeness—two key features of the attachment bond.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In line with this view, a study by Unkelbach, Guastella, and Forgas [68] showed that male participants were quicker to identify positively-valenced stimuli associated with bonding and relationships when operating under the influence of oxytocin compared to a placebo.”
From Could intranasal oxytocin be used to enhance relationships? Research imperatives, clinical policy, and ethical considerations (2013) · cites this paper as [68]
In the citing paper
“Likewise, exogenous OXT can have anxiogenic effects in humans exposed to social stimuli (Bartz et al., 2010; Striepens et al., 2012; Grillon et al., 2013; MacDonald et al., 2013).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Additionally, in humans, exogenously administered oxytocin enhances the encoding of social memory, both of positive [30] and negative [31] events, suggesting that higher oxytocin levels improve memorization of social interactions.”
From Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Notably, the effects of OXT IN appear to be influenced by the attachment representations people possess.Less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring and close after OXT IN , but the opposite effect was observed for more anxiously attached individuals (53).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“intranasal administration of OT increases the links between social memories and reward in mothers (41)”
From Neuroendocrinology of Parental Response to Baby‐Cry (2011) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“However, recent studies indicate that the beneficial effects of oxytocin are more nuanced than previously thought (Bartz et al., 2010;De Dreu et al., 2010;Van IJzendoorn et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“However, some previous studies have shown stronger OT effects in more socially adapted individuals such as those with low attachment anxiety (53) or low social anxiety (54).”
From Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“The studies, showing stronger OT effects in well-adapted individuals, used social-oriented trait measurement, such as the attachment anxiety scale that measured the attachment bond between participants and their parents (53).”
From Distinct oxytocin effects on belief updating in response to desirable and undesirable feedback (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“while more anxiously attached men remember their mother as less caring and close after OT (vs. placebo) (Bartz et al., 2010)”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“less anxiously attached, healthy men remember their mother as more caring and close after OT (vs. placebo)”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Bartz et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“However, opposite effects of OT administration on attachment have also been found: anxiously attached healthy males remembered their mother as less caring after OT administration, compared with placebo (Bartz et al, 2010).”
From Intranasal oxytocin administration dampens amygdala reactivity towards emotional faces in male and female PTSD patients (2016) · cites this paper as Bartz et al, 2010
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentt(26) = -0.17reported n.s. · recomputed p = .866
“t(26) = −0.17, ns”
- Consistentt(26) = -2.16reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .040
“t(26) = −2.16, p < .05”
- Consistentt(26) = -2.95reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .007
“t(26) = −2.95, p < .01”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
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Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.2.226 · Cited by 6,009
Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change
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Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x · Cited by 3,788
Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690
Attachment theory and close relationships
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A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: dynamics of willpower
Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.1.3 · Cited by 2,931
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- J Bowlby Attachment and Loss, Volume 1. Attachment (Basic Books, New York, 1969).
- DM McNair, M Lorr, LF Dropplemanm EdiITS Manual for the Profile of Mood States (Educational & Industrial Testing Service, San Diego, CA, 1992).
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Ferreira, A. C., & Osório, F. D. L. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110561 · Cited by 50
Comparative and developmental perspectives on oxytocin and vasopressin.
Bales, K. L. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14250-002 · Cited by 40
“On the other hand, in subsets of the population, intranasal OT can have the opposite effects (Bartz et al., 2010a; Bartz et al., 2010b).”
BackgroundThe Role of Intranasal Oxytocin in the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Berardis, D. D., Marini, S., Iasevoli, F., Tomasetti, C., de Bartolomeis, A., Mazza, M., Valchera, A., Fornaro, M., Cavuto, M., Srinivasan, V., et al. (2013) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527311312020012 · Cited by 39
Something to talk about: Gossip increases oxytocin levels in a near real-life situation
Brondino, N., Fusar‐Poli, L., & Politi, P. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.014 · Cited by 39
Attachment representation modulates oxytocin effects on the processing of own-child faces in fathers
Waller, C., Wittfoth, M., Fritzsche, K., Timm, L., Wittfoth, D., Rottler, E., Heinrichs, M., Buchheim, A., Kiefer, M., & Gündel, H. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.003 · Cited by 38
Kim, S., & Strathearn, L. (2017) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.2016.1277897 · Cited by 38
“Some reports show that OT administration leads to increased negative social emotions (ShamayTsoory et al. 2009), decreased memories of care and closeness (Bartz et al. 2010), and reduced trust (Bartz, Simeon, et al. 2011; Ebert et al. 2013) in individuals with early trauma or stress.”
