Oxytocin increases eye gaze in schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Abnormal eye gaze is common in schizophrenia and linked to functional impairment. The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin modulates visual attention to social stimuli, but its effects on eye gaze in schizophrenia are unknown. We examined visual scanning of faces in men with schizophrenia and neurotypical controls to quantify oxytocin effects on eye gaze. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 33 men with schizophrenia and 39 matched controls received one dose of intranasal oxytocin (40 IU) and placebo on separate testing days. Participants viewed 20 color photographs of faces while their gaze patterns were recorded. We tested for differences in fixation time on the eyes between patients and controls as well as oxytocin effects using linear mixed-effects models. We also tested whether attachment style, symptom severity, and anti-dopaminergic medication dosage moderated oxytocin effects. In the placebo condition, patients showed reduced fixation time on the eyes compared to controls. Oxytocin was associated with an increase in fixation time among patients, but a decrease among controls. Higher attachment anxiety and greater symptom severity predicted increased fixation time on the eyes on oxytocin versus placebo. Anti-dopaminergic medication dosage and attachment avoidance did not impact response to oxytocin. Consistent with findings that oxytocin optimizes processing of social stimuli, intranasal oxytocin enhanced eye gaze in men with schizophrenia. Further work is needed to determine whether changes in eye gaze impact social cognition and functional outcomes. Both attachment anxiety and symptom severity predicted oxytocin response, highlighting the importance of examining potential moderators of oxytocin effects in future studies.
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In schizophrenia patients, OXT administration increased eye contact, highlighting a heightened focus on facial expressions and social cues.
“In schizophrenia patients, OXT administration increased eye contact, highlighting a heightened focus on facial expressions and social cues.”
From Convergence of oxytocin and dopamine signalling in neuronal circuits: Insights into the neurobiology of social interactions across species (2024) · cites this paper as Bradley et al., 2019
The same OXT treatment reduced eye gaze among control individuals.
“However, it is noteworthy that the same OXT treatment reduced eye gaze among control individuals.”
From Convergence of oxytocin and dopamine signalling in neuronal circuits: Insights into the neurobiology of social interactions across species (2024) · cites this paper as Bradley et al., 2019
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rappeneau, V., & Castillo Díaz, F. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105675 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“In another investigation, the impact of intranasal OXT administration on an eye gaze task was examined (Bradley et al., 2019).”
Background
- Authors
- Bradley, E. R., Seitz, A., Niles, A. N., Rankin, K. P., Mathalon, D. H., O'Donovan, A., & Woolley, J. D.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bradley, Ellen R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 212
- Pages
- 177-185
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6791758
- OpenAlex
- W2967431369
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- oxytocin, gaze
- MeSH terms
- Facial Recognition, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Schizophrenia, Social Perception, Time Factors, Eye Movement Measurements
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