BackgroundSamuel, S., Hayton, B. C., Gold, I., Feeley, N., Carter, C. S., & Zelkowitz, P. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1029951 · Cited by 37
“Attachment style moderated the effects of exogenous OT administration on memories of maternal care (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundFrom Oxytocin to Compassion: The Saliency of Distress
Kucerova, B., Levit‐Binnun, N., Gordon, I., & Golland, Y. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12020183 · Cited by 36
Milrod, B. L., Altemus, M. M., Gross, C., Busch, F. N., Silver, G. H., Christos, P. J., Stieber, J., & Schneier, F. R. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.01.004 · Cited by 36
Oxytocin and parenting behavior among impoverished mothers with low vs. high early life stress
Julian, M. M., Rosenblum, K. L., Doom, J. R., Leung, C. Y. Y., Lumeng, J. C., Cruz, M. G., Vázquez, D. M., & Miller, A. L. (2017) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0798-6 · Cited by 34
“…low-risk samples, oxytocin may be associated with more negative affect and behavior among higher-risk samples such as anxiously attached individuals (Bartz et al. 2010), individuals with borderline personality disorder (Bartz et al. 2011a), and mothers with postnatal depression (Mah et al. 2013).”
Oxytocin and social salience: a call for gene-environment interaction research
Tabak, B. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00199 · Cited by 34
“…2012; but see, Neumann et al., 2013), a developing theme in human oxytocin research is that early environmental experiences and/or attachment styles appear to moderate the effects of oxytocin administration (Bartz et al., 2010, 2011a; van IJzendoorn et al., 2011; De Dreu, 2012a; Riem et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBeyond romance: Neural and genetic correlates of altruism in pair-bonds.
Acevedo, B. P., Poulin, M. J., & Brown, L. L. (2019) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000293 · Cited by 35
“Thus, a number of human functional MRI (fMRI) studies have used this experimental approach for hormone delivery to examine OT’s role in empathy, altruism, negative emotion, social reward, and parenting (Bartz et al., 2010; Groppe et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2016; Riem et al., 2011).”
Oxytocin reduces food sharing in capuchin monkeys by modulating social distance
Brosnan, S. F., Talbot, C. F., Essler, J. L., Leverett, K., Flemming, T., Dougall, P., Heyler, C., & Zak, P. J. (2015) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003268 · Cited by 30
Mizuki, R., & Fujiwara, T. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00138 · Cited by 30
“Since OT concentration may influence memory retrieval and self-perception, people with higher OT concentrations might have reported maltreatment history more frequently than those with lower OT concentration (Bartz et al., 2010; Cardoso et al., 2012).”
BackgroundOxytocinergic regulation of endogenous as well as drug-induced mood
Broadbear, J. H., Kabel, D., Tracy, L. M., & Mak, P. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.002 · Cited by 30
“These findings fit an emerging theme in the attachment literature also, with evidence that individuals who are less securely attached and more self-critical may experience the pro-social effects of oxytocin in a less positive manner (Rockliff et al., 2011; Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundA Neural Model of Empathic States in Attachment-Based Psychotherapy
Cittern, D., & Edalat, A. (2017) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.1162/cpsy_a_00006 · Cited by 30
“, 2011), and appears to amplify pre-existing interpersonal schemas (Olff et al., 2013; Bartz et al., 2010) making it unsuitable as a treatment for many attachment-related disorders.”
BackgroundOxytocin and the emergence of individual differences in the social regulation of stress
Chen, F. S., Heinrichs, M., & Johnson, S. C. (2017) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12332 · Cited by 31
“Oxytocin release, perhaps by influencing the relative accessibility of positive versus negative social memories about one's attachment figures (Bartz et al., 2010), seems to be capable of temporarily altering expectations about relationships.”
BackgroundOxytozin: Evidenz für ein therapeutisches Potenzial des sozialen Neuromodulators
Eckstein, M., & Hurlemann, R. (2013) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3832-6 · Cited by 28
Razo, R. A., Berger, T., Conley, A. J., Freeman, S. M., Goetze, L. R., Jacob, S., Lawrence, R. H., Mendoza, S. P., Rothwell, E. S., Savidge, L. E., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104494 · Cited by 31
“, 2005), improved empathic accuracy (Bartz et al., 2010), while others have found null results (Tabak et al.”
BackgroundResultActivation of septal OXTr neurons induces anxiety- but not depressive-like behaviors
Huang, T., Guan, F., Licinio, J., Wong, M., & Yang, Y. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01283-y · Cited by 28
Weinstein, T. A. R., Bales, K. L., Maninger, N., Hostetler, C. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00295 · Cited by 27
“Keywords: affiliation, friendship, oxytocin, rhesus macaque, social behavior, vasopressin”
BackgroundAlmeida, D. M., Fiori, L. M., Chen, G. G., Aouabed, Z., Lutz, P.-É., Zhang, T., Mechawar, N., Meaney, M. J., & Turecki, G. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105600 · Cited by 28
Fulford, D., Treadway, M. T., & Woolley, J. D. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000320 · Cited by 26
“As done in Bartz et al. (Bartz et al., 2010), we group-mean centered the ECR Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance scales and examined their associations (including their interaction) with difference in vigor on the SVT between OT and placebo days, and between social and points-only trials.”
InfluentialPotential for oxytocin use in children and adolescents with mental illness
Netherton, E., & Schatte, D. J. (2011) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1212 · Cited by 24
Hirosawa, T., Kikuchi, M., Higashida, H., Okumura, E., Ueno, S., Shitamichi, K., Yoshimura, Y., Munesue, T., Tsubokawa, T., Haruta, Y., et al. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00384 · Cited by 25
Nonapeptides mediate trade-offs in parental care strategy
DeAngelis, R., Dodd, L., & Rhodes, J. S. (2020) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104717 · Cited by 24
Straccia, M. A., Teed, A. R., Katzman, P. L., Tan, K. M., Parrish, M. H., Irwin, M. R., Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Tabak, B. A. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721004104 · Cited by 25
“In line with these findings, studies with healthy samples have found OT enhanced performance on social tasks among individuals with lower levels of self-reported social cognitive ability (Bartz et al., 2010, 2019; Feeser et al., 2015; Luminet et al., 2011; Radke & de Bruijn, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultMiyazaki, S., Hiraoka, Y., Hidema, S., & Nishimori, K. (2016) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.109 · Cited by 25
Personality is tightly coupled to vasopressin-oxytocin neuron activity in a gregarious finch
Kelly, A. M., & Goodson, J. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00055 · Cited by 24
Zhang, B., Nakata, M., Nakae, J., Ogawa, W., & Yada, T. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28816-w · Cited by 24
Bhandari, R., van der Veen, R., Parsons, C. E., Young, K. S., Voorthuis, A., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Stein, A. L., Kringelbach, M. L., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.932307 · Cited by 23
“…findings showing effects of oxytocin in groups with positive childhood experiences (Huffmeijer, Alink, Tops, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Van IJzendoorn, 2012; see also Bakermans-Kranenburg & Van IJzendoorn, 2013; and Bartz et al., 2010), we did not specify a direction for this secondary hypothesis.”
InfluentialPerceived Closeness to Multiple Social Connections and Attachment Style
Lee, J., & Gillath, O. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616644963 · Cited by 23
“This may be because anxious people have been shown to exhibit ambivalence toward close figures (e.g., Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundThe Serotonin Transporter and Emotionality: Risk, Resilience, and New Therapeutic Opportunities
Murrough, J. W., & Charney, D. S. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.019 · Cited by 23
Oxytocin increases eye gaze in schizophrenia
Bradley, E. R., Seitz, A., Niles, A. N., Rankin, K. P., Mathalon, D. H., O'Donovan, A., & Woolley, J. D. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.039 · Cited by 22
“The fact that attachment anxiety predicted oxytocin response further supports the endogenous oxytocin system’s role in moderating the effect of exogenous oxytocin (Bartz et al., 2010; Mitchell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelectivity and Sociality: Aggression and Affiliation Shape Vole Social Relationships
Lee, N. S., & Beery, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.826831 · Cited by 25
Helfrecht, C., Hagen, E. H., DeAvila, D. M., Bernstein, R. M., Dira, S. J., & Meehan, C. L. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23090 · Cited by 21
Grumi, S., Saracino, A., Volling, B. L., & Provenzi, L. (2021) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22116 · Cited by 22
Oxytocin Enhances Social Persuasion during Hypnosis
Bryant, R. A., & Hung, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060711 · Cited by 20
“Third, recent evidence suggests that oxytocin increases sensitivity to social cues generally [24,31].”
BackgroundWagner, U., & Echterhoff, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00349 · Cited by 20
Oxytocin strengthens the link between provocation and aggression among low anxiety people
Pfundmair, M., Reinelt, A., DeWall, C. N., & Feldmann, L. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.025 · Cited by 22
The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology
Walburn, J., Vedhara, K., & Weinman, J. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315642765 · Cited by 19
Reproductive experiential regulation of cognitive and emotional resilience
Kinsley, C. H., Bales, K. L., Bardi, M., & Stolzenberg, D. S. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.015 · Cited by 20
Marazziti, D., Diep, P.-T., Carter, C. S., & Carbone, M. G. (2022) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867329666220727120646 · Cited by 16
Coenjaerts, M., Trimborn, I., Adrovic, B., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Cahill, L. F., Philipsen, A., Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119689 · Cited by 17
Seeley, S. H., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., Allen, J. J. B., & O'Connor, M. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26071 · Cited by 16
“BDI-II total scores were included as a third covariate, as people with more prolonged grief symptoms tended to endorse more symptoms on the depression measure.”
MethodInfluentialThe Gene–Culture Interaction Framework and Implications for Health
Sasaki, J. Y., Leclair, J., West, A. L., & Kim, H. S. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357376.013.20 · Cited by 14
Lesemann, F. H. P., Spencer, H., Montoya, E. R., Kraaijenvanger, E. J., He, Y., Branje, S., Boks, M. P., & Bos, P. A. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.08.008 · Cited by 14
Wang, T., Tang, Q., Wu, X., & Chen, X. (2020) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173015 · Cited by 16
Verhaeghe, R., Gao, V., Morley‐Fletcher, S., Bouwalerh, H., Camp, G. V., Cisani, F., Nicoletti, F., & Maccari, S. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00375-5 · Cited by 14
“Oxytocin acts as an anti-stress hormone [25, 85, 86]) and supports maternal care [46, 86, 87].”
BackgroundWalsh, E. C., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Pedersen, C. A., Rubinow, D. R., Girdler, S. S., & Dichter, G. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00547 · Cited by 14
“Furthermore, after OXT administration, null or worsening of effects on social cognition and behavior are observed in individuals with insecure attachment styles (20, 21), which are often associated with ELA (22).”
BackgroundUnderstanding persistent crying in infancy
Viragova, M., & O’Curry, S. (2021) · Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1016/j.paed.2020.12.004 · Cited by 14
Polk, R. J., Horta, M., Lin, T., Porges, E. C., Ojeda, M., Nazarloo, H. P., Carter, C. S., & Ebner, N. C. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0048 · Cited by 12
“In particular, exogenous OT has been found specifically beneficial for individuals low in social-cognitive abilities [124,125].”
BackgroundDepressive symptoms and social context modulate oxytocin’s effect on negative memory recall
Wong, S. F., Cardoso, C., Orlando, M. A., Brown, C. A., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab072 · Cited by 14
Hohl, C. H., Zilcha‐Mano, S., & Delgadillo, J. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105935 · Cited by 13
“Related to the above, Bartz et al. (2010) found that the effects of oxytocin administration were moderated by attachment style, with less anxiously attached participants remembering their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo) and more anxiously attached participants…”
BackgroundEffects of parental care and overprotection on adolescents' diurnal cortisol profiles
Chen, L., Du, H., Zilioli, S., Zhao, S., & Chi, P. (2022) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105121 · Cited by 12
Freeman, H., Scholl, J. L., AnisAbdellatif, M., Gnimpiéba, E. Z., Forster, G. L., & Jacob, S. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105415 · Cited by 11
Self-Compassion in Trauma Treatment
Braehler, C. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_20 · Cited by 10
Takiguchi, S., Makita, K., Fujisawa, T. X., Nishitani, S., & Tomoda, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2022.1056115 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, the opposite effects of OT administration on attachment have been found in studies on healthy adults (91) and patients with bipolar disorder (92).”
A Neuroscience-Oriented Research Approach to Borderline Personality Disorder
Stanley, B., Pérez-Rodríguez, M. M., Labouliere, C. D., & Roose, S. P. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_326 · Cited by 18
Bartz, J. A. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.003 · Cited by 9
Self-citationGauthier, C., Doyen, C., Amado, I., Lôo, H., & Gaillard, R. (2016) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2015.07.006 · Cited by 8
Oren, G., Shoshani, A., Samra, N. N., Verbeke, W. J. M. I., Vrtička, P., Aisenberg-Shafran, D., & Ein‐Dor, T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12085-5 · Cited by 12
“Other research indicates that the effects of oxytocin are influenced by individuals’ existing attachment patterns 52 .”
Towards a neural model of bonding in self-attachment
Cittern, D., & Edalat, A. (2015) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280548 · Cited by 9
“In [19], securely attached individuals remembered their mother as more caring and close in childhood following intranasal OXT relative to placebo, whereas anxiously-attached individuals remembered their mother as less caring and close (using self-report measures).”
BackgroundNeural Contributions of the Hypothalamus to Parental Behaviour
Orikasa, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136998 · Cited by 8
“In humans, OT release [34] and OT itself improved parenting [35] in terms of the formation of social memory [36,37].”
BackgroundMaternal oxytocin responsiveness improves specificity of positive social memory recall
Tse, W. S., Siu, A. F. Y., Zhang, Q., & Chan, H. Y. E. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.026 · Cited by 8
Hirosawa, T., Kikuchi, M., Okumura, E., Yoshimura, Y., Hiraishi, H., Munesue, T., Takesaki, N., Furutani, N., Ono, Y., Higashida, H., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116918 · Cited by 7
“For example, some studies reported antisocial effects of OT, such as increased feelings of envy [11], mistrust [12], attachment insecurity [13], or outgroup derogation [14].”
BackgroundAchie, L. N., Ibrahim, G., Olorunshola, K. V., Ayegbusi, F. O., & Toryila, J. (2016) · African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.5897/ajpp2015.4406 · Cited by 6
“Beyond these roles, OTC plays a major role in adjustment to pregnancy, maternal behavior and bonding (Wittig et al., 2014; Bartz et al., 2010; Feldman et al., 2007; Curley and Keyerne, 2005; Bartz and Hollander, 2006; Kendrick, 2000).”
BackgroundTaking the Focus Away from the Self: Low Individualism Mediates the Effect of Oxytocin on Creativity
Pfundmair, M., Frey, D., & Hodgson, T. L. (2017) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2017.1263520 · Cited by 6
“This personality trait might serve as a favorable filter through which relationships are construed (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultOxytocin-induced anxiogenic behavior in juvenile male rats
Jang, M., Jung, T., Kang, M., Kim, J., & Noh, J. (2021) · Animal Cells and Systems · doi:10.1080/19768354.2021.1995485 · Cited by 8
“Consistent with our data, intranasal administration of OT increases the recollection of aversive events (Bartz et al. 2010) and startle responses to stressful stimuli (Grillon et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSimon-Dack, S. L., & Marmarosh, C. L. (2014) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000020 · Cited by 7
Neuropeptides affecting social behavior in mammals: Oxytocin
Zhou, H., Zhu, R., Xia, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Lorimer, G. H., Ghiladi, R. A., Bayram, H., & Wang, J. (2024) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171223 · Cited by 6
Schoepf, I., & Carsten Schradin, A. (2014) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.002 · Cited by 6
“, 2002), leading to significant behavioral effects in humans and animals (Bartz et al., 2010; Born et al., 2002; Topic et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMacDonald, K. S., Feifel, D., Brüne, M., Lamb, K., Wilson, M. P., Golshan, S., & MacDonald, T. M. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.003 · Cited by 6
Oxytocin-Trust Link in Oxytocin-Sensitive Participants and Those Without Autistic Traits
Kurokawa, H., Kinari, Y., Okudaira, H., Tsubouchi, K., Sai, Y., Kikuchi, M., Higashida, H., & Ohtake, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.659737 · Cited by 6
Wong, S. F., Vaillancourt, S., Grossman, S., Kelly‐Turner, K., Blackwell, S. E., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.013 · Cited by 7
An Expectancy-Value Approach to Attachment
Bartz, J. A., Baldwin, M. W., & Lydon, J. E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9622-9_3 · Cited by 10
Self-citationLahat, E., Mikulincer, M., Lifshin, U., & Shaver, P. R. (2019) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12506 · Cited by 6
Memory response to oxytocin predicts relationship dissolution over 18 months
Cardoso, C., Kalogeropoulos, C., Brown, C. A., Orlando, M. A., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.005 · Cited by 5
Parenting infants: the role of mothers’ perceptions of how they were parented
Tuladhar, C. T., John, A. M. S., & Tarullo, A. R. (2018) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2018.1538133 · Cited by 5
“Likewise, individuals who are less anxiously attached to their parents tend to perceive their parents as more caring than those who are more anxiously attached (Bartz et al., 2010).”
BackgroundBaader, M., Starmer, C., Tufano, F., & Gächter, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58042-6 · Cited by 5
“…the social and behavioral sciences especially in the disciplines of psychology and sociology 11–16 and in various applied fields such as health 17–19 ; there is also growing interest in new areas of application (e.g., research in economics 20–22 or computer science 23,24 ) where, until…”
Clarici, A., Bulfon, M., Radin, Y., & Panksepp, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395247 · Cited by 6
“In that case, we may focus on social cognitive processes mediated by oxytocin and be confronted by paradoxical results such as intranasal oxytocin promoting financial “trust” in many humans but reducing it among individuals with borderline personality disorders (Bartz J. et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultvan Winden, F. A. A. M. (2023) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2023.102625 · Cited by 5
Serotonin and the Neurochemistry of Intimacy
Bartz, J. A. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.001 · Cited by 4
“The burgeoning field of social euroscience and, in particular, the use of pharmacological interentions in conjunction with cognitive and/or behavioral paraigms has produced a number of intriguing neurochemical candiates, including the neuropeptide oxytocin (5) as well as some less bvious contenders like proinflammator…”
BackgroundSelf-citationOxytocin varies across the life course in a sex-specific way in a human subsistence population
Colby, A. E., Jud, D. C., Baettig, V., Martin, J. S., Scaff, C., Gurven, M., Trumble, B., Beheim, B., Hooper, P. L., Cummings, D. K., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2509977122 · Cited by 3
“However, theoretical arguments ( 39 ) and empirical evidence ( 40 ) tend to emphasize the impact of early life experiences on the OT system, rather than that of later - life events, such as becoming a grandpar-ent.”
Uzar, M., Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, M., & Słopień, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252212046 · Cited by 5
“…men perceived relationships with their mothers: the participants with more secure attachment recalled their mothers as more caring and close during childhood after the administration of this neurohormone, while those with a more anxious attachment recalled them as less caring and close [41].”
Effects of Oxytocin on Agency in Anxiously Attached Individuals, a Replication and Extension
Bartz, J. A., Klein, W., & Gregory, A. J. P. (2025) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaf049 · Cited by 3
Self-citationThe Neurobiological Basis for Social Affiliation in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia
Crider, A., & Pillai, A. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0079-0 · Cited by 3
Human, L. J., Thorson, K. R., Woolley, J. D., & Mendes, W. B. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.03.002 · Cited by 3
Neuropeptidergic systems in psychiatric disorders
Hodzic, S., & Riedemann, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1654292 · Cited by 2
“This is exempli fi ed by the fi nding that OXT in anxiously-attached human individuals triggers rather negative effects compared to less anxiously-attached individuals (703).”
Bases hormonals de la conducta prosocial: una revisió de la literatura
Lerma, F. S., Manuel, M. V., & Susana, L. T. (2016) · Anuari de Psicologia de la Societat Valenciana de Psicologia · doi:10.7203/anuari.psicologia.16.1.189 · Cited by 2
Manea, T. (2018) · Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement · doi:10.1017/s1358246118000334 · Cited by 2
Shen, G., Wang, W., Wu, Y., Luo, X., Wang, K., Chen, Y., Kang, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, F., & Chen, L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06529-5 · Cited by 2
Oxytocin, attachment, and self-regarding preferences in humans: Rejoinder to Bartz
Dreu, C. K. W. D. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.004 · Cited by 2
Mackenzie, R., & Watts, J. (2012) · Tizard Learning Disability Review · doi:10.1108/13595471211272532 · Cited by 3
Szymanska, M., Chateau‐Smith, C., Monnin, J., Andrieu, P., Girard, F., Galdon, L., Schneider, M., Pazart, L., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez‐Coady, L. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5643 · Cited by 2
“After IN-OT administration, highly preoccupied XSL • FO RenderX individuals remembered their mothers as less caring and less close, while less anxiously attached individuals remembered their mothers as more caring and more close [40].”
Oxytocin – die dunkle Seite des Kuschelhormons
Spitzer, M. (2012) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1628293 · Cited by 2
“Oxytocin: prosocial behavior, social salience, or approach-related behavior? Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67(6): e33–4.”
Riggio, G., Borrelli, C., Atılgan, D., Russo, G., Diverio, S., & Mariti, C. (2026) · Veterinary Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01652176.2026.2682284 · Cited by 1
“A similar effect has been observed in humans, where intranasal administration of oxytocin enhanced the negative bias in the recollection of maternal care among more anxiously attached individuals (Bartz et al. 2010).”
On Embodied and Situational Morality
van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2011) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-716-5_2 · Cited by 1
The role of oxytocin in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia
Jusiak, K., Brudkowska, Ż., Gołębiowska, M., Morylowska-Topolska, J., Gołębiowska, B., Próchnicki, M., Próchnicka, A., & Karakuła‐Juchnowicz, H. (2017) · Current Problems of Psychiatry · doi:10.1515/cpp-2017-0023 · Cited by 1
“tantly, oxytocin does not condition the attachment process but plays the role of modeling the attachment [22].”
BackgroundThe role of oxytocin in terror management processes
Pfundmair, M., Schindler, S., & Burgstaller, J. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.011 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartz, J. A., Zaki, J., Ochsner, K. N., Bolger, N., Kolevzon, A., Ludwig, N., & Lydon, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bartz, Jennifer A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-11-29
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 21371-21375
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3003037
- OpenAlex
- W2152693006
- Semantic Scholar
- bacdcf8193a328fb39c30e9123de395750a2b004
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Beatrice and Samuel A. Seaver Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- oxytocin, maternal care, attachment representations, childhood memories, closeness, attachment anxiety, social memory, social perception, intranasal oxytocin, social reward
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Animals, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Memory, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Placebos, Social Perception, Cross-Over Studies
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